4/13exercisr2、3、4、5

Doll (1955) showed per capita consumption of cigarettes in 11 countries in 1930, and the death rates from lung cancer for men in 1950. Use R base graphics to generate the plot shown below. Source: Freedman, et al. (1997). Statistics. pp. 148-150.

Column 1: Country names Column 2: Cigarettes consumption (per million) Column 3: Death rate (per capita)

loading data and check data structure, display first 6 rows of data

dta<-read.table("/Users/fightk/Desktop/cigarettes.txt", header=T)
str(dta)

## 'data.frame':    11 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ Country    : Factor w/ 11 levels "Australia","Canada",..: 1 2 3 4 10 5 6 7 8 9 ...
##  $ consumption: int  480 500 380 1100 1100 230 490 250 300 510 ...
##  $ death      : int  180 150 170 350 460 60 240 90 110 250 ...

list(dta)

## [[1]]
##        Country consumption death
## 1    Australia         480   180
## 2       Canada         500   150
## 3      Denmark         380   170
## 4      Finland        1100   350
## 5           UK        1100   460
## 6      Iceland         230    60
## 7  Netherlands         490   240
## 8       Norway         250    90
## 9       Sweden         300   110
## 10 Switzerland         510   250
## 11         USA        1300   200

with(dta, plot(consumption, death, xlab="Cigarettes consumption (per million)", ylab="Death rate (per capita)", type='n', main='Ling Cancer and Cigarette Consumption'))
abline(lm(death ~ consumption, data=dta), lty=3)
with(dta, text(consumption, death, labels=dta$Country, cex=.5))

In-class exercise 3.

Use R base graphics to create the national flag of Denmark.

op <- par(bg="aliceblue")
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim=c(1, 34), 
            ylim=c(1, 28))
abline(h=seq(1, 1, 1), lty=3, 
       col='white')

title(main='flag of Denmark')
rect(0, 0, 12, 12, col="red", 
     border="white")
rect(16, 0, 34, 12, col="red", 
     border="white")
rect(0, 16, 12, 28, col="red", 
     border="white")
rect(16, 16, 34, 28, col="red", 
     border="white")
segments(0, 0, 0, 28)
segments(0, 0, 34, 0)
segments(34, 0, 34, 28)
segments(0, 28, 34, 28)

## In-class exercise 4

#
n <- 60
t <- seq(0, 2*pi, length=n)
x <- sin(t)
y <- cos(t)
#
par(pty = "s")
#
for (i in 1:n) {
  plot.new()
  plot.window(c(-1, 1), c(-1, 1))
  lines(x*y, -y, col="gray")
  points(x[i]*y[i], -y[i], pch=16,
  col=gray((i-1)/(n+1)))
  Sys.sleep(.05)
} 

### 動畫由60個情節制作,{Sys.sleep}暫停執行時間間隔=0.05

In-class exercise 5

palette(gray(0:50 / 50))
par(mar = c(0, 0, 0, 0))  
par(oma = c(0, 0, 0, 0))  
pie(table(1:50), col = gray(seq(0, 1, by=1/50)))