Clustering-K-Means
Priyank Goyal
22/03/2020
K Means Clustering
data("USArrests") # Loading the data set
df <- scale(USArrests) # Scaling the data
# View the firt 3 rows of the data
head(df, n = 3)## Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
## Alabama 1.24256408 0.7828393 -0.5209066 -0.003416473
## Alaska 0.50786248 1.1068225 -1.2117642 2.484202941
## Arizona 0.07163341 1.4788032 0.9989801 1.042878388*** Estimating the Optimum Number of Clusters ***
library(factoextra)## Warning: package 'factoextra' was built under R version 3.6.2## Loading required package: ggplot2## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'ggplot2':
## method from
## [.quosures rlang
## c.quosures rlang
## print.quosures rlang## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra-related books at https://goo.gl/ve3WBafviz_nbclust(df,kmeans,method="wss")+
geom_vline(xintercept = 4,linetype=2)
The Bend is at K =4
*** Computing K-Means Clustering ***
set.seed(123)
km.res <- kmeans(df,4,nstart=25)here 4 is the number of clusters and nstart should be 25 to 50. Print the result
print(km.res)## K-means clustering with 4 clusters of sizes 8, 13, 16, 13
##
## Cluster means:
## Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
## 1 1.4118898 0.8743346 -0.8145211 0.01927104
## 2 -0.9615407 -1.1066010 -0.9301069 -0.96676331
## 3 -0.4894375 -0.3826001 0.5758298 -0.26165379
## 4 0.6950701 1.0394414 0.7226370 1.27693964
##
## Clustering vector:
## Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California
## 1 4 4 1 4
## Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia
## 4 3 3 4 1
## Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa
## 3 2 4 3 2
## Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland
## 3 2 1 2 4
## Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri
## 3 4 2 1 4
## Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey
## 2 2 4 2 3
## New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio
## 4 4 1 2 3
## Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina
## 3 3 3 3 1
## South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont
## 2 1 4 3 2
## Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
## 3 3 2 2 3
##
## Within cluster sum of squares by cluster:
## [1] 8.316061 11.952463 16.212213 19.922437
## (between_SS / total_SS = 71.2 %)
##
## Available components:
##
## [1] "cluster" "centers" "totss" "withinss"
## [5] "tot.withinss" "betweenss" "size" "iter"
## [9] "ifault"It is possible to compute the mean of each variable by clusters using the original data.
aggregate(USArrests,by=list(cluster=km.res$cluster),mean)## cluster Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
## 1 1 13.93750 243.62500 53.75000 21.41250
## 2 2 3.60000 78.53846 52.07692 12.17692
## 3 3 5.65625 138.87500 73.87500 18.78125
## 4 4 10.81538 257.38462 76.00000 33.19231You can get the original data along with the clusters
dd <- cbind(USArrests, cluster = km.res$cluster)
head(dd)## Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape cluster
## Alabama 13.2 236 58 21.2 1
## Alaska 10.0 263 48 44.5 4
## Arizona 8.1 294 80 31.0 4
## Arkansas 8.8 190 50 19.5 1
## California 9.0 276 91 40.6 4
## Colorado 7.9 204 78 38.7 4*** How to Access the cluster Components ***
# Cluster number for each of the observations
km.res$cluster## Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California
## 1 4 4 1 4
## Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia
## 4 3 3 4 1
## Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa
## 3 2 4 3 2
## Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland
## 3 2 1 2 4
## Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri
## 3 4 2 1 4
## Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey
## 2 2 4 2 3
## New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio
## 4 4 1 2 3
## Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina
## 3 3 3 3 1
## South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont
## 2 1 4 3 2
## Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
## 3 3 2 2 3# Cluster Size- No of observeations in each cluster
km.res$size## [1] 8 13 16 13# Cluster means
km.res$centers## Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
## 1 1.4118898 0.8743346 -0.8145211 0.01927104
## 2 -0.9615407 -1.1066010 -0.9301069 -0.96676331
## 3 -0.4894375 -0.3826001 0.5758298 -0.26165379
## 4 0.6950701 1.0394414 0.7226370 1.27693964# Plotting Cluster plot
fviz_cluster(km.res, data = df,
palette = c("#2E9FDF", "#00AFBB", "#E7B800", "#FC4E07"),
ellipse.type = "euclid", # Concentration ellipse
star.plot = TRUE, # Add segments from centroids to items
repel = TRUE, # Avoid label overplotting (slow)
ggtheme = theme_minimal()
)
However K-means is sensitive to Outliers.to avoid this we can use PAM, which is based on medoids.