WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION
If the video does not load automatically, you can find it here: Collective intelligence and idea competitions
We have decided to see the current situation as (a) an opportunity to try a new presentation format and (b) a case study for our presentation. Hence, this storyboard illustrates our algorithm in a way that is …
structured. Thanks to R Markdown, the text of each slide is embedded with the code the algorithm. So you are seeing how the data gets created.
dynamic. We use a clustering algorithm that selects ideas randomly. In the original version, the results change every time you restart the page and that shows that we did not use a specific set of parameters to obtain good results. In this static version, the results do not change over time.
At the end of the dashboard, we share our dictionary and the dataset of quotes, to help you understand how we assessed the ideas and to give you something to read in this special time. We hope you enjoy watching it as much as we enjoyed making it.
01) INTRODUCTION: How to filter ideas while taking into account the seeker’s goals and the learning dynamics?
Ideas competition is an online idea competition initiated by a firm that sets a medium amount of specificity concerning the required tasks, which can range from ideas, sketches, concepts, prototype, and working solutions, for a specific target group of individuals that competes and cooperates thanks to community functions in the online platform, for a large amount of time, in exchange of a mix between monetary and non-monetary rewards that are given by a jury of experts (source).
In recent years, the amount of Google searches for idea challenges such as Innocentive has been intervined with the amount of searches for collective intelligence. We present the preliminary results of a scalable processes that uses idea clustering to (1) reduce the cost per idea selection, (2) increase the quality of the retained ideas, since it is not biased by the bounded rationality of the solution seeker.
02) GAP IN THE LITERATURE REVIEW: Focus on learning as an incentive and as a processs
Most of previous researches has considered the idea provider as main subject of analysis. Instead, we focus on the bounded rationality of the solution seeker and the learning dynamics.
Seekers often estimate that the main cost of an idea challenge comes from the reward itself; yet, making mistakes in the selection process and picking the wrong idea might result in the seeker wasting time and money.
The learning dynamics at the seeker side, can be summarized through the metaphor of a person looking for the right configuration of battery power (consumption of resources) and signal bandwidth for its mobile (different degrees of learning due to the diversity of sources accessed for the ideas).
3a) A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE: an idea challenge to find a quote for encouragement during COVID-19
Let us assume that we want to find a quote of encouragement during the period of COVID-19. The project of Wikipedia dedicated to quotes Wikiquote, has a page on COVID-19 with a section dedicated to International encouragement.
As of May 17th 2020, there are six quotes, which we will be using as a starting point. The polarized Word cloud allows to see which are the words in common among the quotes: Virus, healing and death.
To make it less specific, we will not use medical terms such as “Virus, Pandemic or Influenza”. Instead, the page on Google trends about Covid-19 shows that the other related topics with Covid-19 are: death, isolation and unemployment.
SOLUTION Y2) Idea Clustering (with 3 clusters)
| Quote | Unemployment | Endurance | Crisis | Solitude | Death | OverallFit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| When a crisis hits all the bullshit about the market is thrown to the winds. And that is just what we are seeing now. Faced with the collapse of the capitalist economy, for the second time in a dozen years, with massive bankruptcies on the table and the stock market plunging by more than 30 percent and more to come, fervent advocates of the free market are now embracing government intervention to save their skins. […] The current crisis demonstrates not only that all the ideological nonsense about the virtues of the free market is quickly thrown overboard when capitalist interests are threatened, but also that the idea that governments are essentially powerless in the face of the markets is rubbish. Governments are not helpless victims who cannot do anything in the face of “economic realityâ€. In the normal course of events, when we demand things like better welfare, health care or education, governments tell us that it isn’t possible. Workers every day face their own personal crises – lack of money to pay the rent or the possibility of defaulting on their mortgage because theboss didn’t call them in for work this week, overdue utility bills that must be paid or risk being cut off, expenses for children’s education that fall due, the fear of redundancy. These are crises that are experienced personally but are really a collective crisis of everyday life for working class people. But when we ask for governments to respond, we are told that addressing these things collectively is not possible, and that this is just the way things are. But when the capitalist system goes into crisis, governments act promptly. It turns out that political decisions about the economy are possible and it is wholly possible for governments to tell the markets to go jump. | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| I speak about Death as one who knows… There is no death. There is… entrance into fuller life. There is freedom from the handicaps of the fleshly vehicle. The rending process so much dreaded does not exist, except in the cases of violent and of sudden death, and then the only true disagreeables are an instant and overwhelming sense of imminent peril and destruction, and something closely approaching an electric shock. No more… For the average good citizen, death is a continuance of the living process in his consciousness and a carrying forward of the interests and tendencies of the life. His consciousness and his sense of awareness are the same and unaltered. He does not sense much difference, is well taken care of, and oft is unaware that he has passed through the episode of death. For the wicked and cruelly selfish, for the criminal and for those few who live for the material side only, there eventuates that condition which we call “earth-bound”. The links they have forged with earth and the earthward bias of all their desires, force them to remain close to the earth and their last setting in the earth environment. They seek desperately and by every possible means to re-contact it and to re-enter. In a few cases, great personal love for those left behind or the non-fulfilment of a recognised and urgent duty, holds the good and beautiful in a somewhat similar condition. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The k-means clustering alogrithm assigns the ideas from the cheatstorming dataset to clusters according to its word frequency.
Then, the system randomly selects one quote per cluster. Since we do not seek for the best quote the cost for idea selection is far smaller, whereas we rely on the heterogeneity of the combined ideas to assure quality of the result.
P3) THE CLUSTERING ALGORITHM IS VERY CHEAP In the first round, no idea has been assessed by an expert. In the second round, only one idea is assessed by the experts. The cost for the idea clustering algorithm is 100 times smaller than the cost of the cheatstorming algorithm.
