This sample work product is a dynamic R Markdown report designed to provide an overview of historical admissions data for each college at Georgia State University, as well as predicted applications and recommended enrollment rates over the next two fiscal years.
Reproducible documentation for this work is available in this GitHub repository.
Note: All data have been randomly transformed using the original admissions data in order to obfuscate protected GSU data while allowing sensible trends in seasonality and cyclicity that reasonably resemble actual admissions data.
This report is programmed in R, Markdown, HTML, and CSS to provide a flexible template that reacts and updates dynamically when introduced to new data or filtered to show different colleges. All characters in boldface indicate reactive variables which change in accordance with the properties of the data.
See the reproducible documentation provided in the above hyperlink to view the underlying code.
While all tables were compiled with HTML and offer some interactivity, each data visualization was created using R package ggplot2 and JavaScript library plotly, allowing both the visual advantage of the big picture and the rich granularity of traditional tabular data.
The following contains an overview of key graduate admissions performance indicators and objectives for the School of Policy Studies provided by The Graduate School at Georgia State University.
Represented are graduate students designated by the University System of Georgia’s Student Information Reporting System (SIRS) as pursuing a Master’s, Education Specialist, or Doctorate degree (USG, 2006), though the initial overview includes comparisons with students pursuing graduate-level certificates.
Betweem FY 2006 and FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies has, on average, received 784 applications, enrolled or maintained 213 graduate students, and maintained a yield rate of 50.9% each year.
Between FY 2006 and FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies has, on average, enrolled 194 new graduate students, comprising a new student yield rate of 46.3% each year. In FY 2020, 25 graduate students continued studies (10.8%) and 206 new students enrolled (89.2%).
Among newly enrolled graduate students, there is a positive trend with a linear model coefficient of 3.121, while continuing graduate students, shows a negative trend with a linear model coefficient of -0.054.
Official graduate-level enrollment as defined by the Office of Institutional Effectiveness (OIE) includes solely Masters and Doctoral degree-seeking students and excludes certificate-seekers, non-degree students in graduate-level courses, and transient students. Notably, unlike OIE-defined enrollment, the following excludes cross-registered students.
The following summary enrollment data at the School of Policy Studies are reported to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) each academic term.
From FY 2006 to FY 2020, reported annual graduate-level enrollment at the School of Policy Studies averaged 208 enrollees, comprised of 191 new students (91.9%) and 17 continuing students (8.10%).
In FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies had a total graduate-level annual enrollment of 230 graduate students, comprised of 205 new students (89.1%) and 25 continuing students (10.9%).
| Fiscal Year | New | New (%) | Continuing | Continuing (%) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 186 | 93.00% | 14 | 7.00% | 200 |
| 2007 | 150 | 90.91% | 15 | 9.09% | 165 |
| 2008 | 160 | 91.95% | 14 | 8.05% | 174 |
| 2009 | 157 | 94.01% | 10 | 5.99% | 167 |
| 2010 | 204 | 87.55% | 29 | 12.45% | 233 |
| 2011 | 184 | 88.89% | 23 | 11.11% | 207 |
| 2012 | 200 | 87.72% | 28 | 12.28% | 228 |
| 2013 | 230 | 94.65% | 13 | 5.35% | 243 |
| 2014 | 194 | 91.51% | 18 | 8.49% | 212 |
| 2015 | 178 | 94.68% | 10 | 5.32% | 188 |
| 2016 | 201 | 93.93% | 13 | 6.07% | 214 |
| 2017 | 185 | 90.24% | 20 | 9.76% | 205 |
| 2018 | 208 | 95.41% | 10 | 4.59% | 218 |
| 2019 | 221 | 94.85% | 12 | 5.15% | 233 |
| 2020 | 205 | 89.13% | 25 | 10.87% | 230 |
Between FY 2006 and FY 2020, graduate-level programs in the School of Policy Studies averaged 784 submissions each year. The average enrollment of both new and continuing students averaged 213 enrollees annually. The average yield rate, or the proportion of enrolled students to accepted applicants, averaged 50.9% annually.
As annual acceptances and (to some extent) yield rates are determined by School of Policy Studies admissions teams, the following forecasts total applications for FY 2021 and FY 2022 using autogenerated Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecasting (Hyndman & Khandakar, 2008).
Additional ARIMA model accuracy indicators are available in the appendix.
In FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies received 1,000 applications for graduate-level programs, with 565 accepted applicants, 237 new or continuing enrollees, and a college-wide yield rate of 41.9%.
During FY 2021, the School of Policy Studies is estimated to receive approximately 1,000 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 865 and 1,156 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 802 and 1,247 applications.
In FY 2022, it’s estimated to receive approximately 1,000 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 815 and 1,227 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 731 and 1,367
Model residuals have a p-value of 0.416, indicating no uncaptured information.
Between calendar years 2005 and 2019 in the Fall academic term (FY 2006 to FY 2020), the School of Policy Studies received an average of 643 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising an average of 81.9% of total fiscal year enrollment.
