Red Red Wine
Creating ploting functions
point_plot <- function(pred_qual){
ggplot(wine_test, aes(quality, pred_qual)) +
geom_point() +
xlab('Observed Quality') +
ylab('Predicted Quality') +
stat_smooth(method = lm) +
xlim(3, 8) +
ylim(3, 8)
}
box_plot <- function(pred_qual){
box_glm <- ggplot(wine_test, aes(quality, pred_qual)) +
geom_boxplot(aes(group = cut_width(quality, 1))) +
xlab('Observed Quality') +
ylab('Predicted Quality') +
xlim(3, 8) +
ylim(3, 8)
}Comparing machine learning methods using the Caret R Package for a red wine quality model
### Getting and exploring the data
library(readr)
library(tidyverse)
wine <- read_delim('winequality-red.csv',
';',
escape_double = FALSE,
trim_ws = TRUE)
ggplot(wine, aes(quality)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 30)
wine_train <- wine[1:1000, ]
wine_test <- wine[1001:1599, ]Running a Generalized Linear Model
library(caret)## Loading required package: lattice##
## Attaching package: 'caret'## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## liftm_glm <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'glm',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE))
m_glm## Generalized Linear Model
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 899, 900, 901, 900, 901, 901, ...
## Resampling results:
##
## RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 0.6496347 0.3437403 0.5053065summary(m_glm)##
## Call:
## NULL
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.66538 -0.37685 -0.05997 0.44355 2.04870
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.59400 0.02042 273.891 < 2e-16 ***
## `\\`fixed acidity\\`` 0.06614 0.05922 1.117 0.26432
## `\\`volatile acidity\\`` -0.17773 0.02647 -6.715 3.18e-11 ***
## `\\`citric acid\\`` -0.04047 0.03627 -1.116 0.26472
## `\\`residual sugar\\`` 0.03723 0.02618 1.422 0.15533
## chlorides -0.07154 0.02495 -2.867 0.00423 **
## `\\`free sulfur dioxide\\`` 0.03191 0.02957 1.079 0.28075
## `\\`total sulfur dioxide\\`` -0.14090 0.03168 -4.448 9.64e-06 ***
## density -0.05291 0.04733 -1.118 0.26387
## pH -0.02823 0.03758 -0.751 0.45265
## sulphates 0.13067 0.02426 5.386 9.02e-08 ***
## alcohol 0.28949 0.03279 8.829 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.4171482)
##
## Null deviance: 637.16 on 999 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 412.14 on 988 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 1977.5
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2wine_test$pred_qual_glm <- predict(m_glm, wine_test)
cor_glm <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_glm)
mae_glm <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_glm))
point_glm <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_glm) +
ggtitle('GLM')
box_glm <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_glm) +
ggtitle('GLM')
cor_glm## [1] 0.5894671mae_glm## [1] 0.5080479point_glm## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
box_glm## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
Running a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model
m_bglm <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'bayesglm',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE))
m_bglm## Bayesian Generalized Linear Model
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 900, 899, 900, 899, 901, 900, ...
## Resampling results:
##
## RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 0.6496765 0.3438812 0.5053907summary(m_bglm)##
## Call:
## NULL
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.66536 -0.37684 -0.05995 0.44358 2.04871
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.59398 0.02042 273.890 < 2e-16 ***
## `\\`fixed acidity\\`` 0.06614 0.05920 1.117 0.26411
## `\\`volatile acidity\\`` -0.17772 0.02647 -6.715 3.18e-11 ***
## `\\`citric acid\\`` -0.04045 0.03626 -1.115 0.26493
## `\\`residual sugar\\`` 0.03723 0.02617 1.422 0.15523
## chlorides -0.07154 0.02495 -2.867 0.00423 **
## `\\`free sulfur dioxide\\`` 0.03190 0.02956 1.079 0.28083
## `\\`total sulfur dioxide\\`` -0.14089 0.03167 -4.449 9.63e-06 ***
## density -0.05292 0.04731 -1.119 0.26359
## pH -0.02822 0.03757 -0.751 0.45273
## sulphates 0.13067 0.02426 5.386 9.01e-08 ***
## alcohol 0.28947 0.03278 8.830 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.4171482)
##
## Null deviance: 637.16 on 999 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 412.14 on 988 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 1977.5
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6wine_test$pred_qual_bglm <- predict(m_bglm, wine_test)