Total Cost Idea Clustering:
* Round 1: ideas automatically assessed and selected
* Round 2: 5 evaluators assessing 1 ideas
* TOT: 5 ideas assessed
04) DISCUSSION: Comparison of the performance of the three approaches
| Quote | Fear | Unemployment | Courage | Endurance | Crisis | Solitude | Death | OverallFit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solution N1: Chainstorming with Experts |
|
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
|
Solution N2: Cheatstorming |
When a crisis hits all the bullshit about the market is thrown to the winds. And that is just what we are seeing now. Faced with the collapse of the capitalist economy, for the second time in a dozen years, with massive bankruptcies on the table and the stock market plunging by more than 30 percent and more to come, fervent advocates of the free market are now embracing government intervention to save their skins. […] The current crisis demonstrates not only that all the ideological nonsense about the virtues of the free market is quickly thrown overboard when capitalist interests are threatened, but also that the idea that governments are essentially powerless in the face of the markets is rubbish. Governments are not helpless victims who cannot do anything in the face of “economic realityâ€. In the normal course of events, when we demand things like better welfare, health care or education, governments tell us that it isn’t possible. Workers every day face their own personal crises – lack of money to pay the rent or the possibility of defaulting on their mortgage because theboss didn’t call them in for work this week, overdue utility bills that must be paid or risk being cut off, expenses for children’s education that fall due, the fear of redundancy. These are crises that are experienced personally but are really a collective crisis of everyday life for working class people. But when we ask for governments to respond, we are told that addressing these things collectively is not possible, and that this is just the way things are. But when the capitalist system goes into crisis, governments act promptly. It turns out that political decisions about the economy are possible and it is wholly possible for governments to tell the markets to go jump. Our crises show us the ways in which our institutions have betrayed nature. We have equated the good life with material consumption, we have dehumanized work and made it needlessly competitive, we are uneasy about our capacities for learning and teaching. Wildly expensive medical care has made little advance against chronic and catastrophic illness while becoming steadily more impersonal, more intrusive. Our government is complex and unresponsive, our social support system is breaking at every stress point. The potential for rescue at this time of crisis is neither luck, coincidence, nor wishful thinking. Armed with a more sophisticated understanding of how change occurs, we know that the very forces that have brought us to planetary brinksmanship carry in them the seeds of renewal. The current disequilibrium— personal and social—foreshadows a new kind of society. Roles, relationships, institutions, and old ideas are being reexamined, reformulated, redesigned. |
1 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
|
Solution Y2: Idea Clustering |
I speak about Death as one who knows… There is no death. There is… entrance into fuller life. There is freedom from the handicaps of the fleshly vehicle. The rending process so much dreaded does not exist, except in the cases of violent and of sudden death, and then the only true disagreeables are an instant and overwhelming sense of imminent peril and destruction, and something closely approaching an electric shock. No more… For the average good citizen, death is a continuance of the living process in his consciousness and a carrying forward of the interests and tendencies of the life. His consciousness and his sense of awareness are the same and unaltered. He does not sense much difference, is well taken care of, and oft is unaware that he has passed through the episode of death. For the wicked and cruelly selfish, for the criminal and for those few who live for the material side only, there eventuates that condition which we call “earth-bound”. The links they have forged with earth and the earthward bias of all their desires, force them to remain close to the earth and their last setting in the earth environment. They seek desperately and by every possible means to re-contact it and to re-enter. In a few cases, great personal love for those left behind or the non-fulfilment of a recognised and urgent duty, holds the good and beautiful in a somewhat similar condition. I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. |
4 |
7 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
The comparison of the three approaches shows that idea clustering approach delivers results that are above the standard chainstorming with a limited consumption of resources.
This time, we addedd “Courage” and “Fear” as a criteria of assessement, to describe the case, where evaluators are not aware of all the possible dimensions to assess the ideas. In this scenario, the idea clustering approach is not penalized by the additional dimensions, since it has an inductive approach based on the collected data.
P4) IDEA CLUSTERING SUPPORTS THE DISCOVERY PROCESS OF THE SOLUTION SEEKER
If we let the scoring criteria evolve depending on the ideas received from the crowd, the idea selection algorithm can show all its strength. The other techniques require the idea seeker to know the good criteria in advance, whereas here the radically different ideas are scored higher than incremental improvements.
5) CONCLUSIONS and futher directions of investigation
As previously mentioned, this presentation is dynamic, and the OverallFit for the Idea Clustering Algorithm changes every time. Nevertheless, the result of 100 simulations show that the quote chosen by our algorithm is most likely to cover 4 dimensions. That is the same amount of the cheatstorming algorithm, at a fraction of the cost.
Nevertheless, our study is a work in progress and this presentation has two main limitations:
Our simulation does not represent the full complexity of a real idea competition. Real ideas are not simply pasted together and judges do not simply assess ideas according to keywords.
Our model does require a minimum amount of ideas. Clustering algorithms need less data to find patterns than a deep learning algorithm. Nonetheless, an idea challenge that ends up with few phrases for a limited set of participants will not be well suited.
ANNEXES: The dataset
| Author | Source.Wikiquote | Quote |
|---|---|---|
| Teresa Kok | Covid-19 | While Malaysians are concerned about the spread of the (COVID-19) virus to our shores, we are equally sympathetic towards China, especially given that the two countries share deep cultural and business ties which have been built over decades. |
| Hassan Rouhani | Covid-19 | We will get through corona (virus). |
| John Pilger | Covid-19 | A pandemic has been declared, but not for the 24,600 who die every day from unnecessary starvation, and not for 3,000 children who die every day from preventable malaria, and not for the 10,000 people who die every day because they are denied publicly-funded healthcare, and not for the hundreds of Venezuelans and Iranians who die every day because America’s blockade denies them life-saving medicines, and not for the hundreds of mostly children bombed or starved to death every day in Yemen, in a war supplied and kept going, profitably, by America and Britain. Before you panic, consider them. |
| Kitty O Meara | Covid-19 | And the people stayed home. And read books, and listened, and rested, and exercised, and made art, and played games, and learned new ways of being, and were still. And listened more deeply. Some meditated, some prayed, some danced. Some met their shadows. And the people began to think differently. And the people healed. And, in the absence of people living in ignorant, dangerous, mindless, and heartless ways, the earth began to heal. And when the danger passed, and the people joined together again, they grieved their losses, and made new choices, and dreamed new images, and created new ways to live and heal the earth fully, as they had been healed.†|
| George Monbiot | Covid-19 | There are two ways this could go. We could, as some people have done, double down on denial. Some of those who have dismissed other threats, such as climate breakdown, also seek to downplay the threat of Covid-19… Or this could be the moment when we begin to see ourselves, once more, as governed by biology and physics, and dependent on a habitable planet. Never again should we listen to the liars and the deniers. Never again should we allow a comforting falsehood to trounce a painful truth. No longer can we afford to be dominated by those who put money ahead of life. |
