By: Layla Quinones, extended by Angel Claudio

Date: 03/12/2020

Note: tidyverse, Rcurl, kableExtra, colorBrewer, and rmdformats used.

I. Abstract

ggplot2 is a ubiquitous library that allows you to easily visualize data and explain patterns in data to people who are not necessarily familiar with the technical aspect of data analysis. Visualizations made with ggplot2 are easy to understand and construct thanks to an API that allows visualizations to be “built” via layering of graphics and other visual elements. In this document we explore the a few ways we can construct bar charts to visualize categorical data, specifically using geom_col(). All other functions of ggplot2 can be found at this reference link.

II. About the Data

The data that I chose for this presentation provides information about the Incomes of U.S. Workers by Occupation and Gender. This data-set really appealed to me because I have heard some debate about the topic of gender and unequal pay, and I wanted to motivate data analysis and visualization so that it is easy for skeptics to interpret.

The following variables are included:

Occupation: Job title as given from BLS. Industry summaries are given in ALL CAPS.

All_workers: Number of workers male and female, in thousands.

All_weekly: Median weekly income including male and female workers, in USD.

M_workers: Number of male workers, in thousands.

M_weekly: Median weekly income for male workers, in USD.

F_workers: Number of female workers, in thousands.

F_weekly: Median weekly income for female workers, in USD.

