0413 in class exercise 2, 5

In class exercise 2

Doll (1955) showed per capita consumption of cigarettes in 11 countries in 1930, and the death rates from lung cancer for men in 1950. Use R base graphics to generate the plot shown below. Source: Freedman, et al. (1997). Statistics. pp. 148-150.

Column 1: Country names Column 2: Cigarettes consumption (per million) Column 3: Death rate (per capita)

loading data and check data structure, display first 6 rows of data

dta<-read.table("C:/Users/user/Desktop/cigarettes.txt", header=T)
str(dta)

'data.frame':   11 obs. of  3 variables:
 $ Country    : Factor w/ 11 levels "Australia","Canada",..: 1 2 3 4 10 5 6 7 8 9 ...
 $ consumption: int  480 500 380 1100 1100 230 490 250 300 510 ...
 $ death      : int  180 150 170 350 460 60 240 90 110 250 ...

head(dta)

    Country consumption death
1 Australia         480   180
2    Canada         500   150
3   Denmark         380   170
4   Finland        1100   350
5        UK        1100   460
6   Iceland         230    60

plot

plot(dta$death~dta$consumption, type="n",
     main="Lung Cancer and Cigaratte Consumption",
     ylab="Death rate (per million)", 
     xlab="Consumption (per capital per year)",
     xlim=c(200, 1200))
    abline(v=seq(200, 1200, by=200), col="lightgray", lty=2)
    abline(h=seq(100, 400, by=100), col="lightgray", lty=2)
    abline(lm(death~consumption, data=dta), lty=2)
    text(death ~consumption, labels=Country,data=dta, cex=0.8, font=1.8)

In class exercise 5

Draw a pie chart to represent 50 shades of gray. Hint: Use ‘?gray’ to examine the gray level specification documented for the gray{grDevices}. Use ‘?pie’ to study the function for making pie charts documented for pie{graphics}

par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
col_gray<-rep(1:50)
labels<-as.matrix(gray(0:50/50))

pie(col_gray, 
    col=gray(0:50/50),
    labels = labels, radius=0.7, cex=0.15, clockwise = TRUE) # labels will overlap, hence I use sample to show partial labels

legend(
   x = -1.8, 
   y = 1, 
   inset = .05, 
   title = "50 shade of gray", 
   legend = labels, 
   fill = gray(0:50/50),  
   horiz = FALSE,
   cex = 0.6, 
   text.width = 0.2, ncol=3
 )