| Noam Chomsky | Covid-19 | The Coronavirus is serious enough but it’s worth recalling that there is a much greater horror approaching, we are racing to the edge of disaster, far worse than anything that’s ever happened in human history… the corona virus is a horrible… can have terrifying consequences but there will be recovery, while the others won’t be recovered… If we don’t deal with them we’re done. |
| Kofi Annan | Crisis | Today’s real borders are not between nations, but between powerful and powerless, free and fettered, privileged and humiliated. Today, no walls can separate humanitarian or human rights crises in one part of the world from national security crises in another. |
| Alice Bailey | Crisis | Shirk not these crises, hard and difficult though they may appear to be. Difficult they are. Forget not that the habit of confronting crises, is a long-established one within the consciousness of humanity. Man has the “habit of crisis”, if I may so call it. They are only the points of examination… They evoke confidence when surmounted, and produce greatly expanded vision. They foster compassion and understanding, for the pain and inner conflict they have engendered is never forgotten, for they draw upon the resources of the heart. They release the light of wisdom within the field of knowledge, and the world is thereby enriched. |
| Alice Bailey | Crisis | Unless such moments of crisis occur, the life simmers down to a general dead level and (even if useful) offers not the chance for an extreme effort with its consequent need to draw upon the full resources of the soul. |
| Alice Bailey | Crisis | The creative crisis (for Humanity) has been made possible by three major happenings: The conclusion of a twenty-five thousand year cycle or movement around what is called the lesser zodiac. This connotes a major cycle of experience in the life of our planetary Logos . . . The end of the Piscean Age. This simply means that the energies coming from Pisces during the last two thousand years, are now being rapidly superseded by energies coming from Aquarius. These result in major changes… The increasingly dominant activity of the seventh Ray of Order or Ceremonial Magic, as it is somewhat erroneously called. This ray is now coming into manifestation, and is in close co-operation with the two above factors. |
| Tom Bramble | Crisis | When a crisis hits all the bullshit about the market is thrown to the winds. And that is just what we are seeing now. Faced with the collapse of the capitalist economy, for the second time in a dozen years, with massive bankruptcies on the table and the stock market plunging by more than 30 percent and more to come, fervent advocates of the free market are now embracing government intervention to save their skins. […] The current crisis demonstrates not only that all the ideological nonsense about the virtues of the free market is quickly thrown overboard when capitalist interests are threatened, but also that the idea that governments are essentially powerless in the face of the markets is rubbish. Governments are not helpless victims who cannot do anything in the face of “economic realityâ€. In the normal course of events, when we demand things like better welfare, health care or education, governments tell us that it isn’t possible. Workers every day face their own personal crises – lack of money to pay the rent or the possibility of defaulting on their mortgage because theboss didn’t call them in for work this week, overdue utility bills that must be paid or risk being cut off, expenses for children’s education that fall due, the fear of redundancy. These are crises that are experienced personally but are really a collective crisis of everyday life for working class people. But when we ask for governments to respond, we are told that addressing these things collectively is not possible, and that this is just the way things are. But when the capitalist system goes into crisis, governments act promptly. It turns out that political decisions about the economy are possible and it is wholly possible for governments to tell the markets to go jump. |
| Marilyn Ferguson | Crisis | Our crises show us the ways in which our institutions have betrayed nature. We have equated the good life with material consumption, we have dehumanized work and made it needlessly competitive, we are uneasy about our capacities for learning and teaching. Wildly expensive medical care has made little advance against chronic and catastrophic illness while becoming steadily more impersonal, more intrusive. Our government is complex and unresponsive, our social support system is breaking at every stress point. The potential for rescue at this time of crisis is neither luck, coincidence, nor wishful thinking. Armed with a more sophisticated understanding of how change occurs, we know that the very forces that have brought us to planetary brinksmanship carry in them the seeds of renewal. The current disequilibrium— personal and social—foreshadows a new kind of society. Roles, relationships, institutions, and old ideas are being reexamined, reformulated, redesigned. |
| Marilyn Ferguson | Crisis | For the first time in history, humankind has come upon the control panel of change—an understanding of how transformation occurs. We are living in the change of change, the time in which we can intentionally align ourselves with nature for rapid remaking of ourselves and our collapsing institutions. |
| Marilyn Ferguson | Crisis | We are at a very exciting moment in history, perhaps a turning point, said Ilya Prigogine, who won the 1977 Nobel prize for a theory that describes transformations, not only in the physical sciences but also in society—the role of stress and “perturbations” that can thrust us into a new, higher order. Science, he said, is proving the reality of a deep cultural vision. The poets and philosophers were right in their intimations of an open, creative universe. Transformation, innovation, evolution—these are the natural responses to crisis. The crises of our time, it becomes increasingly clear, are the necessary impetus for the revolution now under way. And once we understand nature’s transformative powers, we see that it is our powerful ally, not a force to be feared or subdued. Our pathology is our opportunity. |
| Marilyn Ferguson | Crisis | In every age, said scientist-philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, man has proclaimed himself at a turning point in history. " And to a certain extent, as he is advancing on a rising spiral, he has not been wrong. But there are moments when this impression of transformation becomes accentuated and is thus particularly justified." Teilhard prophesied the phenomenon central to this book: a conspiracy of men and women whose new perspective would trigger a critical contagion of change. Throughout history virtually all efforts to remake society began by altering its outward form and organization. |
| John F. Kennedy | Crisis | Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed — and no republic can survive. […] And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment — the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution — not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply “give the public what it wants” — but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion. |
| Mark Lilla | Crisis | Crisis is the mother of history. Beginning with Herodotus the urge to write history has been bound up with the need to explain the seemingly inexplicable reversals of fortune suffered by nations and empires. The best histories satisfy that need while still capturing the openness and unpredictability of human action, though the best histories are not always the most memorable. Historians who offer “multicausal explanationsâ€â€”and use phrases like that—do not last, while those who discover the hidden wellspring of absolutely everything are imitated and attacked but never forgotten. |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | Crisis | Most of us seldom take the trouble to think. It is a troublesome and fatiguing process and often leads to uncomfortable conclusions. But crises and deadlocks when they occur have at least this advantage, that they force us to think. |
| Lydia Rapoport | Crisis | Crisis in its simplest terms is defined as an upset in a steady state… the habitual problem-solving activities are not adequate and do not rapidly lead to the previously achieved balance state |
| Helena Roerich | Crisis | Let them understand in America that the crisis in the country itself is nothing less than a battlefield. There is no better possibility! The Teaching says that while the human spirit is in happy and comfortable harbors it will never awaken. Therefore, only in the days of shocks is it possible to expect spiritual ascent and the realization of true values. The threatening time will compel many to look for a way out and salvation. Try to be at your best, and connect yourselves with the great Focus without delay! Let nobody be deceived by apparent calmness, as it is very deceptive—such calmness may be more dangerous than a storm. |