cor_bglm <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_bglm)
mae_bglm <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_bglm))
point_bglm <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_bglm) +
ggtitle('Bayesian GLM')
box_bglm <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_bglm) +
ggtitle('Bayesian GLM')
cor_bglm## [1] 0.5894664mae_bglm## [1] 0.5080466point_bglm## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
box_bglm## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
Running a Bayesian Lasso Model
library(elasticnet)## Loading required package: lars## Loaded lars 1.2m_lss <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'lasso',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE))
tuneGrid = expand.grid(fraction = seq(0.5, 0.9, 0.1),
verbose = 0)
m_lss## The lasso
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 900, 900, 899, 901, 900, 900, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## fraction RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 0.1 0.7511887 0.2436133 0.6397577
## 0.5 0.6596269 0.3359569 0.5302311
## 0.9 0.6498929 0.3430467 0.5064432
##
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final value used for the model was fraction = 0.9.summary(m_lss)## Length Class Mode
## call 4 -none- call
## actions 14 -none- list
## allset 11 -none- numeric
## beta.pure 154 -none- numeric
## vn 11 -none- character
## mu 1 -none- numeric
## normx 11 -none- numeric
## meanx 11 -none- numeric
## lambda 1 -none- numeric
## L1norm 14 -none- numeric
## penalty 14 -none- numeric
## df 14 -none- numeric
## Cp 14 -none- numeric
## sigma2 1 -none- numeric
## xNames 11 -none- character
## problemType 1 -none- character
## tuneValue 1 data.frame list
## obsLevels 1 -none- logical
## param 0 -none- listwine_test$pred_qual_lss <- predict(m_lss, wine_test)
cor_lss <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_lss)
mae_lss <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_lss))
point_lss <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_lss) +
ggtitle('Lasso')
box_lss <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_lss) +
ggtitle('Lasso')
cor_lss## [1] 0.5882794mae_lss## [1] 0.5086242point_lss## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
box_lss## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing missing values (geom_segment).
Running a CUBIST model with hypergrid tuning.
library(Cubist)
m_cube <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'cubist',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE),
tuneGrid = expand.grid(committees = seq(5, 100, 5),
neighbors = seq(1, 9, 1)),
verbose = 0)
m_cube## Cubist
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 900, 900, 900, 899, 900, 901, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## committees neighbors RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 5 1 0.6947366 0.3710593 0.4260736
## 5 2 0.6498794 0.3899459 0.4490233
## 5 3 0.6390552 0.3929477 0.4581777
## 5 4 0.6303222 0.4001531 0.4610478
## 5 5 0.6282137 0.4002978 0.4649909
## 5 6 0.6287072 0.3973263 0.4667296
## 5 7 0.6286872 0.3958084 0.4675442
## 5 8 0.6280364 0.3958081 0.4678069
## 5 9 0.6264741 0.3977011 0.4676159
## 10 1 0.6920735 0.3733994 0.4257927
## 10 2 0.6479498 0.3920648 0.4484375
## 10 3 0.6371738 0.3953088 0.4574363
## 10 4 0.6285211 0.4025295 0.4607422
## 10 5 0.6265023 0.4024479 0.4647094
## 10 6 0.6268437 0.3997052 0.4663246
## 10 7 0.6266056 0.3986099 0.4670450
## 10 8 0.6258780 0.3988121 0.4673355
## 10 9 0.6242336 0.4009209 0.4672538
## 15 1 0.6904728 0.3746775 0.4242686
## 15 2 0.6466527 0.3933881 0.4471396
## 15 3 0.6359518 0.3967019 0.4561708
## 15 4 0.6274699 0.4038578 0.4596086
## 15 5 0.6255364 0.4036996 0.4637910
## 15 6 0.6259411 0.4008687 0.4654660
## 15 7 0.6257913 0.3996756 0.4662526
## 15 8 0.6251047 0.3998467 0.4665979
## 15 9 0.6234202 0.4020544 0.4664929
## 20 1 0.6888306 0.3763948 0.4235143
## 20 2 0.6454713 0.3949363 0.4467135
## 20 3 0.6347430 0.3984590 0.4557399
## 20 4 0.6261893 0.4057907 0.4591110
## 20 5 0.6241210 0.4058548 0.4630391
## 20 6 0.6244694 0.4031127 0.4647064
## 20 7 0.6242774 0.4019803 0.4656478
## 20 8 0.6235489 0.4022214 0.4661210
## 20 9 0.6218756 0.4044214 0.4660482
## 25 1 0.6887533 0.3767641 0.4235711
## 25 2 0.6452051 0.3953792 0.4466044
## 25 3 0.6345433 0.3987182 0.4555630
## 25 4 0.6259293 0.4061216 0.4588543
## 25 5 0.6237817 0.4062910 0.4628461
## 25 6 0.6240567 0.4036488 0.4645248
## 25 7 0.6238501 0.4025444 0.4655554
## 25 8 0.6230353 0.4029242 0.4658733
## 25 9 0.6213516 0.4051498 0.4658704
## 30 1 