DATASET SOURCE: Kaggle.com

Load the Data

Occupation All_workers All_weekly M_workers M_weekly F_workers F_weekly
ALL OCCUPATIONS 109080 809 60746 895 48334 726
MANAGEMENT 12480 1351 7332 1486 5147 1139
Chief executives 1046 2041 763 2251 283 1836
General and operations managers 823 1260 621 1347 202 1002
Legislators 8 Na 5 Na 4 Na
Advertising and promotions managers 55 1050 29 Na 26 Na
Marketing and sales managers 948 1462 570 1603 378 1258
Public relations and fundraising managers 59 1557 24 Na 35 Na
Administrative services managers 170 1191 96 1451 73 981
Computer and information systems managers 636 1728 466 1817 169 1563
Financial managers 1124 1408 551 1732 573 1130
Compensation and benefits managers 23 Na 7 Na 16 Na
Human resources managers 254 1365 68 1495 186 1274
Training and development managers 37 Na 17 Na 20 Na
Industrial production managers 267 1485 221 1528 45 Na
Purchasing managers 193 1348 109 1404 84 1226
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 276 966 224 1006 52 749
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers 129 769 106 847 23 Na
Construction managers 471 1329 429 1357 42 Na
Education administrators 778 1423 282 1585 496 1252
Architectural and engineering managers 110 1899 101 1892 10 Na
Food service managers 763 742 389 820 374 680
Funeral service managers 13 Na 10 Na 2 Na
Gaming managers 19 Na 13 Na 6 Na
Lodging managers 123 985 54 1171 68 902
Medical and health services managers 592 1210 154 1422 438 1156
Natural sciences managers 24 Na 11 Na 13 Na
Postmasters and mail superintendents 20 Na 10 Na 10 Na
Property, real estate, and community association managers 401 914 171 1137 230 823
Social and community service managers 305 1022 105 1142 200 965
Emergency management directors 9 Na 6 Na 3 Na
Managers, all other 2803 1408 1717 1525 1085 1213
BUSINESS 5942 1137 2686 1327 3256 1004
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 27 Na 13 Na 14 Na
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products 11 Na 9 Na 2 Na
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 142 926 73 886 69 985
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 260 1009 136 1020 124 986
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators 317 963 141 1134 176 824
Compliance officers 235 1198 126 1375 109 1025
Cost estimators 95 1232 83 1264 12 Na
Human resources workers 592 1002 151 1158 441 984
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 63 998 12 Na 50 898
Training and development specialists 107 990 42 Na 65 1037
Logisticians 111 1028 66 1075 44 Na
Management analysts 529 1431 291 1519 237 1348
Meeting, convention, and event planners 117 859 27 Na 90 840
Fundraisers 62 1136 14 Na 48 Na
Market research analysts and marketing specialists 203 1284 85 1411 118 1239
Business operations specialists, all other 186 1090 74 1461 112 969
Accountants and auditors 1464 1132 618 1345 846 988
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 42 Na 21 Na 21 Na
Budget analysts 44 Na 17 Na 28 Na
Credit analysts 17 Na 8 Na 9 Na
Financial analysts 295 1426 168 1680 127 1171
Personal financial advisors 407 1419 248 1738 159 1033
Insurance underwriters 106 1149 44 Na 63 956
Financial examiners 17 Na 9 Na 8 Na
Credit counselors and loan officers 313 997 146 1186 166 906
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents 59 1051 20 Na 39 Na
Tax preparers 56 892 19 Na 37 Na
Financial specialists, all other 66 1162 25 Na 40 Na
COMPUTATIONAL 4009 1428 3036 1503 973 1245
Computer and information research scientists 28 Na 23 Na 5 Na
Computer systems analysts 499 1389 325 1462 173 1256
Information security analysts 67 1538 56 1562 11 Na
Computer programmers 450 1438 357 1501 93 1302
Software developers, applications and systems software 1287 1682 1054 1751 232 1415
Web developers 151 1165 98 1233 53 1026
Computer support specialists 396 1079 291 1135 105 908
Database administrators 90 1536 58 1829 32 Na
Network and computer systems administrators 208 1242 179 1266 28 Na
Computer network architects 115 1552 100 1577 15 Na
Computer occupations, all other 490 1227 374 1252 116 1145
Actuaries 24 Na 18 Na 6 Na
Mathematicians 6 Na 6 Na 0 Na
Operations research analysts 122 1441 59 1574 63 1325
Statisticians 76 1275 37 Na 39 Na
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
ENGINEERING 2656 1424 2272 1452 383 1257
Architects, except naval 138 1441 106 1492 31 Na
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 29 Na 23 Na 6 Na
Aerospace engineers 140 1662 122 1668 18 Na
Agricultural engineers 5 Na 5 Na 0 Na
Biomedical engineers 12 Na 10 Na 2 Na
Chemical engineers 79 1532 69 1583 10 Na
Civil engineers 316 1460 275 1474 41 Na
Computer hardware engineers 72 1876 62 1871 10 Na
Electrical and electronics engineers 283 1778 246 1819 37 Na
Environmental engineers 35 Na 26 Na 9 Na
Industrial engineers, including health and safety 205 1447 168 1430 37 Na
Marine engineers and naval architects 9 Na 9 Na 0 Na
Materials engineers 36 Na 33 Na 4 Na
Mechanical engineers 316 1534 294 1550 23 Na
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers 15 Na 15 Na 0 Na
Nuclear engineers 5 Na 3 Na 2 Na
Petroleum engineers 43 Na 39 Na 3 Na
Engineers, all other 393 1527 339 1537 54 1448
Drafters 114 977 91 977 23 Na
Engineering technicians, except drafters 352 963 284 984 68 827
Surveying and mapping technicians 58 1012 54 1031 4 Na
SCIENCE 1176 1206 662 1379 514 1067
Agricultural and food scientists 22 Na 12 Na 10 Na
Biological scientists 74 1233 46 Na 28 Na
Conservation scientists and foresters 23 Na 16 Na 7 Na
Medical scientists 151 1250 68 1362 84 1082
Life scientists, all other 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Astronomers and physicists 14 Na 11 Na 3 Na
Atmospheric and space scientists 8 Na 8 Na 1 Na
Chemists and materials scientists 93 1432 61 1496 33 Na
Environmental scientists and geoscientists 90 1423 65 1740 25 Na
Physical scientists, all other 189 1553 121 1770 68 1170
Economists 29 Na 17 Na 12 Na
Survey researchers 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Psychologists 114 1367 31 Na 83 1189
Sociologists 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Urban and regional planners 22 Na 13 Na 9 Na
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers 37 Na 19 Na 19 Na
Agricultural and food science technicians 28 Na 21 Na 7 Na
Biological technicians 20 Na 10 Na 10 Na
Chemical technicians 75 944 43 Na 32 Na
Geological and petroleum technicians 22 Na 18 Na 4 Na
Nuclear technicians 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Social science research assistants 3 Na 0 Na 3 Na
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians 157 846 79 1001 78 780
SOCIAL SERVICE 2143 889 776 973 1367 845
Counselors 635 904 184 908 451 902
Social workers 677 877 127 943 549 862
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists 85 967 42 Na 43 Na
Social and human service assistants 173 676 23 Na 149 673
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers 92 831 29 Na 63 728
Clergy 376 1002 316 1021 60 924
Directors, religious activities and education 62 929 31 Na 31 Na
Religious workers, all other 44 Na 23 Na 21 Na
LEGAL 1346 1391 624 1877 722 1135
Lawyers 803 1886 503 1914 300 1717
Judicial law clerks 11 Na 1 Na 10 Na
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers 54 1952 33 Na 20 Na
Paralegals and legal assistants 341 927 47 Na 294 910
Miscellaneous legal support workers 136 770 40 Na 97 746
EDUCATION 6884 956 1849 1144 5034 907
Postsecondary teachers 917 1258 516 1405 401 1144
Preschool and kindergarten teachers 517 616 11 Na 506 618
Elementary and middle school teachers 2806 974 543 1077 2262 957
Secondary school teachers 1048 1066 438 1149 610 1006
Special education teachers 297 987 38 Na 258 990
Other teachers and instructors 378 896 179 1024 199 817
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians 38 Na 18 Na 20 Na
Librarians 130 991 27 Na 102 966
Library technicians 18 Na 4 Na 15 Na
Teacher assistants 614 541 48 Na 565 530
Other education, training, and library workers 123 1001 28 Na 95 1031
ARTS 1643 1001 930 1088 713 942
Artists and related workers 58 1166 39 Na 20 Na
Designers 593 993 301 1099 291 918
Actors 12 Na 8 Na 4 Na
Producers and directors 120 1270 67 1340 53 1234
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers 147 780 108 818 39 Na
Dancers and choreographers 11 Na 2 Na 9 Na
Musicians, singers, and related workers 42 Na 33 Na 9 Na
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other 14 Na 11 Na 3 Na
Announcers 25 Na 21 Na 5 Na
News analysts, reporters and correspondents 56 1218 29 Na 27 Na
Public relations specialists 120 1211 49 Na 71 971
Editors 108 1148 58 1205 50 1125
Technical writers 52 1158 22 Na 30 Na
Writers and authors 79 1232 36 Na 42 Na
Miscellaneous media and communication workers 46 Na 16 Na 30 Na
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators 83 954 77 937 7 Na
Photographers 45 Na 24 Na 21 Na
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors 30 Na 28 Na 1 Na
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL 6566 1041 1639 1272 4928 991
Chiropractors 22 Na 15 Na 7 Na
Dentists 59 1656 39 Na 20 Na
Dietitians and nutritionists 79 886 9 Na 69 879
Optometrists 19 Na 6 Na 13 Na
Pharmacists 206 1920 98 2117 108 1811
Physicians and surgeons 740 1824 457 1915 283 1533
Physician assistants 57 1368 17 Na 40 Na
Podiatrists 9 Na 5 Na 4 Na
Audiologists 8 Na 1 Na 6 Na
Occupational therapists 74 1210 10 Na 64 1199
Physical therapists 178 1265 56 1347 123 1215
Radiation therapists 12 Na 5 Na 7 Na
Recreational therapists 6 Na 2 Na 4 Na
Respiratory therapists 99 1000 32 Na 67 937
Speech-language pathologists 108 1147 1 Na 106 1148
Exercise physiologists 3 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Therapists, all other 132 944 31 Na 101 951
Veterinarians 55 1455 16 Na 39 Na
Registered nurses 2382 1116 278 1222 2104 1098
Nurse anesthetists 23 Na 11 Na 12 Na
Nurse midwives 6 Na 0 Na 6 Na
Nurse practitioners 115 1532 11 Na 103 1522
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 2 Na 0 Na 2 Na
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 270 901 69 1089 201 796
Dental hygienists 86 914 6 Na 80 953
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians 253 964 76 1106 177 908
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 175 811 126 899 49 Na