| Myron Scholes | Crisis | Now it is time to encourage the BIS and other regulatory bodies to support studies on stress-test and concentration methodologies. Planning for crises is more important than VAR analysis. |
| Eckhart Tolle | Crisis | The best indicator of your level of consciousness is how you deal with life’s challenges when they come. Through those challenges, an already unconscious person tends to become more deeply unconscious, and a conscious person more intensely conscious. You can use a challenge to awaken you, or you can allow it to pull you into even deeper sleep. The dream of ordinary unconsciousness then turns into a nightmare. If you cannot be present even in normal circumstances, such as when you are sitting alone in a room, walking in the woods, or listening to someone, then you certainly won’t be able to stay conscious when something “goes wrong” or you are faced with difficult people or situations, with loss or the threat of loss. You will be taken over by a reaction, which ultimately is always some form of fear, and pulled into deep unconsciousness. Those challenges are your tests. |
| Eckhart Tolle | Crisis | When such challenges come, as they always do, make it a habit to go within at once and focus as much as you can on the inner energy field of your body. This need not take long, just a few seconds. But you need to do it the moment that the challenge presents itself. Any delay will allow a conditioned mental-emotional reaction to arise and take you over. |
| Eckhart Tolle | Crisis | As the egoic mode of consciousness and all the social, political, and economic structures that it created enter the final stage of collapse, the relationships between men and women reflect the deep state of crisis in which humanity now finds itself. As humans have become increasingly identified with their mind, most relationships are not rooted in Being and so turn into a source of pain and become dominated by problems and conflict. |
| Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International on the Coronavirus pandemic | Crisis | Great crises require great solutions |
| Colin Wilson | Crisis | These are the visionary, mystical moments, when a man ‘completes his partial mind’. His everyday conscious self is only a small part of the mind, like the final crescent of the moon. In moments of crisis, the full moon suddenly appears. |
| Colin Wilson | Crisis | Why is it so hard to keep the mind concentrated, and to live up to our good resolutions? The problem is the basically mechanical nature of our left-brain consciousness. We have a kind of robot servant who does things for us: we earn to type or drive a car, painfully and consciously, then our robot takes over, and does it far more quickly and efficiently. Because man is the most complex creature on Earth, he is forced to rely on his robot far more than other animals. The result is that, whenever he gets tired, the robot takes over. For the modern city dweller, most of his everyday living is done by the robot. This is why it takes an emergency to concentrate the mind ‘wonderfully’, and why we forget so quickly. |
| Adam and Lilith | Solitude | While God created Adam, who was alone, He said, ‘It is not good for man to be alone. He also created a woman, from the earth, as He had created Adam himself, and called her Lilith. Adam and Lilith immediately began to fight. She said, ’I will not lie below,’ and he said, ‘I will not lie beneath you, but only on top. For you are fit only to be in the bottom position, while I am to be the superior one.’ Lilith responded, ‘We are equal to each other inasmuch as we were both created from the earth.’ But they would not listen to one another. When Lilith saw this, she pronounced the Ineffable Name and flew away into the air. |
| Isaac Asimov | Solitude | My feeling is that as far as creativity is concerned, isolation is required. The creative person is, in any case, continually working at it. His mind is shuffling his information at all times, even when he is not conscious of it. The presence of others can only inhibit this process, since creation is embarrassing. For every new good idea you have, there are a hundred, ten thousand foolish ones, which you naturally do not care to display. |
| Francis Bacon, | Solitude | Whosoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. |
| Beaumont and Fletcher | Solitude | He never is alone that is accompanied with noble thoughts. |
| Charles Bukowski | Solitude | I was a man who thrived on solitude; without it I was like another man without food or water. Each day without solitude weakened me. |
| Lord Byron | Solitude | But ’midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men, To hear, to see, to feel, and to possess, And roam along, the world’s tired denizen, With none who bless us, none whom we can bless. |
| Chanakya | Solitude | A man is born alone and dies alone; and he experiences the good and bad consequences of his karma alone; and he goes alone to hell or the Supreme abode. |
| Albert Einstein | Solitude | Although I am a typical loner in my daily life, my awareness of belonging to the invisible community of those who strive for truth, beauty, and justice has prevented me from feelings of isolation. |
| Albert Einstein | Solitude | Man is, at one and the same time, a solitary being and a social being. As a solitary being, he attempts to protect his own existence and that of those who are closest to him, to satisfy his personal desires, and to develop his innate abilities. As a social being, he seeks to gain the recognition and affection of his fellow human beings, to share in their pleasures, to comfort them in their sorrows, and to improve their conditions of life. Only the existence of these varied, frequently conflicting, strivings accounts for the special character of a man, and their specific combination determines the extent to which an individual can achieve an inner equilibrium and can contribute to the well-being of society. |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | Solitude | What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual & in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness & meanness. It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it. It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude. |
| Charlton Heston | Solitude | If I were truly the last man on Earth, I would talk to myself. I’ve been out in the woods, hunting and things. There’s no one else to talk to, so you talk to yourself. Why not? In Neville’s case, there is no one else to talk to. That’s part of the beginning of the film. When he finds that there is actually someone else alive, that changes the direction of his behavior. |
| Publius Syrus | Solitude | He who lives in solitude may make his own laws. |
| Arthur Schopenhauer | Solitude | People are rendered sociable by their inability to endure solitude, that is to say, their own society. They become sick of themselves. It is this vacuity of soul which drives them to intercourse with others. … Such people, it may be said, possess only a small fraction of humanity in themselves; and it requires a great many of them put together to make up a fair amount of it,—to attain any degree of consciousness as men. A man, in the full sense of the word,—a man par excellence—does not represent a fraction, but a whole number: he is complete in himself. |
| Nikola Tesla | Solitude | The mind is sharper and keener in seclusion and uninterrupted solitude. No big laboratory is needed in which to think. Originality thrives in seclusion free of outside influences beating upon us to cripple the creative mind. Be alone, that is the secret of invention; be alone, that is when ideas are born. |
| Curtis White | Solitude | Similar though Marx and Thoreau may be in their accounts of the consequences of living in a society defined by money, their suggestions for how to respond to it are poles apart. Forget the Party. Forget the revolution. Forget the general strike. Forget the proletariat as an abstract class of human interest. Thoreau’s revolution begins not with discovering comrades to be yoked together in solidarity but with the embrace of solitude. For Thoreau, Marx’s first and fatal error was the creation of the aggregate identity of the proletariat. Error was substituted for error. The anonymity and futility of the worker were replaced by the anonymity and futility of the revolutionary. A revolution conducted by people who have only a group identity can only replace one monolith of power with another, one misery with another, perpetuating the cycle of domination and oppression. In solitude, the individual becomes most human, which is to say most spiritual. |