0.6886085 0.3769311 0.4238403
## 30 2 0.6450410 0.3954065 0.4468508
## 30 3 0.6343281 0.3988054 0.4556354
## 30 4 0.6256653 0.4063215 0.4589420
## 30 5 0.6235298 0.4064629 0.4628759
## 30 6 0.6238269 0.4037802 0.4644926
## 30 7 0.6236269 0.4026622 0.4655535
## 30 8 0.6228036 0.4030512 0.4658936
## 30 9 0.6211227 0.4052739 0.4658933
## 35 1 0.6886113 0.3770727 0.4239696
## 35 2 0.6449992 0.3956160 0.4470551
## 35 3 0.6341805 0.3991482 0.4558095
## 35 4 0.6254237 0.4068640 0.4589697
## 35 5 0.6233122 0.4069892 0.4628871
## 35 6 0.6236598 0.4042191 0.4645353
## 35 7 0.6235048 0.4030245 0.4655052
## 35 8 0.6226905 0.4034067 0.4657791
## 35 9 0.6210125 0.4056374 0.4658691
## 40 1 0.6884776 0.3772753 0.4240684
## 40 2 0.6448889 0.3957276 0.4472389
## 40 3 0.6340192 0.3993157 0.4559088
## 40 4 0.6252407 0.4070702 0.4591055
## 40 5 0.6231358 0.4071795 0.4630210
## 40 6 0.6234897 0.4043998 0.4646850
## 40 7 0.6233503 0.4031740 0.4655882
## 40 8 0.6225351 0.4035573 0.4658491
## 40 9 0.6208750 0.4057542 0.4659687
## 45 1 0.6887740 0.3771339 0.4241418
## 45 2 0.6449594 0.3957266 0.4472641
## 45 3 0.6340490 0.3993173 0.4559297
## 45 4 0.6252830 0.4070465 0.4591334
## 45 5 0.6231877 0.4071173 0.4630829
## 45 6 0.6235354 0.4043502 0.4648053
## 45 7 0.6233781 0.4031532 0.4656447
## 45 8 0.6225346 0.4035945 0.4658196
## 45 9 0.6208677 0.4058070 0.4659123
## 50 1 0.6885741 0.3774297 0.4239831
## 50 2 0.6447004 0.3961607 0.4471833
## 50 3 0.6337843 0.3997978 0.4559105
## 50 4 0.6250559 0.4074756 0.4591492
## 50 5 0.6229957 0.4075016 0.4631070
## 50 6 0.6233524 0.4047264 0.4647699
## 50 7 0.6231861 0.4035466 0.4655848
## 50 8 0.6223290 0.4040128 0.4657436
## 50 9 0.6206494 0.4062593 0.4658375
## 55 1 0.6886528 0.3773703 0.4240351
## 55 2 0.6447061 0.3961230 0.4472102
## 55 3 0.6338085 0.3997143 0.4560441
## 55 4 0.6250776 0.4073914 0.4592745
## 55 5 0.6230340 0.4073889 0.4632322
## 55 6 0.6233836 0.4046141 0.4648536
## 55 7 0.6232149 0.4034408 0.4656708
## 55 8 0.6223675 0.4038986 0.4658325
## 55 9 0.6207042 0.4061196 0.4659423
## 60 1 0.6886175 0.3774312 0.4241267
## 60 2 0.6446629 0.3962189 0.4473080
## 60 3 0.6337094 0.3998931 0.4561189
## 60 4 0.6249796 0.4075512 0.4593463
## 60 5 0.6229563 0.4075105 0.4633602
## 60 6 0.6232953 0.4047457 0.4649782
## 60 7 0.6231301 0.4035715 0.4657695
## 60 8 0.6222848 0.4040318 0.4658897
## 60 9 0.6206214 0.4062549 0.4659929
## 65 1 0.6885439 0.3776247 0.4242423
## 65 2 0.6445570 0.3963990 0.4473703
## 65 3 0.6335824 0.4000817 0.4560750
## 65 4 0.6248572 0.4077448 0.4593355
## 65 5 0.6228458 0.4076909 0.4633338
## 65 6 0.6232070 0.4048942 0.4649743
## 65 7 0.6230426 0.4037210 0.4657845
## 65 8 0.6222068 0.4041747 0.4659079
## 65 9 0.6205551 0.4063787 0.4660409
## 70 1 0.6886899 0.3776061 0.4243218
## 70 2 0.6447051 0.3963451 0.4475325
## 70 3 0.6337134 0.4000183 0.4561738
## 70 4 0.6249736 0.4076649 0.4594253
## 70 5 0.6229810 0.4075669 0.4634438
## 70 6 0.6233298 0.4047791 0.4650716
## 70 7 0.6231512 0.4036157 0.4659026
## 70 8 0.6222953 0.4040951 0.4659534
## 70 9 0.6206299 0.4063221 0.4660751
## 75 1 0.6887428 0.3776186 0.4244264
## 75 2 0.6447403 0.3963328 0.4476535
## 75 3 0.6337726 0.3999686 0.4562863
## 75 4 0.6250539 0.4075826 0.4595464
## 75 5 0.6230808 0.4074546 0.4635649
## 75 6 0.6234410 0.4046458 0.4652019
## 75 7 0.6232793 0.4034519 0.4660750
## 75 8 0.6224269 0.4039259 0.4661293
## 75 9 0.6207599 0.4061522 0.4662530
## 80 1 0.6887636 0.3777191 0.4244664
## 80 2 0.6447686 0.3963831 0.4477350
## 80 3 0.6338131 0.3999830 0.4563145
## 80 4 0.6251030 0.4075686 0.4596118
## 80 5 0.6231260 0.4074343 0.4636207
## 80 6 0.6234708 0.4046371 0.4652312
## 80 7 0.6233038 0.4034488 0.4660655
## 80 8 0.6224308 0.4039527 0.4660889
## 80 9 0.6207476 0.4062052 0.4661564
## 85 1 0.6888050 0.3777419 0.4245354
## 85 2 0.6447740 0.3964116 0.4477609
## 85 3 0.6338177 0.3999967 0.4563650
## 85 4 0.6250958 0.4075953 0.4596531
## 85 5 0.6231229 0.4074480 0.4636227
## 85 6 0.6234739 0.4046424 0.4652166
## 85 7 0.6233157 0.4034417 0.4660849
## 85 8 0.6224394 0.4039578 0.4661252
## 85 9 0.6207623 0.4062013 0.4661809
## 90 1 0.6888687 0.3777471 0.4245991
## 90 2 0.6448072 0.3964408 0.4477951
## 90 3 0.6338255 0.4000542 0.4563668
## 90 4 0.6251018 0.4076556 0.4596583
## 90 5 0.6231253 0.4075097 0.4636482
## 90 6 0.6234681 0.4047146 0.4652314
## 90 7 0.6233057 0.4035265 0.4660974
## 90 8 0.6224196 0.4040668 0.4661369
## 90 9 0.6207358 0.4063244 0.4661912
## 95 1 0.6887461 0.3779721 0.4244561
## 95 2 0.6446066 0.3967434 0.4476725
## 95 3 0.6336387 0.4003378 0.4563179
## 95 4 0.6249040 