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians 487 636 99 652 389 633
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 508 743 48 Na 459 737
Medical records and health information technicians 174 740 17 Na 157 723
Opticians, dispensing 44 Na 21 Na 23 Na
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians 99 671 32 Na 66 642
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 78 1128 40 Na 38 Na
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT 2395 498 320 577 2074 490
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 1400 467 163 526 1237 457
Occupational therapy assistants and aides 17 Na 4 Na 12 Na
Physical therapist assistants and aides 53 742 18 Na 35 Na
Massage therapists 37 Na 16 Na 22 Na
Dental assistants 188 531 14 Na 175 522
Medical assistants 422 539 35 Na 387 530
Medical transcriptionists 28 Na 3 Na 26 Na
Pharmacy aides 22 Na 4 Na 18 Na
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 21 Na 4 Na 17 Na
Phlebotomists 91 551 15 Na 76 534
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers 115 524 44 Na 71 511
PROTECTIVE SERVICE 2729 796 2181 851 547 655
First-line supervisors of correctional officers 57 856 41 Na 16 Na
First-line supervisors of police and detectives 114 1427 97 1425 17 Na
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers 42 Na 39 Na 3 Na
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other 72 808 56 825 16 Na
Firefighters 260 1033 245 1052 16 Na
Fire inspectors 18 Na 15 Na 3 Na
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers 453 754 341 779 112 686
Detectives and criminal investigators 141 1159 100 1265 41 Na
Fish and game wardens 6 Na 5 Na 1 Na
Parking enforcement workers 9 Na 6 Na 3 Na
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers 655 1002 569 1001 86 1009
Transit and railroad police 3 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Animal control workers 4 Na 2 Na 2 Na
Private detectives and investigators 85 843 49 Na 36 Na
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers 708 567 555 592 153 515
Crossing guards 26 Na 13 Na 13 Na
Transportation security screeners 33 Na 22 Na 11 Na
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers 42 Na 24 Na 18 Na
CULINARY 4124 441 2133 481 1991 414
Chefs and head cooks 340 619 285 656 55 492
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 378 498 156 621 222 458
Cooks 1302 416 808 427 494 400
Food preparation workers 366 402 174 414 192 388
Bartenders 252 521 110 569 142 493
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 173 391 67 401 107 380
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop 56 354 28 Na 28 Na
Waiters and waitresses 868 451 305 501 563 411
Food servers, nonrestaurant 93 509 31 Na 62 485
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 107 403 59 389 48 Na
Dishwashers 117 398 98 401 19 Na
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 66 400 8 Na 58 397
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 6 Na 4 Na 3 Na
GROUNDSKEEPING 3605 486 2330 517 1275 419
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers 172 620 108 700 64 571
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 80 649 79 653 1 Na
Janitors and building cleaners 1536 507 1111 547 425 429
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 876 416 134 475 742 407
Pest control workers 77 585 74 591 3 Na
Grounds maintenance workers 862 469 824 473 39 Na
SERVICE 2427 498 664 597 1763 475
First-line supervisors of gaming workers 117 769 65 900 52 680
First-line supervisors of personal service workers 60 608 25 Na 35 Na
Animal trainers 26 Na 19 Na 8 Na
Nonfarm animal caretakers 100 505 32 Na 68 501
Gaming services workers 69 676 30 Na 39 Na
Motion picture projectionists 3 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 9 Na 5 Na 4 Na
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers 69 485 42 Na 28 Na
Embalmers and funeral attendants 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors 23 Na 17 Na 7 Na
Barbers 46 Na 33 Na 12 Na
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 253 461 23 Na 229 463
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers 191 501 32 Na 159 497
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 75 608 63 606 12 Na
Tour and travel guides 21 Na 11 Na 9 Na
Childcare workers 407 437 14 Na 393 430
Personal care aides 680 462 128 537 552 441
Recreation and fitness workers 185 555 78 684 107 526
Residential advisors 24 Na 8 Na 16 Na
Personal care and service workers, all other 67 499 35 Na 32 Na
SALES 9725 716 5423 880 4303 578
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers 2326 711 1296 825 1030 614
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers 835 1028 556 1140 280 896
Cashiers 1342 415 411 471 931 405
Counter and rental clerks 73 594 35 Na 37 Na
Parts salespersons 92 601 82 600 11 Na
Retail salespersons 1918 590 1159 694 759 494
Advertising sales agents 161 925 78 1155 83 729
Insurance sales agents 427 815 194 1028 232 717
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents 211 1155 146 1461 65 767
Travel agents 62 711 9 Na 53 685
Sales representatives, services, all other 406 966 268 1147 139 699
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing 1138 1020 843 1066 295 917
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters 15 Na 4 Na 11 Na
Real estate brokers and sales agents 463 837 197 1052 266 735
Sales engineers 33 Na 31 Na 2 Na
Telemarketers 39 Na 17 Na 21 Na
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers 28 Na 9 Na 18 Na
Sales and related workers, all other 158 916 89 1088 70 727
OFFICE 13894 656 3961 693 9933 646
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 1297 812 434 878 863 781
Switchboard operators, including answering service 17 Na 7 Na 10 Na
Telephone operators 22 Na 4 Na 18 Na
Communications equipment operators, all other 5 Na 2 Na 3 Na
Bill and account collectors 152 657 54 674 98 648
Billing and posting clerks 406 657 39 Na 366 664
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 769 692 87 690 682 692
Gaming cage workers 11 Na 2 Na 10 Na
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 128 757 17 Na 111 751
Procurement clerks 35 Na 15 Na 21 Na
Tellers 264 514 33 Na 231 516
Financial clerks, all other 61 767 30 Na 32 Na
Brokerage clerks 3 Na 1 Na 1 Na
Correspondence clerks 3 Na 1 Na 2 Na
Court, municipal, and license clerks 60 755 9 Na 51 743
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 42 Na 12 Na 29 Na
Customer service representatives 1760 621 611 690 1149 604
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 67 781 17 Na 50 805
File clerks 145 634 25 Na 120 627
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 127 481 58 486 69 467
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 105 615 16 Na 89 617
Library assistants, clerical 35 Na 7 Na 28 Na
Loan interviewers and clerks 134 710 25 Na 109 722
New accounts clerks 20 Na 3 Na 17 Na
Order clerks 74 599 26 Na 48 Na
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 50 737 11 Na 40 Na
Receptionists and information clerks 852 575 72 619 781 569
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 95 713 34 Na 61 680
Information and record clerks, all other 100 618 22 Na 78 616
Cargo and freight agents 20 Na 12 Na 9 Na
Couriers and messengers 153 752 134 750 19 Na
Dispatchers 250 698 109 759 141 655
Meter readers, utilities 39 Na 34 Na 4 Na
Postal service clerks 127 927 76 974 51 833
Postal service mail carriers 302 954 187 1021 115 854
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 53 828 27 Na 26 Na
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 256 838 116 978 141 732
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 502 591 354 604 148 566
Stock clerks and order fillers 1027 520 651 537 376 506
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping 59 629 29 Na 31 Na
Secretaries and administrative assistants 2223 687 124 786 2099 683
Computer operators 58 751 25 Na 33 Na
Data entry keyers 223 619 55 589 169 638
Word processors and typists 68 650 6 Na 62 639
Desktop publishers 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 259 689 56 762 203 675
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service 63 563 24 Na 39 Na
Office clerks, general 929 620 156 609 773 622
Office machine operators, except computer 31 Na 14 Na 16 Na
Proofreaders and copy markers 2 Na 0 Na 2 Na
Statistical assistants 15 Na 5 Na 10 Na
Office and administrative support workers, all other 391 745 93 852 298 718
AGRICULTURAL 810 464 637 477 174 437
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 42 Na 32 Na 10 Na
Agricultural inspectors 12 Na 7 Na 6 Na
Animal breeders 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 83 486 32 Na 51 468
Miscellaneous agricultural workers 613 445 511 460 102 398
Fishers and related fishing workers 11 Na 11 Na 0 Na
Hunters and trappers 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Forest and conservation workers 15 Na 10 Na 5 Na
Logging workers 31 Na 31 Na 0 Na
CONSTRUCTION 5722 749 5586 751 137 704
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers 560 1040 540 1047 20 Na
Boilermakers 21 Na 21 Na 0 Na
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons 122 652 122 652 0 Na
Carpenters 802 687 792 687 10 Na
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 89 637 89 634 1 Na
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers 44 Na 44 Na 0 Na
Construction laborers 1181 639 1155 642 25 Na
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 10 Na 10 Na 0 Na
Pile-driver operators 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators 324 856 318 859 6 Na
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers 121 596 119 595 2 Na
Electricians 651 888 632 891 19 Na
Glaziers 33 Na 32 Na 0 Na
Insulation workers 43 Na 41 Na 3 Na
Painters, construction and maintenance 344 585 330 587 14 Na
Paperhangers 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 456 863 455 862 2 Na
Plasterers and stucco masons 20 Na 19 Na 1 Na
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 9 Na 9 Na 0 Na
Roofers 171 584 170 580 2 Na
Sheet metal workers 106 766 100 776 6 Na
Structural iron and steel workers 54 869 52 864 2 Na
Solar photovoltaic installers 8 Na 8 Na 0 Na
Helpers, construction trades 47 Na 47 Na 0 Na
Construction and building inspectors 67 939 58 965 9 Na
Elevator installers and repairers 23 Na 23 Na 0 Na