| Bayard Taylor | Solitude | Alone each heart must cover up its dead; Alone, through bitter toil, achieve its rest. |
| Sylvester Stallone | Solitude | There’s a natural law of karma that vindictive people, who go out of their way to hurt others, will end up broke and alone. |
| Marcus Aurelius | Endurance | Nothing happens to any man that he is not formed by nature to bear. The same things happen to another, and either because he does not see that they have happened, or because he would show a great spirit, he is firm and remains unharmed. It is a shame then that ignorance and conceit should be stronger than wisdom. |
| Kilian Jornet | Endurance | Winning isn’t about finishing in first place. It isn’t about beating the others. It is about overcoming yourself. Overcoming your body, your limitations, and your fears. Winning means surpassing yourself and turning your dreams into reality. |
| John F. Kennedy | Endurance | A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. Ideas have endurance without death. |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | Endurance | To those human beings who are of any concern to me I wish suffering, desolation, sickness, ill-treatment, indignities—I wish that they should not remain unfamiliar with profound self-contempt, the torture of self-mistrust, the wretchedness of the vanquished: I have no pity for them, because I wish them the only thing that can prove today whether one is worth anything or not—that one endures. |
| Arthur C. Clarke | Unemployment | The goal of the future is full unemployment, so we can play. That’s why we have to destroy the present politico-economic system. |
| Benjamin Creme | Unemployment | The coming [major, game changing] stock market crash will inevitably cause much unemployment. This will lead to a complete change of government priorities: the supplying of adequate food, shelter, health-care and education will become paramount responsibilities of all forward looking nations. The waste of resources as today, in armaments and competitive practices, will cease. A rational and sustainable economic structure based on sufficiency will become the norm. Leisure will be the natural by-product of such a structure |
| Albert Einstein | Unemployment | Production is carried on for profit, not for use. There is no provision that all those able and willing to work will always be in a position to find employment; an “army of unemployed†almost always exists. The worker is constantly in fear of losing his job. Unlimited competition leads to a huge waste of labor, and to that crippling of the social consciousness of individuals. |
| Ensminger ME1, Celentano DD | Unemployment | Unemployment is viewed as one of the more stressful of life events that an adult can experience. Job loss leads to decreased social status, disrupts family and social roles, produces financial strain, and loss of self esteem, all of which have detrimental consequences for mental health |
| Robert Skidelsky | Unemployment | If one machine can cut necessary human labor by half, why make half of the workforce redundant, rather than employing the same number for half the time? This would be possible if the gains from automation were not mostly seized by the rich and powerful, but were distributed fairly instead. |
| Edward Snowden | Unemployment | If we do not find a way to provide a basic income for people who have no work, or no meaningful work, we’re going to have social unrest that could get people killed. |
| Agni Yoga | Fear | From remote times people have been accustomed to fear so-called death. They were always intimidated by hell, and at the same time were not told about the meaning of perfectment. One cannot ask people to be brave if they do not know why they are on Earth, and where they will be directed when liberated. We entrust Our co-workers to repeat as much as they can to people about the great Eternity and the continuity of life… We know what devastation fear produces in the human organism. Earthly physicians should distinguish a special kind of sickness caused by fear… Let them understand how harmful is fear. |
| Mark Ames | Fear | Fear, imposed from the top down- from shareholder to senior executive, senior executive to executive, and so on down the chain right to the maximally squeezed Manpower temp- is the dominant trope in the post-Reagan corporate culture. One of the simplest ways to instill this fear is to make employees acutely aware that their jobs are never safe. |
| Gillian Anderson | Fear | Just remember, you can do anything you set your mind to, but it takes action, perseverance, and facing your fears. |
| Stephen Colbert | Fear | Not living in fear is a great gift, because certainly these days we do it so much. And do you know what I like about comedy? You can’t laugh and be afraid at the same time—of anything. If you’re laughing, I defy you to be afraid. |
| Benjamin Creme | Fear | The stress which exists in the world today is a result of competition and fear, the fear of failure, disease, death, war, calamity, and economic disruption. The pressure that these fears put on humanity inevitably results in psychosomatic diseases. The cure lies in a re-establishing of equilibrium. When we establish equilibrium in our lives through a restructuring of our political, economic and social institutions, we will find that the health of humanity will improve dramatically. |
| Marie Curie | Fear | Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less. |
| George Patton | Fear | Everybody’s afraid, but to do your job in combat you have to put your fear down. If you’re not afraid in combat, you’re either a fool or a liar |
| Frank Herbert | Fear | I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer. Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration. I will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will remain. |
| Dag Hammarskjöld | Fear | Our work for peace must begin within the private world of each one of us. To build for man a world without fear, we must be without fear. To build a world of justice, we must be just. And how can we fight for liberty if we are not free in our own minds? How can we ask others to sacrifice if we are not ready to do so?… Only in true surrender to the interest of all can we reach that strength and independence, that unity of purpose, that equity of judgment which are necessary if we are to measure up to our duty to the future, as men of a generation to whom the chance was given to build in time a world of peace. |
| Martin Luther King | Fear | I’d rather be dead than afraid. |
| Yoda | Fear | Fear is the path to the Dark Side. Fear leads to anger, anger leads to hate, hate leads to suffering. |
| Nelson Mandela | Fear | I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | Fear | One will rarely err if extreme actions be ascribed to vanity, ordinary actions to habit, and mean actions to fear. |
| Bertrand Russell | Fear | There are two ways of coping with fear: one is to diminish the external danger, and the other is to cultivate Stoic endurance. The latter can be reinforced, except where immediate action is necessary, by turning our thoughts away from the cause of fear. The conquest of fear is of very great importance. Fear is in itself degrading; it easily becomes an obsession; it produces hate of that which is feared, and it leads headlong to excesses of cruelty. Nothing has so beneficent an effect on human beings as security. …Fear, at present, overshadows the world. …If matters are to improve, the first and essential step is to find a way of diminishing fear. |
| Selby et al | Fear | Although acquired capability may not be directly treatable, explaining to combat veterans how their experiences may have contributed to invincibility or fearlessness toward pain and death may help them maintain awareness of their increased risk. It could be communicated to military personnel in general that they should seek help immediately when they feel suicidal, not because they are weak, but to the contrary, because they may lack fear. This explanation may also help decrease cognitive barriers to seeking aid for mental health. |
| Baruch Spinoza | Fear | Fear cannot be without hope nor hope without fear. |
| Joss Whedon | Fear | I think there’s a lot of people out there who say we must not have horror in any form, we must not say scary things to children because it will make them evil and disturbed… That offends me deeply, because the world is a scary and horrifying place, and everyone’s going to get old and die, if they’re that lucky. To set children up to think that everything is sunshine and roses is doing them a great disservice. Children need horror because there are things they don’t understand. It helps them to codify it if it is mythologized, if it’s put into the context of a story, whether the story has a happy ending or not. If it scares them and shows them a little bit of the dark side of the world that is there and always will be, it’s helping them out when they have to face it as adults. |