0.4079787 0.4595962
## 95 5 0.6229281 0.4078419 0.4635708
## 95 6 0.6232816 0.4050312 0.4651300
## 95 7 0.6231179 0.4038447 0.4660089
## 95 8 0.6222262 0.4043957 0.4660548
## 95 9 0.6205332 0.4066696 0.4660864
## 100 1 0.6887896 0.3779925 0.4244996
## 100 2 0.6445949 0.3968124 0.4477063
## 100 3 0.6336265 0.4003988 0.4563486
## 100 4 0.6249009 0.4080287 0.4596081
## 100 5 0.6229232 0.4078920 0.4635697
## 100 6 0.6232814 0.4050634 0.4651579
## 100 7 0.6231218 0.4038621 0.4660319
## 100 8 0.6222269 0.4044133 0.4660872
## 100 9 0.6205267 0.4067023 0.4661017
##
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final values used for the model were committees = 100 and neighbors = 9.summary(m_cube)##
## Call:
## cubist.default(x = x, y = y, committees = param$committees, verbose = 0)
##
##
## Cubist [Release 2.07 GPL Edition] Fri Mar 13 14:29:36 2020
## ---------------------------------
##
## Target attribute `outcome'
##
## Read 1000 cases (12 attributes) from undefined.data
##
## Model 1:
##
## Rule 1/1: [52 cases, mean 5.1, range 5 to 6, est err 0.1]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 2.121659
## then
## outcome = 5
##
## Rule 1/2: [243 cases, mean 5.2, range 4 to 7, est err 0.3]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.7465141
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.6102711
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 2.121659
## alcohol > -1.200878
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.255 `volatile acidity` - 0.105 `citric acid`
## - 0.076 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.046 `residual sugar`
## - 0.01 alcohol
##
## Rule 1/3: [37 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## sulphates <= -0.2648332
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -1.2 - 5.883 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.471 sulphates
## - 0.352 `residual sugar` - 0.326 `volatile acidity` - 0.164 pH
##
## Rule 1/4: [28 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 6, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 2.121659
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.109 `volatile acidity` - 0.053 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.049 `citric acid` + 0.024 sulphates - 0.012 chlorides
## + 0.01 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 1/5: [91 cases, mean 5.4, range 4 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.7465141
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.6102711
## alcohol > -1.200878
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.3 + 0.817 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.253 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.131 sulphates - 0.029 `citric acid`
## + 0.021 `fixed acidity` - 0.019 alcohol
##
## Rule 1/6: [106 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## sulphates <= -0.2648332
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.498 sulphates - 0.226 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.176 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.169 alcohol - 0.154 pH
## - 0.141 `fixed acidity` - 0.121 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 1/7: [81 cases, mean 5.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.7465141
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 2.121659
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.48 `volatile acidity` + 0.306 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.272 density + 0.187 sulphates + 0.027 alcohol
## - 0.014 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 1/8: [54 cases, mean 5.6, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7235644
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.461 density - 0.309 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.193 `residual sugar` - 0.13 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.059 alcohol + 0.028 sulphates - 0.026 pH
##
## Rule 1/9: [192 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7235644
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 1.606043
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.386 `volatile acidity` + 0.317 alcohol
## - 0.158 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.149 sulphates - 0.138 pH
## - 0.023 `fixed acidity` + 0.022 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 1/10: [102 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## sulphates > -0.2648332
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.1 - 0.23 density + 0.223 alcohol + 0.181 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 1/11: [46 cases, mean 6.6, range 5 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7235644