Fence erectors 33 Na 33 Na 0 Na
Hazardous materials removal workers 39 Na 35 Na 5 Na
Highway maintenance workers 91 754 91 755 0 Na
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 9 Na 9 Na 0 Na
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 8 Na 8 Na 0 Na
Miscellaneous construction and related workers 25 Na 23 Na 2 Na
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 28 Na 27 Na 1 Na
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 30 Na 30 Na 0 Na
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 5 Na 5 Na 0 Na
Mining machine operators 68 1106 65 1098 2 Na
Roof bolters, mining 3 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Roustabouts, oil and gas 7 Na 7 Na 0 Na
Helpers–extraction workers 6 Na 6 Na 0 Na
Other extraction workers 61 900 58 918 3 Na
MAINTENANCE 4301 839 4159 842 143 761
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 270 1032 252 1033 18 Na
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 194 856 166 865 28 Na
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers 139 862 126 879 13 Na
Avionics technicians 4 Na 4 Na 0 Na
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 22 Na 20 Na 1 Na
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility 18 Na 17 Na 0 Na
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 17 Na 17 Na 0 Na
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers 30 Na 28 Na 2 Na
Security and fire alarm systems installers 67 911 65 913 2 Na
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 133 1025 125 1032 7 Na
Automotive body and related repairers 120 846 118 849 2 Na
Automotive glass installers and repairers 21 Na 20 Na 1 Na
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 710 722 694 724 16 Na
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 327 831 327 830 0 Na
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics 206 928 206 928 0 Na
Small engine mechanics 39 Na 39 Na 0 Na
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 66 592 65 591 1 Na
Control and valve installers and repairers 23 Na 23 Na 0 Na
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 341 806 337 810 4 Na
Home appliance repairers 36 Na 36 Na 0 Na
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics 394 895 383 894 11 Na
Maintenance and repair workers, general 469 773 459 771 10 Na
Maintenance workers, machinery 31 Na 30 Na 1 Na
Millwrights 49 Na 48 Na 1 Na
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 113 1105 112 1105 0 Na
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 157 882 148 880 9 Na
Precision instrument and equipment repairers 64 996 60 1009 4 Na
Wind turbine service technicians 3 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers 38 Na 34 Na 4 Na
Commercial divers 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Locksmiths and safe repairers 12 Na 12 Na 0 Na
Manufactured building and mobile home installers 4 Na 4 Na 1 Na
Riggers 7 Na 7 Na 0 Na
Signal and track switch repairers 9 Na 9 Na 0 Na
Helpers–installation, maintenance, and repair workers 17 Na 17 Na 0 Na
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers 150 792 144 810 6 Na
PRODUCTION 7551 663 5548 729 2003 519
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers 783 875 650 924 133 623
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers 15 Na 11 Na 4 Na
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers 123 554 59 566 64 544
Engine and other machine assemblers 14 Na 12 Na 2 Na
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 31 Na 28 Na 3 Na
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators 950 581 573 637 377 512
Bakers 150 505 69 570 80 475
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers 247 542 187 582 60 463
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 9 Na 7 Na 1 Na
Food batchmakers 79 500 25 Na 54 489
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 7 Na 5 Na 2 Na
Food processing workers, all other 132 594 82 679 50 508
Computer control programmers and operators 83 833 81 857 2 Na
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 8 Na 7 Na 1 Na
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 6 Na 6 Na 0 Na
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 15 Na 12 Na 3 Na
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 78 633 62 674 15 Na
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 5 Na 5 Na 1 Na
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 41 Na 39 Na 3 Na
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 12 Na 11 Na 1 Na
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Machinists 338 834 320 840 17 Na
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters 29 Na 28 Na 1 Na
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic 6 Na 3 Na 3 Na
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 47 Na 39 Na 9 Na
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Tool and die makers 49 Na 49 Na 0 Na
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers 568 760 545 767 23 Na
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 4 Na 4 Na 0 Na
Layout workers, metal and plastic 4 Na 4 Na 1 Na
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 24 Na 24 Na 0 Na
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 7 Na 7 Na 0 Na
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 351 639 278 678 72 581
Prepress technicians and workers 14 Na 12 Na 2 Na
Printing press operators 160 707 134 729 26 Na
Print binding and finishing workers 16 Na 9 Na 6 Na
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 133 466 53 487 80 460
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 21 Na 9 Na 12 Na
Sewing machine operators 147 493 42 Na 105 476
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 5 Na 4 Na 1 Na
Shoe machine operators and tenders 1 Na 0 Na 1 Na
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers 37 Na 9 Na 27 Na
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders 2 Na 2 Na 0 Na
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 9 Na 7 Na 2 Na
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders 8 Na 3 Na 4 Na
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 7 Na 5 Na 2 Na
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 4 Na 3 Na 1 Na
Upholsterers 29 Na 21 Na 7 Na
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 16 Na 12 Na 4 Na
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 40 Na 38 Na 2 Na
Furniture finishers 6 Na 6 Na 0 Na
Model makers and patternmakers, wood 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 26 Na 22 Na 4 Na
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 23 Na 21 Na 1 Na
Woodworkers, all other 17 Na 14 Na 3 Na
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers 35 Na 34 Na 1 Na
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 84 996 81 1012 3 Na
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators 82 880 79 868 3 Na
Miscellaneous plant and system operators 35 Na 33 Na 3 Na
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders 62 1052 57 1082 5 Na
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers 82 652 75 668 7 Na
Cutting workers 51 685 41 Na 9 Na
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 31 Na 25 Na 6 Na
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 6 Na 5 Na 0 Na
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 701 710 440 844 260 583
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 19 Na 11 Na 7 Na
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians 86 648 44 Na 42 Na
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 239 518 118 605 120 482
Painting workers 129 708 110 733 18 Na
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 26 Na 12 Na 14 Na
Semiconductor processors 1 Na 1 Na 0 Na
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 9 Na 5 Na 4 Na
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders 4 Na 2 Na 1 Na
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders 4 Na 3 Na 0 Na
Etchers and engravers 12 Na 8 Na 4 Na
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 14 Na 12 Na 2 Na
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 27 Na 22 Na 5 Na
Tire builders 8 Na 8 Na 0 Na
Helpers–production workers 24 Na 18 Na 7 Na
Production workers, all other 846 625 643 666 203 501
TRANSPORTATION 6953 646 5998 679 955 494
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers 186 894 153 898 33 Na
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 114 1735 104 1830 9 Na
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists 32 Na 24 Na 8 Na
Flight attendants 63 846 20 Na 43 Na
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 18 Na 14 Na 4 Na
Bus drivers 323 615 184 681 138 572
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2687 747 2582 751 105 632
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 253 585 216 600 38 Na
Motor vehicle operators, all other 21 Na 18 Na 3 Na
Locomotive engineers and operators 44 Na 42 Na 2 Na
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 5 Na 5 Na 0 Na
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 55 1117 52 1137 4 Na
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers 15 Na 12 Na 3 Na
Sailors and marine oilers 10 Na 9 Na 0 Na
Ship and boat captains and operators 29 Na 28 Na 1 Na
Ship engineers 5 Na 4 Na 1 Na
Bridge and lock tenders 4 Na 4 Na 0 Na
Parking lot attendants 57 492 49 Na 8 Na
Automotive and watercraft service attendants 63 452 58 470 5 Na
Transportation inspectors 21 Na 14 Na 7 Na
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants 17 Na 9 Na 8 Na
Other transportation workers 39 Na 35 Na 4 Na
Conveyor operators and tenders 7 Na 7 Na 0 Na
Crane and tower operators 75 988 71 1016 4 Na
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators 25 Na 25 Na 0 Na
Hoist and winch operators 5 Na 5 Na 0 Na
Industrial truck and tractor operators 579 609 541 612 37 Na
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 222 485 200 498 22 Na
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 1433 526 1214 547 219 455
Machine feeders and offbearers 30 Na 21 Na 9 Na
Packers and packagers, hand 385 438 158 462 227 424
Pumping station operators 18 Na 17 Na 1 Na
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 72 501 66 496 6 Na
Mine shuttle car operators 0 Na 0 Na 0 Na
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 6 Na 6 Na 0 Na
Material moving workers, all other 37 Na 32 Na 5 Na