| Quintus Curtius Rufus | Fear | When the truth cannot be clearly made out, what is false is increased through fear. |
| Quintus Curtius Rufus | Fear | When fear has seized upon the mind, man fears that only which he first began to fear. |
| Sallust | Fear | The man who is roused neither by glory nor by danger it is in vain to exhort; terror closes the ears of the mind. |
| Friedrich Schiller | Fear | The man who fears nothing is not less powerful than he who is feared by every one. |
| Thomas Brooks, | Fear | When you have overcome one temptation, you must be ready to enter the lists with another. As distrust, in some sense, is the mother of safety, so security is the gate of danger. A man had need to fear this most of all, that he fears not at all. |
| Blaise Pascal | Fear | There is a virtuous fear, which is the effect of faith; and there is a vicious fear, which is the product of doubt. The former leads to hope, as relying on God, in whom we believe; the latter inclines to despair, as not relying on God, in whom we do not believe. Persons of the one character fear to lose God; persons of the other character fear to find Him. |
| Sarah Smiley | Fear | Nothing so demoralizes the forces of the soul as fear. Only as we realize the presence of the Lord does fear give place to faith |
| John Witherspoon | Fear | It is only the fear of God that can deliver us from the fear of man |
| Joseph Addison | Courage | The soul, secured in her existence, smiles At the drawn dagger, and defies its point. |
| Maya Angelou | Courage | Without courage we cannot practice any other virtue with consistency. We can’t be kind, true, merciful, generous, or honest. |
| Maya Angelou | Courage | We, unaccustomed to courage exiles from delight live coiled in shells of loneliness until love leaves its high holy temple and comes into our sight to liberate us into life. |
| Anthony Ashley-Cooper | Courage | True courage…has so little to do with Anger, that there lies always the strongest Suspicion against it, where this Passion is highest. The true Courage is the cool and calm. The bravest of Men have the least of a brutal bullying Insolence; and in the very time of Danger are found the most serene, pleasant, and free. Rage, we know, can make a Coward forget himself and fight. But what is done in Fury, or Anger, can never be plac’d to the account of Courage. |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | Courage | Courage charms us, because it indicates that a man loves an idea better than all things in the world, that he is thinking neither of his bed, nor his dinner, nor his money, but will venture all to put in act the invisible thought of his mind. |
| William Shakespeare | Courage | Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once |
| Rollo May | Courage | In any age courage is the simple virtue needed for a human being to traverse the rocky road from infancy to maturity of personality. But in an age of anxiety, an age of herd morality and personal isolation, courage is a sine qua non. In periods when the mores of the society were more consistent guides, the individual was more firmly cushioned in his crises of development; but in times of transition like ours, the individual is thrown on his own at an earlier age and for a longer period |
| Tobias Smollett | Courage | True courage scorns To vent her prowess in a storm of words; And, to the valiant, actions speak alone. |
| George Farquhar | Courage | Courage, the highest gift, that scorns to bend To mean devices for a sordid end. Courage—an independent spark from Heaven’s bright throne, By which the soul stands raised, triumphant high, alone. Great in itself, not praises of the crowd, Above all vice, it stoops not to be proud. Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above, By which those great in war, are great in love. The spring of all brave acts is seated here, As falsehoods draw their sordid birth from fear |
| Bertrand Russell | Courage | Christianity offers reasons for not fearing death or the universe, and in so doing it fails to teach adequately the virtue of courage. The craving for religious faith being largely an outcome of fear, the advocates of faith tend to think that certain kinds of fear are not to be deprecated. In this, to my mind, they are gravely mistaken. To allow oneself to entertain pleasant beliefs as a means of avoiding fear is not to live in the best way. In so far as religion makes its appeal to fear, it is lowering to human dignity. |
| Felix Adler | Death | It is written that the last enemy to be vanquished is death. We should begin early in life to vanquish this enemy by obliterating every trace of the fear of death from our minds. Then can we turn to life and fill the whole horizon of our souls with it, turn with added zest to all the serious tasks which it imposes and to the pure delights which here and there it affords. |
| Cicero | Death | Some men make a womanish complaint that it is a great misfortune to die before our time. I would ask what time? Is it that of Nature? But she, indeed, has lent us life, as we do a sum of money, only no certain day is fixed for payment. What reason then to complain if she demands it at pleasure, since it was on this condition that you received it. |
| Julius Caesar | Death | With regard to their actual course of studies, the main object of all education is, in their opinion, to imbue their scholars with a firm belief in the indestructibility of the human soul, which, according to their belief, merely passes at death from one tenement to another; for by such doctrine alone, they say, which robs death of all its terrors, can the highest form of human courage be developed |
| Albert Barnes | Death | When we come to die, we shall be alone. From all our worldly possessions we shall be about to part. Worldly friends — the friends drawn to us by our position, our wealth, or our social qualities, — will leave us as we enter the dark valley. From those bound to us by stronger ties — our kindred, our loved ones, children, brothers, sisters, and from those not less dear to us who have been made our friends because they and we are the friends of the same Saviour, — from them also we must part. Yet not all will leave us. There is One who “sticketh closer than a brother” — One who having loved His own which are in the world loves them to the end. |
| Alice Bailey | Death | I speak about Death as one who knows… There is no death. There is… entrance into fuller life. There is freedom from the handicaps of the fleshly vehicle. The rending process so much dreaded does not exist, except in the cases of violent and of sudden death, and then the only true disagreeables are an instant and overwhelming sense of imminent peril and destruction, and something closely approaching an electric shock. No more… For the average good citizen, death is a continuance of the living process in his consciousness and a carrying forward of the interests and tendencies of the life. His consciousness and his sense of awareness are the same and unaltered. He does not sense much difference, is well taken care of, and oft is unaware that he has passed through the episode of death. For the wicked and cruelly selfish, for the criminal and for those few who live for the material side only, there eventuates that condition which we call “earth-bound”. The links they have forged with earth and the earthward bias of all their desires, force them to remain close to the earth and their last setting in the earth environment. They seek desperately and by every possible means to re-contact it and to re-enter. In a few cases, great personal love for those left behind or the non-fulfilment of a recognised and urgent duty, holds the good and beautiful in a somewhat similar condition. |
| George S. Merriam | Death | No man who is fit to live need tear to die. Poor, timorous, faithless souls that we are! How we shall smile at our vain alarms when the worst has happened! To us here, death is the most terrible thing we know. But when we have tasted its reality, it will mean to us birth, deliverance, a new creation of ourselves. It will be what health is to the sick man. It will be what home is to the exile. It will be what the loved one given - back is to the bereaved. As we draw near to it, a solemn gladness should fill our hearts. It is God’s great morning lighting up the sky. Our fears are the terror of children in the night. The night with its terrors, its darkness, its feverish dreams, is passing away; and when we awake, it will be into the sunlight of God. |
For each quote, we have listed the author, the text that we have analyzed and the page on Wikiquote.