In calendar year 2019 (FY 2020) in the Fall academic term, the School of Policy Studies received 836 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising 83.6% of total fiscal year enrollment.
During the Fall 2020 term of FY 2021, the School of Policy Studies is estimated to receive approximately 836 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 728 and 959 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 677 and 1,032 applications.
In the Fall 2021 term of FY 2022, it’s estimated to receive approximately 836 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 688 and 1,016 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 621 and 1,126 applications.
Model residuals have a p-value of 0.511, indicating no uncaptured information.
Between calendar years 2006 and 2020 in the Spring academic term (FY 2006 to FY 2020), the School of Policy Studies received an average of 98 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising an average of 12.8% of total fiscal year enrollment.
In calendar year 2020 (FY 2020) in the Spring academic term, the School of Policy Studies received 87 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising 8.70% of total fiscal year enrollment.
During the Spring 2021 term of FY 2021, the School of Policy Studies is estimated to receive approximately 87 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 68 and 112 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 60 and 127 applications.
In the Spring 2022 term of FY 2022, it’s estimated to receive approximately 87 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 61 and 124 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 51 and 149 applications.
Model residuals have a p-value of 0.253, indicating no uncaptured information.
Between calendar years 2005 and 2019 in the Summer academic term (FY 2006 to FY 2020), the School of Policy Studies received an average of 42 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising an average of 5.31% of total fiscal year enrollment.
In calendar year 2019 (FY 2020) in the Summer academic term, the School of Policy Studies received 77 applications for graduate-level programs, comprising 7.70% of total fiscal year enrollment.
During the Summer 2020 term of FY 2021, the School of Policy Studies is estimated to receive approximately 77 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 48 and 123 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 38 and 157 applications.
In the Summer 2021 term of FY 2022, it’s estimated to receive approximately 77 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of recieving between 40 and 148 applications, as well as a 95% probability of receiving between 28 and 210 applications.
Model residuals have a p-value of 0.473, indicating no uncaptured information.
Accounting for seasonality and cylicity across terms between FY 2006 and FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies received an average of 261 applications for graduate-level programs during each academic term.
The following autogenerated ARIMA forecasting predicts total applications by each term for FY 2021 and FY 2022, albeit accounting for cylicity and seasonality.
In the Summer 2020 term in FY 2021, the School of Policy Studies is estimated to receive approximately 798 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of receiving between 579 and 1,099 applications and a 95% probability of receiving between 489 and 1,303.
The Fall 2020 term in FY 2021 is predicted to receive 75 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of receiving between 54 and 103 applications and a 95% probability of receiving between 46 and 122.
Lastly, the Spring 2021 term in FY 2021 is estimated to receive approximately 77 graduate-level applications, with an 80% probability of receiving between 56 and 106 applications and a 95% probability of receiving between 47 and 126.
Model residuals have a p-value of 0.561, indicating no uncaptured information.
Additional forecasting for FY 2022 is provided in the following table.
| FY | Term | Applications | Min. (80%) | Max. (80%) | Min. (95%) | Max. (95%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Summer 2020 | 798 | 579 | 1,099 | 489 | 1,303 |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | 75 | 54 | 103 | 46 | 122 |
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | 77 | 56 | 106 | 47 | 126 |
| 2022 | Summer 2021 | 798 | 507 | 1,255 | 399 | 1,596 |
| 2022 | Fall 2021 | 75 | 48 | 118 | 38 | 150 |
| 2022 | Spring 2022 | 77 | 49 | 121 | 39 | 154 |
FY 2021 enrollment recommendations for the School of Policy Studies are calculated via a 3% increase to a rolling average of the two most recent fiscal years with complete data, viz. FY 2019 and FY 2020. Moreover, recommendations use only OIE-reported enrollees, i.e. Masters and Doctoral students.
The following provides:
In FY 2019 and FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies enrolled 233 and 230, respectively, averaging 232 degree-seeking, graduate-level students over both fiscal years.
Increasing this rolling average by 3% yields a total annual recommendation of 238 new or continuing enrollees.
Adjusted for targets, FY 2006 through FY 2021 indicate a positive trend with a coefficient of 3.251.
In FY 2019, the School of Policy Studies enrolled or maintained 233 degree-seeking, graduate-level students. Specifcally, in Summer 2018, Fall 2018, and Spring 2019 it enrolled or retained 26, 177, and 30 students, respectively.
In FY 2020, it enrolled or maintained 230 degree-seeking, graduate-level students. Specifcally, in Summer 2019, Fall 2019, and Spring 2020 it enrolled or retained 30, 165, and 35 students, respectively.
On average, across both fiscal years,, the Summer, Fall, and Spring semesters contributed 29 (12.1%), 176 (73.9%), and 33 (14.0%) students to total enrollment, respecitvely.
Given the two-year rolling average of proportional contributions by both FY 2019 and FY 2020 terms, recommended enrollment for Summer 2020, Fall 2020, and Spring 2021 at the School of Policy Studies are 29, 176, and 33 enrolled or retained students, respectively.
