In support of Governor Inslee’s “Stay Home, Stay Healthy” emergency order, WSDOT moved to widespread and full-time telework in March of 2020. To better understand the effects and determine opportunities to improve teleworking, WSDOT conducted an agency-wide survey from April 15-24, 2020. More than 50 percent of staff responded (Survey PDF)1.
This report contains the following:
For more information, please contact Michael Wandler at Michael.Wandler@wsdot.wa.gov or Christie Stelzig at Christie.Stelzig@wsdot.wa.gov.
“Telework is an essential component of building a more resilient workplace. This experience is definitely teaching us that fact. I have challenged our department to use this time as an opportunity to embrace telework. That is, to become better supervisors and managers of a remote workforce, and to become better remote workers. I also hope that many of the myths and misconceptions around telework will be dispelled. Telework may not be for everyone and many aren’t eligible, but for those of us that can telework and support teleworkers, we need to embrace and move it forward for workforce development to become an employer of choice with a modern work environment.”
“This [seems to be] a cost effective way to do business; it lowers the number of cars on the roadways thereby reducing carbon into our atmosphere, saves on building space and electricity, and creates an atmosphere of trust with employees.”
Before the pandemic, 75 percent of respondents worked primarily in an office and 25 percent were primarily field-based.
More than 50 percent of respondents experienced a change to their tasks during the pandemic. This includes people whose duties changed to accommodate working from home and others who pivoted to support pandemic-related work.
Whereas 63 percent of respondents had never teleworked before the pandemic, survey participants indicated that WSDOT was able to convert more than 93 percent of respondents’ positions to telework assignments.
While productivity increased or decreased for individual respondents, the overall amount of productivity remained the same.
“I work in the central sign shop as a fabricator, I obviously can’t make signs at home but I have enjoyed the opportunity to do on-line training as well as some focus on home and family, I’m 67 and I appreciate the opportunity to be able to stay home and safe from this virus”
“Initially, I was concerned that I would have to make a huge adjustment to the change, but I feel that I have been more productive working from home. I think a hybrid schedule option would be beneficial to WSDOT and its users.”
The most commonly selected factors were:
“I have had occasional connectivity issues for data, but it generally has been very good and reliable. My teleworking has been far more productive than I had anticipated and I feel very satisfied that I am making a positive contribution to our agency.”
“Totally eye opening experience. Use of the technology to connect with others has been outstanding. Still learning the tools, but doing very well.”
“…As time goes on, it’s becoming more comfortable, and much easier to develop routines and work-arounds…”
“I assumed I would not enjoy teleworking but it turns out that I am more focused, productive, and love it. It’s a win-win for me and the department.”
“…I appreciate the opportunity [to telework] and I believe that I am getting more done due to the peace and quiet. No interruptions.”
“I wished our office had let us do this sooner. It saves me time stuck in traffic every day. I feel productive and I love the fact I don’t get the interruptions that sometimes come from small chat in the office setting.”
“…The ability to telework has eliminated that stressful experience of commuting and has lowered my stress level to where I am refreshed and more energized start to finish.”
The most commonly selected factors were:
Additionally the lowest ranked barrier was “lack of supervisor support” (less than 4%). Literature before the pandemic suggests that support from leadership contributes to a successful telework program2,3.
“Going from 2 big monitors to a small screen laptop has been the biggest challenge for me. Sometimes I have to have multiple applications open at the same time and have to navigate through them, instead of being to see them all at once. Not being able to print and file documents has been another challenge…”
“Having WSDOT provided computer equipment has been very helpful/essential. My ergonomics would be better with my work chair and sit/stand desk extension (placed on top of a normal desk). I have heard from others that they have had struggles with not having the right equipment at home or internet issues…”
“The biggest issue has been with VPN and accessing large files on the network. This has been getting better overtime though.”
“One of the biggest challenges is loss of access to printing. In the office, I would often print a document to rapidly mark it up and highlight relevant material. This frees up my monitors for reference material and developing CAD files and calculations…”
“Part of going to work is for my social interaction and I miss that. It is also harder to explain things without being in person to point to things or draw pictures or print things out. Body language is lacking and is definitely part of communication.”
“This current telework is different as we have several people in our household all teleworking where under normal conditions, that would not be the case. Having enough space at home has been an issue.”