ANNEXES: Dictionary used to assess ideas and result of topic modeling
Our dictionary used to assess the ideasDictionary object with 7 key entries.
- [Fear]:
- fear, afraid, terror, danger, threat
- [Unemployment]:
- unemployed, unemployment, jobless, social support, economy, economic, market, money
- [Courage]:
- courage, audacity, boldness, bold, bravehood, brave, braveness, bravey, daring, dare, fearlessness, fearless, grit, nerve, valour, mighty
- [Endurance]:
- endur*, strength, strong, resiliance, resist*
- [Crisis]:
- crisis, crisis, crises
- [Solitude]:
- solitude, alone*, isolate, secluded, solitary, isolation
[ reached max_nkey ... 1 more key ]| Topic 1 | Topic 2 | Topic 3 |
|---|---|---|
| fear | world | death |
| human | without | alon |
| great | must | live |
The dictionary allows to count the frequency of each word in the text and to give a score to each quote.
ANNEXES: Example of quotes
| Seed | Quote.Cluster.1 | Quote.Cluster.2 | Quote.Cluster.3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | In any age courage is the simple virtue needed for a human being to traverse the rocky road from infancy to maturity of personality. But in an age of anxiety, an age of herd morality and personal isolation, courage is a sine qua non. In periods when the mores of the society were more consistent guides, the individual was more firmly cushioned in his crises of development; but in times of transition like ours, the individual is thrown on his own at an earlier age and for a longer period | Our work for peace must begin within the private world of each one of us. To build for man a world without fear, we must be without fear. To build a world of justice, we must be just. And how can we fight for liberty if we are not free in our own minds? How can we ask others to sacrifice if we are not ready to do so?… Only in true surrender to the interest of all can we reach that strength and independence, that unity of purpose, that equity of judgment which are necessary if we are to measure up to our duty to the future, as men of a generation to whom the chance was given to build in time a world of peace. | My feeling is that as far as creativity is concerned, isolation is required. The creative person is, in any case, continually working at it. His mind is shuffling his information at all times, even when he is not conscious of it. The presence of others can only inhibit this process, since creation is embarrassing. For every new good idea you have, there are a hundred, ten thousand foolish ones, which you naturally do not care to display. |
| 72 | Christianity offers reasons for not fearing death or the universe, and in so doing it fails to teach adequately the virtue of courage. The craving for religious faith being largely an outcome of fear, the advocates of faith tend to think that certain kinds of fear are not to be deprecated. In this, to my mind, they are gravely mistaken. To allow oneself to entertain pleasant beliefs as a means of avoiding fear is not to live in the best way. In so far as religion makes its appeal to fear, it is lowering to human dignity. | A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. Ideas have endurance without death. | Our crises show us the ways in which our institutions have betrayed nature. We have equated the good life with material consumption, we have dehumanized work and made it needlessly competitive, we are uneasy about our capacities for learning and teaching. Wildly expensive medical care has made little advance against chronic and catastrophic illness while becoming steadily more impersonal, more intrusive. Our government is complex and unresponsive, our social support system is breaking at every stress point. The potential for rescue at this time of crisis is neither luck, coincidence, nor wishful thinking. Armed with a more sophisticated understanding of how change occurs, we know that the very forces that have brought us to planetary brinksmanship carry in them the seeds of renewal. The current disequilibrium— personal and social—foreshadows a new kind of society. Roles, relationships, institutions, and old ideas are being reexamined, reformulated, redesigned. |
| 4 | As the egoic mode of consciousness and all the social, political, and economic structures that it created enter the final stage of collapse, the relationships between men and women reflect the deep state of crisis in which humanity now finds itself. As humans have become increasingly identified with their mind, most relationships are not rooted in Being and so turn into a source of pain and become dominated by problems and conflict. | Our work for peace must begin within the private world of each one of us. To build for man a world without fear, we must be without fear. To build a world of justice, we must be just. And how can we fight for liberty if we are not free in our own minds? How can we ask others to sacrifice if we are not ready to do so?… Only in true surrender to the interest of all can we reach that strength and independence, that unity of purpose, that equity of judgment which are necessary if we are to measure up to our duty to the future, as men of a generation to whom the chance was given to build in time a world of peace. | Our crises show us the ways in which our institutions have betrayed nature. We have equated the good life with material consumption, we have dehumanized work and made it needlessly competitive, we are uneasy about our capacities for learning and teaching. Wildly expensive medical care has made little advance against chronic and catastrophic illness while becoming steadily more impersonal, more intrusive. Our government is complex and unresponsive, our social support system is breaking at every stress point. The potential for rescue at this time of crisis is neither luck, coincidence, nor wishful thinking. Armed with a more sophisticated understanding of how change occurs, we know that the very forces that have brought us to planetary brinksmanship carry in them the seeds of renewal. The current disequilibrium— personal and social—foreshadows a new kind of society. Roles, relationships, institutions, and old ideas are being reexamined, reformulated, redesigned. |
| 18 | In any age courage is the simple virtue needed for a human being to traverse the rocky road from infancy to maturity of personality. But in an age of anxiety, an age of herd morality and personal isolation, courage is a sine qua non. In periods when the mores of the society were more consistent guides, the individual was more firmly cushioned in his crises of development; but in times of transition like ours, the individual is thrown on his own at an earlier age and for a longer period | The coming [major, game changing] stock market crash will inevitably cause much unemployment. This will lead to a complete change of government priorities: the supplying of adequate food, shelter, health-care and education will become paramount responsibilities of all forward looking nations. The waste of resources as today, in armaments and competitive practices, will cease. A rational and sustainable economic structure based on sufficiency will become the norm. Leisure will be the natural by-product of such a structure | And the people stayed home. And read books, and listened, and rested, and exercised, and made art, and played games, and learned new ways of being, and were still. And listened more deeply. Some meditated, some prayed, some danced. Some met their shadows. And the people began to think differently. And the people healed. And, in the absence of people living in ignorant, dangerous, mindless, and heartless ways, the earth began to heal. And when the danger passed, and the people joined together again, they grieved their losses, and made new choices, and dreamed new images, and created new ways to live and heal the earth fully, as they had been healed.†|
