Table 1.
Both groups were demographically consistent (53.8% men / 46.2% women, p=0.847; averge age: 56.98 ±15.9, p=0.794).
The average BMI was significantly higher among cases (30.57 ±5.99 vs. 28.10 ±5.31, p=0.037). In both groups, about one third were had BMI values <25 kg/m², but 55.2% and 33.4%, respectively, had BMI values >30 kg/m².
Among cases, 72.4% had a Balthazar score E, compared to 38.7% among controls, this difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Cases had relatively more patients with severe necrosis (31.0% with more than half of the pancreas affected, 44.8% with no necrosis), compared to cases (7.7%, while 72.3% had no necrosis), whcih was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Without statistical significance, cases had relatively more ethanolic / metabolic etiology, and moderate (compared to mild) panceatitis by Altlanta score, compared to controls.
Variable | Details | Cases | Control | Total | Statistics |
Group | 29 (8.8%) | 300 (91.2%) | 329 | ||
Sex | F | 14 (48.3%) | 138 (46.0%) | 152 (46.2%) | OR=1.10 [0.51, 2.35] (p=0.847) |
M | 15 (51.7%) | 162 (54.0%) | 177 (53.8%) | ||
Age (years) | M (min:max) | 53 (34:86) | 60 (18:90) | 59 (18:90) | MW: p=0.794 |
μ ±SD | 57.10 ±14.1 | 56.96 ±16.1 | 56.98 ±15.9 | ||
BMI (kg/m²) | M (min:max) | 31.64 (21.46:41.13) | 27.35 (15.4:44.6) | 27.5 (15.4:44.6) | MW: p=0.037 |
μ ±SD | 30.57 ±5.99 | 28.10 ±5.31 | 28.32 ±5.41 | ||
Etiology | biliary | 16 (55.2%) | 201 (68.1%) | 217 (67.0%) | OR=0.58 [0.27, 1.25] (p=0.213) |
ethanolic+metabolic | 13 (44.8%) | 94 (31.9%) | 107 (33.0%) | ||
Etiology (details) | biliary | 16 (55.2%) | 201 (67.0%) | 217 (66.0%) | V=0.15 (p=0.056) |
ethanolic | 8 (27.6%) | 79 (26.3%) | 87 (26.4%) | ||
metabolic | 5 (17.2%) | 15 (5.0%) | 20 (6.1%) | ||
other | 0 | 5 (1.7%) | 5 (1.5%) | ||
DM onset | at onset of AP | 22 (75.9%) | 0 (NA) | 22 (75.9%) | OR=3.00 [0.05, 164.80] (p>0.999) |
late onset | 7 (24.1%) | 0 (NA) | 7 (24.1%) | ||
Time to DM | at onset of AP | 21 (72.4%) | 0 (NA) | 21 (72.4%) | V=NA (p>0.999) |
[1-3) months | 2 (6.9%) | 0 (NA) | 2 (6.9%) | ||
≥3 months | 6 (20.7%) | 0 (NA) | 6 (20.7%) | ||
No. AP episodes | M (min:max) | 1 (1:3) | 1 (1:6) | 1 (1:6) | MW: p=0.463 |
μ ±SD | 1.21 ±0.559 | 1.28 ±0.644 | 1.27 ±0.637 | ||
No. of AP episodes | 1 | 25 (86.2%) | 240 (80.0%) | 265 (80.5%) | V=0.08 (p=0.742) |
2 | 2 (6.9%) | 43 (14.3%) | 45 (13.7%) | ||
3 | 2 (6.9%) | 13 (4.3%) | 15 (4.6%) | ||
4 | 0 | 3 (1.0%) | 3 (0.9%) | ||
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
6 | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | ||
Atlanta severity | mild | 5 (17.2%) | 112 (37.3%) | 117 (35.6%) | V=0.12 (p=0.079) |
moderate | 20 (69.0%) | 147 (49.0%) | 167 (50.8%) | ||
severe | 4 (13.8%) | 41 (13.7%) | 45 (13.7%) | ||
Balthazar score | A | 2 (6.9%) | 24 (8.0%) | 26 (7.9%) | V=0.20 (p=0.010) |
B | 2 (6.9%) | 31 (10.3%) | 33 (10.0%) | ||
C | 2 (6.9%) | 68 (22.7%) | 70 (21.3%) | ||
D | 2 (6.9%) | 61 (20.3%) | 63 (19.1%) | ||
E | 21 (72.4%) | 116 (38.7%) | 137 (41.6%) | ||
Necrosis severity | 0% | 13 (44.8%) | 217 (72.3%) | 230 (69.9%) | V=0.23 (p<0.001) |
0-30% | 4 (13.8%) | 31 (10.3%) | 35 (10.6%) | ||
30-50% | 3 (10.3%) | 29 (9.7%) | 32 (9.7%) | ||
>50% | 9 (31.0%) | 23 (7.7%) | 32 (9.7%) | ||
Obesity | no | 9 (31.0%) | 103 (34.8%) | 112 (34.5%) | V=0.14 (p=0.040) |
overweight | 4 (13.8%) | 94 (31.8%) | 98 (30.2%) | ||
yes | 16 (55.2%) | 99 (33.4%) | 115 (35.4%) | ||
BMI classes | [15,20) | 0 | 4 (1.4%) | 4 (1.2%) | V=0.18 (p=0.056) |
[20,25) | 9 (31.0%) | 99 (33.4%) | 108 (33.2%) | ||
[25,30) | 4 (13.8%) | 94 (31.8%) | 98 (30.2%) | ||
[30,35) | 7 (24.1%) | 60 (20.3%) | 67 (20.6%) | ||
[35,40) | 8 (27.6%) | 29 (9.8%) | 37 (11.4%) | ||
[40,45] | 1 (3.4%) | 10 (3.4%) | 11 (3.4%) | ||
μ ±SD = Mean (standard deviation); M (min:max) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney Test; Welch = Welch T-Test (not assuming equal variances); OR/RR = odds-ratio / risk-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramér V (p value from Chi² test); | |||||
Table 2.