Despite considerable challenges, more than 70 percent of respondents were somewhat or very satisfied with teleworking.
“Telework has given us the time to become more familiar with the resources available to our team. To allow us to use state provided tools to obtain more knowledge and become more efficient with them. I believe we will all gain something positive through this opportunity.”
“…Overall my telework experience has been pleasant, and as a manager I think I will allow my direct reports to telework more in the future if they choose.”
We received 1,441 open response comments (40 percent of respondents). Staff reviewed these comments and discovered the majority of them fell into one of four categories. The quotations below represent the most common themes and viewpoints.
“I have never telework(ed) before - I was surprised how effective it can be with the right tools…”
“I am hoping this experience will open the door for more teleworking opportunities in the future when we get back to our ‘New Normal’.”
“I enjoy the ability to telework. I am disappointed that I don’t enjoy it as much as I thought I would. I think going from zero to one hundred didn’t help that. I think in the future the ability to telework would be beneficial, just not all the time. Maybe a few times a month to once or twice a week.”
“I’ve teleworked before with little to no issues. I think it’s more difficult to evaluate my productivity now, because I feel the biggest impact to my productivity is my mental health. I live alone, so the isolation, combined with the anxiety around the pandemic has been incredibly stressful. In general, I’ve been able to keep up with my work, but there are some days where the stress of the current crisis makes it incredibly difficult to get work done.”
“The biggest issue is that I need a more comfortable chair at home and my monitor is a bit too small…”
“I work way more hours than I do in the office (sometimes 5 more on top of a work day). I already put in a lot of extra time for work, but I have a hard time putting it away when it’s at home.”
“My group has been checking in each morning via Microsoft Teams. It has been very beneficial in staying connected as a group. I encourage IT to continue [to] add additional functionality to Teams.”
“…Connectivity is the great and most disruptive issue myself and my coworkers have dealt with. There are time when working in InRoads/MicroStation that the network connection gets so bad and then disconnects, that it will shut down InRoads and permanently lock down files…”
“I was unable to hook up to my printer and do not have a scanner. These are critical to my coordinating with agencies.”
“Workplace interruptions have been taken place by network interruptions, but I feel more productive at home than at work.”
“As a Highway Maintenance Worker, I see a lot of things that need attention on the highways that require a team to repair. It’s very disheartening to see things that need done, while I am unable to work with a team to address these needs. (i.e. vegetation control, guardrail repairs, etc.).”
“My position is field engineer, while I am keeping busy with office type work I feel we are not getting our field projects done and it concerns me what the cost will be in the future.”
“Knowledge is power. This time frame we are in gives us the opportunity to dig in and study our manuals on maintenance and safety and to stay abreast of our duties and responsibilities and changes to our organization in this time frame we are in. I also enjoy sharing info with the crew to help us in our quest to help further our skills on the road we are on.”
“My actual teleworking experience is going well but the demands due to school closures changes that experience dramatically.”
“I have 2 children home schooling now. I am working some untraditional hours. Great support from Management.”
“Teleworking has gone well, homeschooling children due to school closure has provided the most difficult challenge. I have had to work later into the evenings to compensate.”
We analyzed productivity and satisfaction responses to see if there were trends or relationships (correlations) that might be of interest.
These were the factors most commonly associated with respondents who indicated high levels of both productivity and satisfaction (in descending order):
These were the factors most commonly associated with respondents who indicated low levels of both productivity and satisfaction (in descending order):
Productivity and satisfaction were similar among respondents who used a personal device or had a WSDOT-owned device.
Respondents who experienced connectivity issues had lower levels of productivity and satisfaction, as compared to their counterparts who didn’t list internet connectivity as a barrier.
Respondents who were office workers had higher levels of productivity and satisfaction, as compared to respondents who were field-based.
Because there were so many respondents new to telework, we further examined the productivity and satisfaction levels of the 84 percent of them who reported that they had never or rarely teleworked before the pandemic split into office and field workers.
| Division | Same or more productive AND same or more satisfied | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Eastern Region | 89 | 49% |
| North Central Region | 51 | 47% |
| Northwest Region | 261 | 59% |
| Olympic Region | 211 | 54% |
| South Central Region | 118 | 50% |
| Southwest Region | 98 | 53% |
Common productivity boosters for satisfied, productive respondents included fewer workday interruptions and a comfortable environment while common barriers that were citied included the work station not being as functional and lack of social connections.