| 39 | True courage…has so little to do with Anger, that there lies always the strongest Suspicion against it, where this Passion is highest. The true Courage is the cool and calm. The bravest of Men have the least of a brutal bullying Insolence; and in the very time of Danger are found the most serene, pleasant, and free. Rage, we know, can make a Coward forget himself and fight. But what is done in Fury, or Anger, can never be plac’d to the account of Courage. | Our work for peace must begin within the private world of each one of us. To build for man a world without fear, we must be without fear. To build a world of justice, we must be just. And how can we fight for liberty if we are not free in our own minds? How can we ask others to sacrifice if we are not ready to do so?… Only in true surrender to the interest of all can we reach that strength and independence, that unity of purpose, that equity of judgment which are necessary if we are to measure up to our duty to the future, as men of a generation to whom the chance was given to build in time a world of peace. | A man is born alone and dies alone; and he experiences the good and bad consequences of his karma alone; and he goes alone to hell or the Supreme abode. |
| 40 | Courage, the highest gift, that scorns to bend To mean devices for a sordid end. Courage—an independent spark from Heaven’s bright throne, By which the soul stands raised, triumphant high, alone. Great in itself, not praises of the crowd, Above all vice, it stoops not to be proud. Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above, By which those great in war, are great in love. The spring of all brave acts is seated here, As falsehoods draw their sordid birth from fear | To those human beings who are of any concern to me I wish suffering, desolation, sickness, ill-treatment, indignities—I wish that they should not remain unfamiliar with profound self-contempt, the torture of self-mistrust, the wretchedness of the vanquished: I have no pity for them, because I wish them the only thing that can prove today whether one is worth anything or not—that one endures. | Alone each heart must cover up its dead; Alone, through bitter toil, achieve its rest. |
WIKISURVEY Part 1: The data
| Which.do.you.think.is.better.for.creating.a.greener..greater.New.York.City. | Score..0…100.. |
|---|---|
| Continue enhancing bike lane network, to finally connect separated bike lane systems to each other across all five boroughs. | 63 |
| Create a network of protected bike paths throughout the entire city | 63 |
| Promote cycling by installing safe bike lanes | 62 |
| Require all big buildings to make certain energy efficiency upgrades | 61 |
| Promote the use of solar energy using the latest technology on all high-rise buildings. | 61 |
| Utilize NYC Rooftops to install Solar PV panels | 61 |
| Which.action.do.you.think.the.community.should.prioritize.to.reduce.energy.use.and.greenhouse.gas.emissions. | Score..0…100.. |
|---|---|
| Support micro grid neighbourhood energy sharing (e.g., heating, solar, wind) | 70 |
| Improve public transit infrastructure | 68 |
| Develop solar/wind farms | 67 |
| Support local food availability | 67 |
| Develop neighbourhood energy plans (addressing how energy can be saved and/or generated at the neighbourhood level) | 62 |
| Expand the landfill gas collection system to reduce the gas impact on climate change by about 30X | 61 |
Wikisurvey allows participants to share ideas and collect feedbacks.
The data of this idea competition can be found at this link.
As we can see, the maximum score is below 70. Hence, we normalize the data to obtain scores between 0 and 1.
WIKISURVEY Part 2: Dominant words in winning and loosing ideas
NULL
WIKISURVEY Part 3: Dominant topics in winning and loosing ideas
NULL
We have asked the system to create 32 topics.
As we can see, ideas in each topic have received good and bad scores. Hence, the difference of scores between topics in not statistically significant. Nonetheless, there are some topics that are associated to higher scores.
Ideas with high scores talk about Bike (topics 20 and 27) and community (topics 1, 12, 29).
Ideas with high scores talk about price (topics 5 and 10) and street/sidewalk (topics 13, 17).
WIKISURVEY Part 5: Can we predict the score of an idea ?
# A tibble: 4 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy multiclass 0.409
2 kap multiclass 0.0309
3 accuracy multiclass 0.424
4 kap multiclass 0.0860 Truth
Prediction 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.25 0 1 2 2 0
0.5 0 7 5 5 0
0.75 1 4 17 21 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 Truth
Prediction 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.25 0 3 5 2 0
0.5 1 7 5 6 0
0.75 0 2 14 20 1
1 0 0 0 0 0# A tibble: 3 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 rmse standard 0.176
2 rsq standard 0.148
3 mae standard 0.140WIKISURVEY Part 6: Can the model made for competition 01 predicts the score of ideas in competition 02 ?
# A tibble: 2 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy multiclass 0.405
2 kap multiclass 0.0132
Truth
Prediction 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.25 0 0 0 0 0
0.5 0 1 3 3 0
0.75 2 3 12 14 4
1 0 0 0 0 0By following the KDD method, we execute five steps:
- Step 01: We collect the data from competition 02. A sample of the data is shown here.
| Which.action.do.you.think.the.community.should.prioritize.to.reduce.energy.use.and.greenhouse.gas.emissions. | Score..0…100.. | NA. |
|---|---|---|
| Support micro grid neighbourhood energy sharing (e.g., heating, solar, wind) | 70 | NA |
| Improve public transit infrastructure | 68 | NA |
| Develop solar/wind farms | 67 | NA |
Step 02: We pre-process the data by converting the ideas into a corpus and the a document frequency matrix
Step 03: We manipulate the data, by using the ideas from competition 01 as training set and the ideas from competition 02 as testing set.
Step 04: We use a random forest algorithm to predict the score of the ideas in competition 02.
Step 05: We illustrate the results, which shows a precision of about 40%.
STEP 00: Injecting new ideas of Competition 01 in Competition 02
# A tibble: 32 x 2
Topic Shift
<fct> <dbl>
1 1 0.167
2 2 0.0278
3 3 -0.0833
4 4 0.0556
5 5 0.0278
6 6 0.156
7 7 0.025
8 8 0.0417
9 9 0.0312
10 10 -0.0625
# ... with 22 more rows
# A tibble: 2 x 3
.metric .estimator .estimate
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 accuracy multiclass 0.8
2 kap multiclass 0.655
Truth
Prediction 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.25 0 0 0 0 0
0.5 1 0 3 0 0
0.75 0 0 0 5 1
1 0 0 0 0 0Here we assess if competitions on similar topics might have same scoring criteria.
If similar competitions have similar criteria, that would support the idea of a scoring software as a decision support system.
WIKISURVEY Part 7: How would the idea of the first competition score in the second competition ? (cheatstorming)
The problem come from the predictions of C2: 0.5 or 0.75
Here we test the notion of cheatstorming: taking ideas from one competition and using them in another one.
Since the competition already took place, we cannot know for sure the score of the new ideas.
This is what we are going to do to guess it: - we build a model to predict the scores of the competition 02 - we test if the model is realiable for competition 02 - we give a score for ideas of competition 01, by using the model for competition 02