III. Visualize the Data Using GGPLOT2 Layers

The basic anatomy of ggplot2 grammer consists of raw data that has been fine tuned based on your focus, layers which include all the things that are visible about your graph (ie. data points, lines, bars, area shading, title, legend, etc), scale which stretches or shrinks the data according to your plot area, coordinate system which can be a 2d grid (but others are also possible with ggplot2) and themes which includes font, fontsize, color, etc (aesthetic component). The more you want to fine tune your visualization, the more detailed your ggplot2 grammer will be.

Context

Before you visualize any data it is a good idea to get to know the data-set. For this data set it would be interesting to compare the mean weekly income for all workers in an occupation with the mean weekly income for females and for males. For this comparison, I will choose a bar chart because it can immediately give my audience an intuitive idea of what the data is trying to show.

Format the data

Now that we have an idea about what we want to visualize and HOW we want to visualize it, we can format our data in long format and filter out any data you do not need. We will tidy data into a long format so that ggplot2 knows how to organize that data. To do this we complete the following steps:

  1. Select only the columns of data that report weekly earnings using the select() function a put them in a new variable

  2. Put this new data in long format using pivot_longer()

  3. Convert all salary values from factors, to characters to numeric (must be done in that order to retain numeric value)

  4. Drop all NA values using drop_na()

Occupation salaryCat salary
ALL OCCUPATIONS All_weekly 809
ALL OCCUPATIONS M_weekly 895
ALL OCCUPATIONS F_weekly 726
MANAGEMENT All_weekly 1351
MANAGEMENT M_weekly 1486
MANAGEMENT F_weekly 1139
Chief executives All_weekly 2041
Chief executives M_weekly 2251
Chief executives F_weekly 1836
General and operations managers All_weekly 1260
General and operations managers M_weekly 1347
General and operations managers F_weekly 1002
Advertising and promotions managers All_weekly 1050
Marketing and sales managers All_weekly 1462
Marketing and sales managers M_weekly 1603
Marketing and sales managers F_weekly 1258
Public relations and fundraising managers All_weekly 1557
Administrative services managers All_weekly 1191
Administrative services managers M_weekly 1451
Administrative services managers F_weekly 981
Computer and information systems managers All_weekly 1728
Computer and information systems managers M_weekly 1817
Computer and information systems managers F_weekly 1563
Financial managers All_weekly 1408
Financial managers M_weekly 1732
Financial managers F_weekly 1130
Human resources managers All_weekly 1365
Human resources managers M_weekly 1495
Human resources managers F_weekly 1274
Industrial production managers All_weekly 1485
Industrial production managers M_weekly 1528
Purchasing managers All_weekly 1348
Purchasing managers M_weekly 1404
Purchasing managers F_weekly 1226
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers All_weekly 966
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers M_weekly 1006
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers F_weekly 749
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers All_weekly 769
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers M_weekly 847
Construction managers All_weekly 1329
Construction managers M_weekly 1357
Education administrators All_weekly 1423
Education administrators M_weekly 1585
Education administrators F_weekly 1252
Architectural and engineering managers All_weekly 1899
Architectural and engineering managers M_weekly 1892
Food service managers All_weekly 742
Food service managers M_weekly 820
Food service managers F_weekly 680
Lodging managers All_weekly 985
Lodging managers M_weekly 1171
Lodging managers F_weekly 902
Medical and health services managers All_weekly 1210
Medical and health services managers M_weekly 1422
Medical and health services managers F_weekly 1156
Property, real estate, and community association managers All_weekly 914
Property, real estate, and community association managers M_weekly 1137
Property, real estate, and community association managers F_weekly 823
Social and community service managers All_weekly 1022
Social and community service managers M_weekly 1142
Social and community service managers F_weekly 965
Managers, all other All_weekly 1408
Managers, all other M_weekly 1525
Managers, all other F_weekly 1213
BUSINESS All_weekly 1137
BUSINESS M_weekly 1327
BUSINESS F_weekly 1004
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products All_weekly 926
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products M_weekly 886
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products F_weekly 985
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products All_weekly 1009
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products M_weekly 1020
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products F_weekly 986
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators All_weekly 963
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators M_weekly 1134
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators F_weekly 824
Compliance officers All_weekly 1198
Compliance officers M_weekly 1375
Compliance officers F_weekly 1025
Cost estimators All_weekly 1232
Cost estimators M_weekly 1264
Human resources workers All_weekly 1002
Human resources workers M_weekly 1158
Human resources workers F_weekly 984
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists All_weekly 998
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists F_weekly 898
Training and development specialists All_weekly 990
Training and development specialists F_weekly 1037
Logisticians All_weekly 1028
Logisticians M_weekly 1075
Management analysts All_weekly 1431
Management analysts M_weekly 1519
Management analysts F_weekly 1348
Meeting, convention, and event planners All_weekly 859
Meeting, convention, and event planners F_weekly 840
Fundraisers All_weekly 1136
Market research analysts and marketing specialists All_weekly 1284
Market research analysts and marketing specialists M_weekly 1411
Market research analysts and marketing specialists F_weekly 1239
Business operations specialists, all other All_weekly 1090
Business operations specialists, all other M_weekly 1461
Business operations specialists, all other F_weekly 969
Accountants and auditors All_weekly 1132
Accountants and auditors M_weekly 1345
Accountants and auditors F_weekly 988
Financial analysts All_weekly 1426
Financial analysts M_weekly 1680
Financial analysts F_weekly 1171
Personal financial advisors All_weekly 1419
Personal financial advisors M_weekly 1738
Personal financial advisors F_weekly 1033
Insurance underwriters All_weekly 1149
Insurance underwriters F_weekly 956
Credit counselors and loan officers All_weekly 997
Credit counselors and loan officers M_weekly 1186
Credit counselors and loan officers F_weekly 906
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents All_weekly 1051
Tax preparers All_weekly 892
Financial specialists, all other All_weekly 1162
COMPUTATIONAL All_weekly 1428
COMPUTATIONAL M_weekly 1503
COMPUTATIONAL F_weekly 1245
Computer systems analysts All_weekly 1389
Computer systems analysts M_weekly 1462
Computer systems analysts F_weekly 1256
Information security analysts All_weekly 1538
Information security analysts M_weekly 1562
Computer programmers All_weekly 1438
Computer programmers M_weekly 1501
Computer programmers F_weekly 1302
Software developers, applications and systems software All_weekly 1682
Software developers, applications and systems software M_weekly 1751
Software developers, applications and systems software F_weekly 1415
Web developers All_weekly 1165
Web developers M_weekly 1233
Web developers F_weekly 1026
Computer support specialists All_weekly 1079
Computer support specialists M_weekly 1135
Computer support specialists F_weekly 908
Database administrators All_weekly 1536
Database administrators M_weekly 1829
Network and computer systems administrators All_weekly 1242
Network and computer systems administrators M_weekly 1266
Computer network architects All_weekly 1552
Computer network architects M_weekly 1577
Computer occupations, all other All_weekly 1227
Computer occupations, all other M_weekly 1252
Computer occupations, all other F_weekly 1145
Operations research analysts All_weekly 1441
Operations research analysts M_weekly 1574
Operations research analysts F_weekly 1325
Statisticians All_weekly 1275
ENGINEERING All_weekly 1424
ENGINEERING M_weekly 1452
ENGINEERING F_weekly 1257
Architects, except naval All_weekly 1441
Architects, except naval M_weekly 1492
Aerospace engineers All_weekly 1662
Aerospace engineers M_weekly 1668
Chemical engineers All_weekly 1532
Chemical engineers M_weekly 1583
Civil engineers All_weekly 1460
Civil engineers M_weekly 1474
Computer hardware engineers All_weekly 1876
Computer hardware engineers M_weekly 1871
Electrical and electronics engineers All_weekly 1778
Electrical and electronics engineers M_weekly 1819
Industrial engineers, including health and safety All_weekly 1447
Industrial engineers, including health and safety M_weekly 1430
Mechanical engineers All_weekly 1534
Mechanical engineers M_weekly 1550
Engineers, all other All_weekly 1527
Engineers, all other M_weekly 1537
Engineers, all other F_weekly 1448
Drafters All_weekly 977
Drafters M_weekly 977
Engineering technicians, except drafters All_weekly 963
Engineering technicians, except drafters M_weekly 984
Engineering technicians, except drafters F_weekly 827
Surveying and mapping technicians All_weekly 1012
Surveying and mapping technicians M_weekly 1031
SCIENCE All_weekly 1206
SCIENCE M_weekly 1379
SCIENCE F_weekly 1067
Biological scientists All_weekly 1233
Medical scientists All_weekly 1250
Medical scientists M_weekly 1362
Medical scientists F_weekly 1082
Chemists and materials scientists All_weekly 1432
Chemists and materials scientists M_weekly 1496
Environmental scientists and geoscientists All_weekly 1423
Environmental scientists and geoscientists M_weekly 1740
Physical scientists, all other All_weekly 1553
Physical scientists, all other M_weekly 1770
Physical scientists, all other F_weekly 1170
Psychologists All_weekly 1367
Psychologists F_weekly 1189
Chemical technicians All_weekly 944
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians All_weekly 846
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians M_weekly 1001
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians F_weekly 780
SOCIAL SERVICE All_weekly 889
SOCIAL SERVICE M_weekly 973
SOCIAL SERVICE F_weekly 845
Counselors All_weekly 904
Counselors M_weekly 908
Counselors F_weekly 902
Social workers All_weekly 877
Social workers M_weekly 943
Social workers F_weekly 862
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists All_weekly 967
Social and human service assistants All_weekly 676
Social and human service assistants F_weekly 673
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers All_weekly 831
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers F_weekly 728
Clergy All_weekly 1002
Clergy M_weekly 1021
Clergy F_weekly 924
Directors, religious activities and education All_weekly 929
LEGAL All_weekly 1391
LEGAL M_weekly 1877
LEGAL F_weekly 1135
Lawyers All_weekly 1886
Lawyers M_weekly 1914
Lawyers F_weekly 1717
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers All_weekly 1952
Paralegals and legal assistants All_weekly 927
Paralegals and legal assistants F_weekly 910
Miscellaneous legal support workers All_weekly 770
Miscellaneous legal support workers F_weekly 746
EDUCATION All_weekly 956
EDUCATION M_weekly 1144
EDUCATION F_weekly 907
Postsecondary teachers All_weekly 1258
Postsecondary teachers M_weekly 1405
Postsecondary teachers F_weekly 1144
Preschool and kindergarten teachers All_weekly 616
Preschool and kindergarten teachers F_weekly 618
Elementary and middle school teachers All_weekly 974
Elementary and middle school teachers M_weekly 1077
Elementary and middle school teachers F_weekly 957
Secondary school teachers All_weekly 1066
Secondary school teachers M_weekly 1149
Secondary school teachers F_weekly 1006
Special education teachers All_weekly 987
Special education teachers F_weekly 990
Other teachers and instructors All_weekly 896
Other teachers and instructors M_weekly 1024
Other teachers and instructors F_weekly 817
Librarians All_weekly 991
Librarians F_weekly 966