We also investigated the opposite: were there any respondents who regularly teleworked before COVID-19 that were less satisfied and less productive?
We found only eight respondents (less than one percent of survey participants) who regularly teleworked before COVID-19 who were less satisfied and less productive.
| Region | No change | Less than 50 percent | More than 50 percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 31 | 37 | 32 |
| North Central | 31 | 36 | 32 |
| Northwest | 47 | 29 | 25 |
| Olympic | 34 | 29 | 37 |
| South Central | 31 | 31 | 38 |
| Southwest | 38 | 34 | 29 |
| WSDOT | 37 | 31 | 32 |
| Region | Never | Rarely | Often | Usually |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 81 | 14 | 3 | 2 |
| North Central | 85 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| Northwest | 73 | 19 | 7 | 2 |
| Olympic | 80 | 10 | 9 | 1 |
| South Central | 81 | 11 | 8 | 1 |
| Southwest | 68 | 20 | 11 | 1 |
| WSDOT | 77 | 14 | 8 | 1 |
| Region | Telework | Non-telework | Took leave |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 91 | 8 | 2 |
| North Central | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| Northwest | 92 | 6 | 1 |
| Olympic | 94 | 5 | 2 |
| South Central | 93 | 5 | 2 |
| Southwest | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| WSDOT | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| Region | Much more productive than before | Somewhat more productive than before | About the same | Somewhat less productive than before | Much less productive than before |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 9 | 12 | 39 | 27 | 13 |
| North Central | 6 | 13 | 42 | 29 | 10 |
| Northwest | 12 | 17 | 43 | 22 | 6 |
| Olympic | 8 | 16 | 43 | 26 | 6 |
| South Central | 8 | 17 | 38 | 29 | 8 |
| Southwest | 8 | 15 | 45 | 26 | 8 |
| WSDOT | 9 | 16 | 42 | 25 | 8 |
| Region | Very satisfied | Somewhat satisfied | Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | Somewhat dissatisfied | Very dissatisfied | I did not telework |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 30 | 27 | 27 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| North Central | 29 | 29 | 29 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| Northwest | 41 | 31 | 17 | 8 | 1 | 2 |
| Olympic | 37 | 31 | 21 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| South Central | 31 | 28 | 26 | 8 | 4 | 3 |
| Southwest | 39 | 34 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 3 |
| WSDOT | 36 | 30 | 22 | 7 | 2 | 3 |
WSDOT conducted an agency-wide survey from April 15th-24th, 2020. We received 3,603 responses from approximately 7,000 employees. While this response rate would indicate very high statistical representation if collected at random, it is likely that the numbers underrepresent people who are still working in the field, specifically Washington State Ferries employees.
Of the 12 questions, four were multiple choice, multiple response. For these questions, percents may not add up to 100% because respondents could choose all that apply.
We received over 1,500 open response comments. After we removed n/a, none, org code entries, we reviewed and categorized the remaining 1,441 comments.
We conducted additional analysis and cross-tabulations focused on understanding productivity and satisfaction in greater detail. When we investigated respondents new to telework, we look at those who responded never or rarely teleworked previously that had a valid organization code and more than 10 responses by organization code. For the by region breakdowns, we included all respondents with a valid region organization code. Some division results are available. Please contact Michael Wandler at Michael.Wandler@wsdot.wa.gov to request some by division data.
Even though a response rate of 52 percent is very high for a population of 7,000, we believe there was a minor self-selection bias. Response rates were low for Washington State Ferries employees. Many Washington State Ferries employees work in the field and don’t have convenient access to computers. The overall effect of this self-selection bias on the survey numbers is minimal. Results might move a few percentage points if this group had responded to the survey in greater numbers. The overall trends shown in the data are accurate.↩
Bae, K., Lee, D., and Sohn, H. 2019. How to increase participation in US federal agencies: Examining the effects of being a female supervisor, supportive leadership, and diversity management. Public Personnel Management, 48(4):565—583.↩
Choi, S. 2019. Flexible work arrangements and employee retention: A longitudinal analysis of the federal workforce. Public Personnel Management, 1—26.↩
WSDOT’s Chart of Accounts was used to determine the grouping and names for organizational codes. Groups were included if there were at least 15 respondents.↩