The following sparklines visualize the School of Policy Studies’s graduate-level and degree-seeking target enrollees, historical enrollment, and trendlines by academic term from FY 2006 to FY 2020.
Accounting for FY 2021 recommended enrollment, the above linear models depict by term:
Recommended FY 2021 graduate-level enrollment for the School of Policy Studies are organized as follows:
| Fiscal Year | Term | Contribution (%) | Enrollees |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Summer 2020 | 12.1% | 29 |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | 73.9% | 176 |
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | 14.0% | 33 |
During FY 2019 and FY 2020, the School of Policy Studies averaged 12.1%, 73.9%, and 14.0% contributions to official graduate-level enrollment in the Summer, Fall, and Spring terms, respectively.
Applying a 3% increase to individual School of Policy Studies programs, the following calculates and provides recommended enrollment by both program and semester for FY 2021.
The two-year rolling average contribution of 12.1% for Summer 2020 of programs in FY 2021, increased by 3%, result in the following recommended program enrollment of 29 graduate-level students.
| FY | Term | Program | Enrollees | Contribution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Summer 2020 | MSW-Social Work (SW) | 29 | 100% |
The two-year rolling average contribution of 73.9% for Fall 2020 of programs in FY 2021, increased by 3%, result in the following recommended program enrollment among 176 graduate-level students.
| FY | Term | Program | Enrollees | Contribution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | MSW-Social Work (SW) | 46 | 26.4% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | MGA-Public Administration (PUA) | 37 | 21.2% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | MPP-Public Policy (MPP) | 31 | 17.8% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | MA-Economics (EC) | 20 | 11.3% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | PHD-Economics (EC) | 15 | 8.5% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | PHD-Criminal Justice & Criminology (CJC) | 10 | 5.7% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | MS-Criminal Justice (CJ) | 8 | 4.4% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | PHD-Urban Studies (USI) | 5 | 3.0% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | PHD-Public Policy (PBP) | 4 | 2.1% |
| 2021 | Fall 2020 | PHD-Public Policy (PUP) | 2 | 1.2% |
The two-year rolling average contribution of 14.0% for Spring 2021 of programs in FY 2021, increased by 3%, result in the following recommended program enrollment among 33 graduate-level students.
| FY | Term | Program | Enrollees | Contribution (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | MGA-Public Administration (PUA) | 11 | 34.0% |
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | MPP-Public Policy (MPP) | 10 | 30.2% |
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | MA-Economics (EC) | 10 | 29.8% |
| 2021 | Spring 2021 | MS-Criminal Justice (CJ) | 2 | 6.0% |
With access to the BREPTS and WPRD database in the GSU Data Warehouse, database queries, preprocessing, and report creation for the School of Policy Studies Admissions Report are reproducible in their entirety, from raw data to the present data product, using documentation found in this GitHub repository.
Akiake, Hirotogu (1998). Information Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likihood Principle. Retrieved from Institute of Statistical Mathematics on 29 March 2020.
The Graduate School (2020). A Campus Without Boundaries. Retrieved from Georgia State University on 29 March 2020.
Hyndman, Rob J. & Yeasmin Khandakar (2008). Automatic Time Series Forecasting: The forecast Package for R. Retrieved from Journal of Statistical Software on 29 March 2020.
National Center for Education Statistics (2020). Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Survey Components. Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics on 29 March 2020.
Georgia State University (2020). Office of Institutional Effectiveness. Retrieved from Georgia State University on 29 March 2020.
University System of Georgia: Office of Strategic Research & Analysis (2006). Student Information Reporting System (SIRS)’s Student Data Element Dictionary (SDED). Retrieved from USG Strategy & Fiscal Affairs Division: Research & Policy Analysis on 29 March 2020.
Contact information for offices and authors of the Admissions Report.
Contact The Graduate School’s Graduate Admissions at Georgia State University:
Contact the Office of Institutional Effectiveness at Georgia State University:
Contact Lita M. Malveaux, Director of Graduate Admissions:
The optimal forecasting ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) models were automatically generated using a Hyndman-Khandakar (2008) algorithm that employs unit root tests, minimizes additive errors via Akaike’s Information Criterion or AICc, (1998), and calculates maximum likelihood estimation based on n intervals per the School of Policy Studies’s available historical data.
The accuracy of ARIMA models is measured using the following:
The following provides accuracy measures for each ARIMA model in order of appearance (see Model).
| Model | ME | RMSE | MAE | MPE | MAPE | MASE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Year | 22.49 | 84.79 | 67.02 | 2.17 | 8.33 | 0.94 |
| Fall | 21.88 | 64.75 | 50.41 | 2.81 | 7.68 | 0.94 |
| Spring | -2.23 | 21.05 | 16.17 | -3.99 | 16.20 | 0.94 |
| Summer | 2.81 | 11.74 | 9.21 | -0.97 | 27.05 | 0.93 |
| All Terms | 6.67 | 40.35 | 25.28 | -1.18 | 17.34 | 0.93 |