Teacher assistants All_weekly 541
Teacher assistants F_weekly 530
Other education, training, and library workers All_weekly 1001
Other education, training, and library workers F_weekly 1031
ARTS All_weekly 1001
ARTS M_weekly 1088
ARTS F_weekly 942
Artists and related workers All_weekly 1166
Designers All_weekly 993
Designers M_weekly 1099
Designers F_weekly 918
Producers and directors All_weekly 1270
Producers and directors M_weekly 1340
Producers and directors F_weekly 1234
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers All_weekly 780
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers M_weekly 818
News analysts, reporters and correspondents All_weekly 1218
Public relations specialists All_weekly 1211
Public relations specialists F_weekly 971
Editors All_weekly 1148
Editors M_weekly 1205
Editors F_weekly 1125
Technical writers All_weekly 1158
Writers and authors All_weekly 1232
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators All_weekly 954
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators M_weekly 937
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL All_weekly 1041
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL M_weekly 1272
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL F_weekly 991
Dentists All_weekly 1656
Dietitians and nutritionists All_weekly 886
Dietitians and nutritionists F_weekly 879
Pharmacists All_weekly 1920
Pharmacists M_weekly 2117
Pharmacists F_weekly 1811
Physicians and surgeons All_weekly 1824
Physicians and surgeons M_weekly 1915
Physicians and surgeons F_weekly 1533
Physician assistants All_weekly 1368
Occupational therapists All_weekly 1210
Occupational therapists F_weekly 1199
Physical therapists All_weekly 1265
Physical therapists M_weekly 1347
Physical therapists F_weekly 1215
Respiratory therapists All_weekly 1000
Respiratory therapists F_weekly 937
Speech-language pathologists All_weekly 1147
Speech-language pathologists F_weekly 1148
Therapists, all other All_weekly 944
Therapists, all other F_weekly 951
Veterinarians All_weekly 1455
Registered nurses All_weekly 1116
Registered nurses M_weekly 1222
Registered nurses F_weekly 1098
Nurse practitioners All_weekly 1532
Nurse practitioners F_weekly 1522
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians All_weekly 901
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians M_weekly 1089
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians F_weekly 796
Dental hygienists All_weekly 914
Dental hygienists F_weekly 953
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians All_weekly 964
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians M_weekly 1106
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians F_weekly 908
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics All_weekly 811
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics M_weekly 899
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians All_weekly 636
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians M_weekly 652
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians F_weekly 633
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses All_weekly 743
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses F_weekly 737
Medical records and health information technicians All_weekly 740
Medical records and health information technicians F_weekly 723
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians All_weekly 671
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians F_weekly 642
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations All_weekly 1128
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT All_weekly 498
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT M_weekly 577
HEALTHCARE SUPPORT F_weekly 490
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides All_weekly 467
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides M_weekly 526
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides F_weekly 457
Physical therapist assistants and aides All_weekly 742
Dental assistants All_weekly 531
Dental assistants F_weekly 522
Medical assistants All_weekly 539
Medical assistants F_weekly 530
Phlebotomists All_weekly 551
Phlebotomists F_weekly 534
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers All_weekly 524
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers F_weekly 511
PROTECTIVE SERVICE All_weekly 796
PROTECTIVE SERVICE M_weekly 851
PROTECTIVE SERVICE F_weekly 655
First-line supervisors of correctional officers All_weekly 856
First-line supervisors of police and detectives All_weekly 1427
First-line supervisors of police and detectives M_weekly 1425
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other All_weekly 808
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other M_weekly 825
Firefighters All_weekly 1033
Firefighters M_weekly 1052
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers All_weekly 754
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers M_weekly 779
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers F_weekly 686
Detectives and criminal investigators All_weekly 1159
Detectives and criminal investigators M_weekly 1265
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers All_weekly 1002
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers M_weekly 1001
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers F_weekly 1009
Private detectives and investigators All_weekly 843
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers All_weekly 567
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers M_weekly 592
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers F_weekly 515
CULINARY All_weekly 441
CULINARY M_weekly 481
CULINARY F_weekly 414
Chefs and head cooks All_weekly 619
Chefs and head cooks M_weekly 656
Chefs and head cooks F_weekly 492
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers All_weekly 498
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers M_weekly 621
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers F_weekly 458
Cooks All_weekly 416
Cooks M_weekly 427
Cooks F_weekly 400
Food preparation workers All_weekly 402
Food preparation workers M_weekly 414
Food preparation workers F_weekly 388
Bartenders All_weekly 521
Bartenders M_weekly 569
Bartenders F_weekly 493
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food All_weekly 391
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food M_weekly 401
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food F_weekly 380
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop All_weekly 354
Waiters and waitresses All_weekly 451
Waiters and waitresses M_weekly 501
Waiters and waitresses F_weekly 411
Food servers, nonrestaurant All_weekly 509
Food servers, nonrestaurant F_weekly 485
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers All_weekly 403
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers M_weekly 389
Dishwashers All_weekly 398
Dishwashers M_weekly 401
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop All_weekly 400
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop F_weekly 397
GROUNDSKEEPING All_weekly 486
GROUNDSKEEPING M_weekly 517
GROUNDSKEEPING F_weekly 419
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers All_weekly 620
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers M_weekly 700
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers F_weekly 571
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers All_weekly 649
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers M_weekly 653
Janitors and building cleaners All_weekly 507
Janitors and building cleaners M_weekly 547
Janitors and building cleaners F_weekly 429
Maids and housekeeping cleaners All_weekly 416
Maids and housekeeping cleaners M_weekly 475
Maids and housekeeping cleaners F_weekly 407
Pest control workers All_weekly 585
Pest control workers M_weekly 591
Grounds maintenance workers All_weekly 469
Grounds maintenance workers M_weekly 473
SERVICE All_weekly 498
SERVICE M_weekly 597
SERVICE F_weekly 475
First-line supervisors of gaming workers All_weekly 769
First-line supervisors of gaming workers M_weekly 900
First-line supervisors of gaming workers F_weekly 680
First-line supervisors of personal service workers All_weekly 608
Nonfarm animal caretakers All_weekly 505
Nonfarm animal caretakers F_weekly 501
Gaming services workers All_weekly 676
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers All_weekly 485
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists All_weekly 461
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists F_weekly 463
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers All_weekly 501
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers F_weekly 497
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges All_weekly 608
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges M_weekly 606
Childcare workers All_weekly 437
Childcare workers F_weekly 430
Personal care aides All_weekly 462
Personal care aides M_weekly 537
Personal care aides F_weekly 441
Recreation and fitness workers All_weekly 555
Recreation and fitness workers M_weekly 684
Recreation and fitness workers F_weekly 526
Personal care and service workers, all other All_weekly 499
SALES All_weekly 716
SALES M_weekly 880
SALES F_weekly 578
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers All_weekly 711
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers M_weekly 825
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers F_weekly 614
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers All_weekly 1028
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers M_weekly 1140
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers F_weekly 896
Cashiers All_weekly 415
Cashiers M_weekly 471
Cashiers F_weekly 405
Counter and rental clerks All_weekly 594
Parts salespersons All_weekly 601
Parts salespersons M_weekly 600
Retail salespersons All_weekly 590
Retail salespersons M_weekly 694
Retail salespersons F_weekly 494
Advertising sales agents All_weekly 925
Advertising sales agents M_weekly 1155
Advertising sales agents F_weekly 729
Insurance sales agents All_weekly 815
Insurance sales agents M_weekly 1028
Insurance sales agents F_weekly 717
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents All_weekly 1155
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents M_weekly 1461
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents F_weekly 767
Travel agents All_weekly 711
Travel agents F_weekly 685
Sales representatives, services, all other All_weekly 966
Sales representatives, services, all other M_weekly 1147
Sales representatives, services, all other F_weekly 699
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing All_weekly 1020
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing M_weekly 1066
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing F_weekly 917
Real estate brokers and sales agents All_weekly 837
Real estate brokers and sales agents M_weekly 1052
Real estate brokers and sales agents F_weekly 735
Sales and related workers, all other All_weekly 916
Sales and related workers, all other M_weekly 1088
Sales and related workers, all other F_weekly 727
OFFICE All_weekly 656
OFFICE M_weekly 693
OFFICE F_weekly 646
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers All_weekly 812
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers M_weekly 878
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers F_weekly 781
Bill and account collectors All_weekly 657
Bill and account collectors M_weekly 674
Bill and account collectors F_weekly 648
Billing and posting clerks All_weekly 657
Billing and posting clerks F_weekly 664
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks All_weekly 692
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks M_weekly 690
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks F_weekly 692
Payroll and timekeeping clerks All_weekly 757
Payroll and timekeeping clerks F_weekly 751
Tellers All_weekly 514
Tellers F_weekly 516
Financial clerks, all other All_weekly 767
Court, municipal, and license clerks All_weekly 755
Court, municipal, and license clerks F_weekly 743
Customer service representatives All_weekly 621
Customer service representatives M_weekly 690
Customer service representatives F_weekly 604
Eligibility interviewers, government programs All_weekly 781
Eligibility interviewers, government programs F_weekly 805
File clerks All_weekly 634
File clerks F_weekly 627
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks All_weekly 481
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks M_weekly 486