Regarding laboratory parameters, we found that cases had significntly higher median values for Triglycerides (167 vs. 124 mg/dL, p=0.022), LDH (580 vs. 432 IU/L, p<0.001) and CRP (18 vs. 4.62 mg/dL, p<0.001).
Variable | Details | Cases | Control | Total | Statistics |
Group | 29 (8.8%) | 300 (91.2%) | 329 | ||
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 194 (71:1227) | 198.5 (66:4673) | 198 (66:4673) | MW: p=0.895 |
μ ±SD | 247.90 ±213.4 | 243.97 ±351.5 | 244.32 ±341.4 | ||
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 167 (69:5564) | 124 (43:9165) | 130 (43:9165) | MW: p=0.022 |
μ ±SD | 716.52 ±1480.5 | 283.43 ±906.2 | 321.60 ±975.1 | ||
Hematocrite (%) | M (min:max) | 40 (24:88.5) | 39.95 (24:67.6) | 40 (24:88.5) | MW: p=0.146 |
μ ±SD | 42.50 ±10.8 | 39.97 ±6.44 | 40.19 ±6.95 | ||
Urea (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 45 (18:84) | 46 (15:157) | 46 (15:157) | MW: p=0.123 |
μ ±SD | 45.90 ±18.8 | 54.13 ±25.4 | 53.40 ±24.9 | ||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 0.82 (0.32:3.27) | 0.78 (0.01:5.13) | 0.78 (0.01:5.13) | MW: p=0.062 |
μ ±SD | 1.10 ±0.664 | 0.862 ±0.475 | 0.882 ±0.498 | ||
LDH (IU/L) | M (min:max) | 580 (235:1686) | 432 (200:1178) | 432 (200:1686) | MW: p<0.001 |
μ ±SD | 664.38 ±350.1 | 457.51 ±182.8 | 477.51 ±213.1 | ||
CPR (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 18 (0.5:70) | 4.62 (0.11:36.8) | 5.45 (0.11:70) | MW: p<0.001 |
μ ±SD | 17.38 ±13.7 | 8.03 ±8.56 | 8.86 ±9.48 | ||
Procalcitonin (mg/dL) | M (min:max) | 0.2 (0.1:8) | 0.1 (0.01:10) | 0.1 (0.01:10) | MW: p=0.072 |
μ ±SD | 0.91 ±1.78 | 1.08 ±2.31 | 1.06 ±2.26 | ||
μ ±SD = Mean (standard deviation); M (min:max) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney Test; Welch = Welch T-Test (not assuming equal variances); OR/RR = odds-ratio / risk-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramér V (p value from Chi² test); | |||||
Table 3.
Cases had significantly more systemic complications thn controls (55.2% vs. 29.7%, p=0.007). All other complications had higher prevalenceamong cases but the differences were not signoficant.
Variable | Cases | Control | Total | Statistics |
Group | 29 (8.8%) | 300 (91.2%) | 329 | |
Local complications | 24 (82.8%) | 176 (58.7%) | 200 (60.8%) | OR=3.38 [1.26, 9.11] (p=0.015) |
CT at 1 month | 8 (27.6%) | 48 (16.0%) | 56 (17.0%) | OR=2.00 [0.84, 4.78] (p=0.123) |
Infection | 7 (24.1%) | 40 (13.3%) | 47 (14.3%) | OR=2.07 [0.83, 5.16] (p=0.158) |
Systemic complications | 16 (55.2%) | 89 (29.7%) | 105 (31.9%) | OR=2.92 [1.35, 6.32] (p=0.007) |
Necrosectomy | 7 (24.1%) | 35 (11.7%) | 42 (12.8%) | OR=2.41 [0.96, 6.05] (p=0.075) |
Transient organ failure <48 h | 6 (20.7%) | 42 (14.0%) | 48 (14.6%) | OR=1.60 [0.62, 4.17] (p=0.405) |
Transient organ failure >48 h | 4 (13.8%) | 21 (7.0%) | 25 (7.6%) | OR=2.13 [0.68, 6.68] (p=0.257) |
μ ±SD = Mean (standard deviation); M (min:max) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney Test; Welch = Welch T-Test (not assuming equal variances); OR/RR = odds-ratio / risk-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramér V (p value from Chi² test); | ||||
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