load paketage and data
library(plyr)## Warning: package 'plyr' was built under R version 3.0.2library(xtable)
gdURL <- "http://www.stat.ubc.ca/~jenny/notOcto/STAT545A/examples/gapminder/data/gapminderDataFiveYear.txt"
gDat <- read.delim(file = gdURL)Get the maximum and minimum of GDP per capita for all continents in a “wide” format.
d1 <- ddply(gDat,~continent,summarize, maxGDPpercap=max(gdpPercap),
minGDPpercap=min(gdpPercap))
d1 <- xtable(d1)
print(d1, type = "html",include.rownames = FALSE)| continent | maxGDPpercap | minGDPpercap |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 21951.21 | 241.17 |
| Americas | 42951.65 | 1201.64 |
| Asia | 113523.13 | 331.00 |
| Europe | 49357.19 | 973.53 |
| Oceania | 34435.37 | 10039.60 |
Look at the spread of GDP per capita within the continents.
d2_sd <- ddply(gDat,~continent,summarize,sd=sd(gdpPercap),var=var(gdpPercap),
mad=mad(gdpPercap),IQR=IQR(gdpPercap))
d2_sd <- arrange(d2_sd, sd)
d2_sd <- xtable(d2_sd)
print(d2_sd, type = "html", include.rownames = FALSE)| continent | sd | var | mad | IQR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 2827.93 | 7997187.31 | 775.32 | 1616.17 |
| Oceania | 6358.98 | 40436668.87 | 6459.10 | 8072.26 |
| Americas | 6396.76 | 40918591.10 | 3269.33 | 4402.43 |
| Europe | 9355.21 | 87520019.60 | 8846.05 | 13248.30 |
| Asia | 14045.37 | 197272505.85 | 2820.83 | 7492.26 |
whether the continents rank similarly w/r/t heterogeneity of GDP/capita by the other measures: No
Compute a trimmed mean of life expectancy for different years,trim level=0.1
d3 <- ddply(gDat,~year,summarize, trimmed_mean=mean(lifeExp,trim=0.1))
d3 <- xtable(d3)
print(d3, type = "html",include.rownames = FALSE)| year | trimmed_mean |
|---|---|
| 1952 | 48.58 |
| 1957 | 51.27 |
| 1962 | 53.58 |
| 1967 | 55.87 |
| 1972 | 58.01 |
| 1977 | 60.10 |
| 1982 | 62.12 |
| 1987 | 63.92 |
| 1992 | 65.19 |
| 1997 | 66.02 |
| 2002 | 66.72 |
| 2007 | 68.11 |
How is life expectancy changing over time on different continents? “Tall” format.
d4 <- ddply(gDat,~continent+year,summarize, mean=mean(lifeExp))
d4 <- xtable(d4)
print(d4,type = "html", include.rownames = FALSE)| continent | year | mean |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 1952 | 39.14 |
| Africa | 1957 | 41.27 |
| Africa | 1962 | 43.32 |
| Africa | 1967 | 45.33 |
| Africa | 1972 | 47.45 |
| Africa | 1977 | 49.58 |
| Africa | 1982 | 51.59 |
| Africa | 1987 | 53.34 |
| Africa | 1992 | 53.63 |
| Africa | 1997 | 53.60 |
| Africa | 2002 | 53.33 |
| Africa | 2007 | 54.81 |
| Americas | 1952 | 53.28 |
| Americas | 1957 | 55.96 |
| Americas | 1962 | 58.40 |
| Americas | 1967 | 60.41 |
| Americas | 1972 | 62.39 |
| Americas | 1977 | 64.39 |
| Americas | 1982 | 66.23 |
| Americas | 1987 | 68.09 |
| Americas | 1992 | 69.57 |
| Americas | 1997 | 71.15 |
| Americas | 2002 | 72.42 |
| Americas | 2007 | 73.61 |
| Asia | 1952 | 46.31 |
| Asia | 1957 | 49.32 |
| Asia | 1962 | 51.56 |
| Asia | 1967 | 54.66 |
| Asia | 1972 | 57.32 |
| Asia | 1977 | 59.61 |
| Asia | 1982 | 62.62 |
| Asia | 1987 | 64.85 |
| Asia | 1992 | 66.54 |
| Asia | 1997 | 68.02 |
| Asia | 2002 | 69.23 |
| Asia | 2007 | 70.73 |
| Europe | 1952 | 64.41 |
| Europe | 1957 | 66.70 |
| Europe | 1962 | 68.54 |
| Europe | 1967 | 69.74 |
| Europe | 1972 | 70.78 |
| Europe | 1977 | 71.94 |
| Europe | 1982 | 72.81 |
| Europe | 1987 | 73.64 |
| Europe | 1992 | 74.44 |
| Europe | 1997 | 75.51 |
| Europe | 2002 | 76.70 |
| Europe | 2007 | 77.65 |
| Oceania | 1952 | 69.25 |
| Oceania | 1957 | 70.30 |
| Oceania | 1962 | 71.09 |
| Oceania | 1967 | 71.31 |
| Oceania | 1972 | 71.91 |
| Oceania | 1977 | 72.85 |
| Oceania | 1982 | 74.29 |
| Oceania | 1987 | 75.32 |
| Oceania | 1992 | 76.94 |
| Oceania | 1997 | 78.19 |
| Oceania | 2002 | 79.74 |
| Oceania | 2007 | 80.72 |