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks F_weekly 467
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan All_weekly 615
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan F_weekly 617
Loan interviewers and clerks All_weekly 710
Loan interviewers and clerks F_weekly 722
Order clerks All_weekly 599
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping All_weekly 737
Receptionists and information clerks All_weekly 575
Receptionists and information clerks M_weekly 619
Receptionists and information clerks F_weekly 569
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks All_weekly 713
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks F_weekly 680
Information and record clerks, all other All_weekly 618
Information and record clerks, all other F_weekly 616
Couriers and messengers All_weekly 752
Couriers and messengers M_weekly 750
Dispatchers All_weekly 698
Dispatchers M_weekly 759
Dispatchers F_weekly 655
Postal service clerks All_weekly 927
Postal service clerks M_weekly 974
Postal service clerks F_weekly 833
Postal service mail carriers All_weekly 954
Postal service mail carriers M_weekly 1021
Postal service mail carriers F_weekly 854
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators All_weekly 828
Production, planning, and expediting clerks All_weekly 838
Production, planning, and expediting clerks M_weekly 978
Production, planning, and expediting clerks F_weekly 732
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks All_weekly 591
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks M_weekly 604
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks F_weekly 566
Stock clerks and order fillers All_weekly 520
Stock clerks and order fillers M_weekly 537
Stock clerks and order fillers F_weekly 506
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping All_weekly 629
Secretaries and administrative assistants All_weekly 687
Secretaries and administrative assistants M_weekly 786
Secretaries and administrative assistants F_weekly 683
Computer operators All_weekly 751
Data entry keyers All_weekly 619
Data entry keyers M_weekly 589
Data entry keyers F_weekly 638
Word processors and typists All_weekly 650
Word processors and typists F_weekly 639
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks All_weekly 689
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks M_weekly 762
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks F_weekly 675
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service All_weekly 563
Office clerks, general All_weekly 620
Office clerks, general M_weekly 609
Office clerks, general F_weekly 622
Office and administrative support workers, all other All_weekly 745
Office and administrative support workers, all other M_weekly 852
Office and administrative support workers, all other F_weekly 718
AGRICULTURAL All_weekly 464
AGRICULTURAL M_weekly 477
AGRICULTURAL F_weekly 437
Graders and sorters, agricultural products All_weekly 486
Graders and sorters, agricultural products F_weekly 468
Miscellaneous agricultural workers All_weekly 445
Miscellaneous agricultural workers M_weekly 460
Miscellaneous agricultural workers F_weekly 398
CONSTRUCTION All_weekly 749
CONSTRUCTION M_weekly 751
CONSTRUCTION F_weekly 704
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers All_weekly 1040
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers M_weekly 1047
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons All_weekly 652
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons M_weekly 652
Carpenters All_weekly 687
Carpenters M_weekly 687
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers All_weekly 637
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers M_weekly 634
Construction laborers All_weekly 639
Construction laborers M_weekly 642
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators All_weekly 856
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators M_weekly 859
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers All_weekly 596
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers M_weekly 595
Electricians All_weekly 888
Electricians M_weekly 891
Painters, construction and maintenance All_weekly 585
Painters, construction and maintenance M_weekly 587
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters All_weekly 863
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters M_weekly 862
Roofers All_weekly 584
Roofers M_weekly 580
Sheet metal workers All_weekly 766
Sheet metal workers M_weekly 776
Structural iron and steel workers All_weekly 869
Structural iron and steel workers M_weekly 864
Construction and building inspectors All_weekly 939
Construction and building inspectors M_weekly 965
Highway maintenance workers All_weekly 754
Highway maintenance workers M_weekly 755
Mining machine operators All_weekly 1106
Mining machine operators M_weekly 1098
Other extraction workers All_weekly 900
Other extraction workers M_weekly 918
MAINTENANCE All_weekly 839
MAINTENANCE M_weekly 842
MAINTENANCE F_weekly 761
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers All_weekly 1032
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers M_weekly 1033
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers All_weekly 856
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers M_weekly 865
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers All_weekly 862
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers M_weekly 879
Security and fire alarm systems installers All_weekly 911
Security and fire alarm systems installers M_weekly 913
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians All_weekly 1025
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians M_weekly 1032
Automotive body and related repairers All_weekly 846
Automotive body and related repairers M_weekly 849
Automotive service technicians and mechanics All_weekly 722
Automotive service technicians and mechanics M_weekly 724
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists All_weekly 831
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists M_weekly 830
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics All_weekly 928
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics M_weekly 928
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers All_weekly 592
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers M_weekly 591
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers All_weekly 806
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers M_weekly 810
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics All_weekly 895
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics M_weekly 894
Maintenance and repair workers, general All_weekly 773
Maintenance and repair workers, general M_weekly 771
Electrical power-line installers and repairers All_weekly 1105
Electrical power-line installers and repairers M_weekly 1105
Telecommunications line installers and repairers All_weekly 882
Telecommunications line installers and repairers M_weekly 880
Precision instrument and equipment repairers All_weekly 996
Precision instrument and equipment repairers M_weekly 1009
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers All_weekly 792
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers M_weekly 810
PRODUCTION All_weekly 663
PRODUCTION M_weekly 729
PRODUCTION F_weekly 519
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers All_weekly 875
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers M_weekly 924
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers F_weekly 623
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers All_weekly 554
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers M_weekly 566
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers F_weekly 544
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators All_weekly 581
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators M_weekly 637
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators F_weekly 512
Bakers All_weekly 505
Bakers M_weekly 570
Bakers F_weekly 475
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers All_weekly 542
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers M_weekly 582
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers F_weekly 463
Food batchmakers All_weekly 500
Food batchmakers F_weekly 489
Food processing workers, all other All_weekly 594
Food processing workers, all other M_weekly 679
Food processing workers, all other F_weekly 508
Computer control programmers and operators All_weekly 833
Computer control programmers and operators M_weekly 857
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic All_weekly 633
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic M_weekly 674
Machinists All_weekly 834
Machinists M_weekly 840
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers All_weekly 760
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers M_weekly 767
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other All_weekly 639
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other M_weekly 678
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other F_weekly 581
Printing press operators All_weekly 707
Printing press operators M_weekly 729
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers All_weekly 466
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers M_weekly 487
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers F_weekly 460
Sewing machine operators All_weekly 493
Sewing machine operators F_weekly 476
Stationary engineers and boiler operators All_weekly 996
Stationary engineers and boiler operators M_weekly 1012
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators All_weekly 880
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators M_weekly 868
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders All_weekly 1052
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders M_weekly 1082
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers All_weekly 652
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers M_weekly 668
Cutting workers All_weekly 685
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers All_weekly 710
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers M_weekly 844
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers F_weekly 583
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians All_weekly 648
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders All_weekly 518
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders M_weekly 605
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders F_weekly 482
Painting workers All_weekly 708
Painting workers M_weekly 733
Production workers, all other All_weekly 625
Production workers, all other M_weekly 666
Production workers, all other F_weekly 501
TRANSPORTATION All_weekly 646
TRANSPORTATION M_weekly 679
TRANSPORTATION F_weekly 494
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers All_weekly 894
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers M_weekly 898
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers All_weekly 1735
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers M_weekly 1830
Flight attendants All_weekly 846
Bus drivers All_weekly 615
Bus drivers M_weekly 681
Bus drivers F_weekly 572
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers All_weekly 747
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers M_weekly 751
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers F_weekly 632
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs All_weekly 585
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs M_weekly 600
Railroad conductors and yardmasters All_weekly 1117
Railroad conductors and yardmasters M_weekly 1137
Parking lot attendants All_weekly 492
Automotive and watercraft service attendants All_weekly 452
Automotive and watercraft service attendants M_weekly 470
Crane and tower operators All_weekly 988
Crane and tower operators M_weekly 1016
Industrial truck and tractor operators All_weekly 609
Industrial truck and tractor operators M_weekly 612
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment All_weekly 485
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment M_weekly 498
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand All_weekly 526
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand M_weekly 547
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand F_weekly 455
Packers and packagers, hand All_weekly 438
Packers and packagers, hand M_weekly 462
Packers and packagers, hand F_weekly 424
Refuse and recyclable material collectors All_weekly 501
Refuse and recyclable material collectors M_weekly 496

Create a simple bar chart

First we will focus on a simple bar chart that shows the weekly salaries for male and females from all professions. In ggplot2 we can use two functions to create bar charts: geom_bar() and geom_col(). Here we will be using geom_col() because it will allow us to map bar size to one of our variables (salary). geom_bar() is best used when you are creating bar charts that visualize frequency.

To create a simple bar chart using geom_col() we need to do the following:

  1. Filter the data that corresponds to all professions using the filter() function to select only the data that corresponds to rows with ALL OCCUPATIONS data.

  2. Begin our chart by using ggplot() function and designating the dataframe we want to visualize

  3. Lay on the first layer by first adding the + symbol and calling on thegeom_col() function which create a bar chart.

  4. In geom_col() we must define which columns from our dataframe will be along the x axis and y axis using the aes() function.

Now that we have our first simple bar chart we can layer on various components to make this graph more visually appealing. The first thing that comes to mind is to order the bars according to salary. We do this by adding the reorder() command to the x value in aes().

Then to add color to each category we can use the fill attribute AFTER aes(). We can choose colors by defining a character vector with specific color values for each category fill = c("magenta", "lightgreen", "lightblue").

To change the labels for each category so that they are more readable to viewers we can add the next layer using scale_x_discrete(labels = "Female", "ALL", "Male")). NOTE: between each layer always include the + symbol.

To change the x and y titles, as well as the title of the chart we can add another layer using labs() and center it in theme(). To change the x and y titles, as well as the title of the chart we can add another layer using labs() and center it in theme() by setting the plot.title attribute and element_text() function to adjust the position using hjust to the middle which corresponds to 0.5 (for half of the plot width). Also in theme we can change the background by setting the panel.background attribute and setting the rectangular panel using element_rect to a color using fill. I chose the color black here because I like the contrast on bright colors on a dark background

For the viewers’ convenience I would like to include the value of the salary on top of each bar. To do this we layer on the geom_text function which will add text to the plot. To place the text on top of each bar the x value needs to correspond to the category of salary, the y value should be a little below the bar therefore I used salary - 20, the actual text should correspond to the value of salary which we define using label

As we can see here now it is totally obveous that males have a higher mean salary than females in the United States. In addition, the mean salary for males also exceed the mean salary for all genders.

Create a grouped bar chart

Now lets say we want to go more into detail about these salaries. We can easily visualize the salaries for each category by created a The weekly salary data is grouped in categories therefore a bar chart will be appropriate to visualize and compare the salaries in the different groups. To do this we complete the following steps:

1. Filter Data:

  • Filter weekly salary for males and females using filter() from the weeklyData dataframe

  • Conver from long format to wide using spread()

  • Drop any rows that contain NA values (those are not comparable) using drop_na()

  • Convert back to long format using pivot_longer()

2. Graph Data:

  • Begin chart by using ggplot()

  • First layer using geom_col() for bar chart

  • In geom_col() define columns for x axis, y axis and color parameter using the aes()

Note: The big change here is that we are defining fill inside of aes() and setting it equal to the salaryCat column which identifies the group each salary belongs to (male or female)

  • Set the colors for male and female bard manually using scale_fill_manual()

  • Flip the graph so that the bars grow horizontally using coord_flip()

  • Change the position of the legend using theme(legend.position = "top")

As we can see from the plot above, the data seems very bunched up and messy. This is not visually appealing or easily interpret able. What we can do instead is filter the occupations by salary and choose only the top 10 highest salary occupations to analyze.

1. Filter the data

  • Convert to wide format using spread()

  • Filter rows where the column for male weekly salaries exceed $1500

  • Convert back to long format using pivot_longer()

  • Select the top 10 occupations (first 20 rows)

2. Graph Data:

  • Begin chart by using ggplot()

  • First layer using geom_col() for bar chart.

  • In geom_col() define columns for x axis, y axis and color parameter using the aes()

  • Set the colors for male and female bard manually using scale_fill_manual()

  • Flip the graph so that the bars grow horizontally using coord_flip()

  • Label x and y axis and title using labs()

  • Change the position of the title and the legend using theme()

We can clearly see the discrepancies between male and female salaries for the top 10 highest paying jobs. In addition to the salaries it would also be interesting to use ggplot2 to visualize the number of males and females in these jobs.

A Different Take On the Data (Grouped Bar Charts)

Occupation Gender Workers
Chief executives M_workers 763
Chief executives F_workers 283
Computer and information systems managers M_workers 466
Computer and information systems managers F_workers 169
Financial managers M_workers 551
Financial managers F_workers 573
Education administrators M_workers 282
Education administrators F_workers 496
Financial analysts M_workers 168
Financial analysts F_workers 127
COMPUTATIONAL M_workers 3036
COMPUTATIONAL F_workers 973
Computer programmers M_workers 357
Computer programmers F_workers 93
Engineers, all other M_workers 339
Engineers, all other F_workers 54
LEGAL M_workers 624
LEGAL F_workers 722
Lawyers M_workers 503
Lawyers F_workers 300

Not surprisingly there is a HUGE difference in the number males and females in fields designated as COMPUTATIONAL. Through this visualization, it is easy to provide evidence for the gender divide, unequal pay and gender bias in high paying jobs.

IV Extend: Further Customizations of Bar Charts

Stacked Bars

In the previous sections we wrangled the data into it’s simplest form and configured the plot until it was in a nice readable format. It left us with the question: “Are there any other options we can explore to simplify the graph further?”

Instead of using side by side bars lets consider using stacked bars with differing colors to compare classes.

  1. We used the fill argument of geom_bar, to indicate what feature will be the classifier
  2. Next, we used the coord_flip function to improve readability by listing vertically all the occupations
  3. Finally, instead of using labs, we used the xlab function since we only wanted to slap a label on the side of the graph. As a bonus, xlab(“Occupation”) is much more readable and easier to maintain as well

Overlay Bars

Stacking the bars pushed the scale further and can be a bit confusing when trying to discern the amounts of each particular bar. We can overlay bars in order to preserve the original scale.

  1. By using the position argument we can completely separate the bars by using the value dodge, identity will do the opposite byputting them one directly on top of the other
  2. Instead we can partially overlay the bars using the value position_dodge(.25), this let’s us specify to have the bars “dodge” each other by only 25% of each others proportion

Full Circle

By reserving more of the plot’s real estate and scale, we can now try to fit the plot back to the original horizontal position, which was a problem earlier in the presentation.

  1. We start by removing the coord_flip() function to return the plot to it’s original horizontal position
  2. Using theme we specify the axis.text.x attribute, which says to specifically manipulate x-axis only
  3. We then use the element_text function to specify manipulating the text, and pass angle = 45 so that the labels can be anchored 45 degrees

The plot above still has some problems. For one the labels are in the actual plot and the sort order is now incorrect when in the horizontal position. Let’s fix these problems while also adding some extra features.

  1. We added to aes the alpha attribute and set the transparency level, so we can see the relationships of the bars even better
  2. Using the theme function we removed the most of the grid lines by using the panel.grid.major attribute and setting the value to element_blank()
  3. To adjust the axis labels lower we add hjust = 1 and re-sorted to descending by removing the - sign from Workers in the the reorder function
  4. For fun we set the panel.background with element_rect() attribute, and use the same color of the sidebar of the presentation with the fill attribute
  5. Lastly, using scale_fill_manual we set the colors to a nice sky blue against electric pink to make it pop against the deep black red background

Conclusion

We came a long way from the beginning to the end, and what I liked most about the final product is that beyond observing the practical ways we could create the bar plot for presentation and readability, we were able to further customize our visualization to make it exciting and fun.