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## alcohol > 1.606043
## then
## outcome = 6.6 - 0.404 `fixed acidity` - 0.399 chlorides
## + 0.247 sulphates + 0.21 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 2:
##
## Rule 2/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.31 alcohol - 0.204 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.099 sulphates - 0.094 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 3:
##
## Rule 3/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 0.678 alcohol + 0.334 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.252 `citric acid` + 0.178 pH - 0.158 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.073 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 3/2: [88 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5185026
## sulphates <= -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 - 0.645 pH - 0.398 `fixed acidity` + 0.336 chlorides
## - 0.26 `volatile acidity` + 0.037 alcohol
## + 0.028 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 3/3: [47 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.8554384
## sulphates <= 1.099724
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 + 1.085 sulphates + 0.698 `fixed acidity` + 0.045 alcohol
## - 0.027 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.024 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.019 chlorides - 0.011 `citric acid`
## + 0.011 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 3/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.468 sulphates - 0.407 chlorides - 0.235 pH
## + 0.221 alcohol - 0.177 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.147 `fixed acidity` + 0.138 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 3/5: [291 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -1.120632
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.49 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.225 alcohol - 0.221 pH
## - 0.159 `fixed acidity` - 0.014 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 3/6: [51 cases, mean 6.1, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `citric acid` <= -0.5225012
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -1.120632
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 7.8 + 1.358 `citric acid` + 0.82 alcohol
## - 0.048 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.044 pH
## - 0.028 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 3/7: [243 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.5057709
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 6.1 - 0.456 `fixed acidity` + 0.427 `citric acid` - 0.388 pH
## + 0.22 `residual sugar` + 0.145 alcohol
## - 0.096 `volatile acidity` - 0.091 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 3/8: [15 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 1.562 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.643 pH
##
## Rule 3/9: [20 cases, mean 6.6, range 5 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -1.120632
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 27.4 + 17.461 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.036 pH
## - 0.033 `fixed acidity` + 0.028 alcohol
##
## Model 4:
##
## Rule 4/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.14 `volatile acidity` + 0.082 sulphates
## - 0.071 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.028 alcohol
##
## Rule 4/2: [144 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5502287
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.7 + 0.956 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.944 alcohol
## - 0.177 `volatile acidity` + 0.135 sulphates
##
## Rule 4/3: [95 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5502287
## sulphates > -0.5923269
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 8.5 + 1.575 `total sulfur dioxide` + 1.225 alcohol
## - 0.23 `volatile acidity` + 0.175 sulphates
##
## Rule 4/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.395 alcohol - 0.256 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.162 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.162 sulphates
##
## Model 5:
##
## Rule 5/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.464 alcohol + 0.351 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.224 `citric acid` - 0.179 `volatile acidity` + 0.141 pH
## - 0.07 density - 0.036 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.024 sulphates - 0.022 chlorides
## - 0.022 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 5/2: [88 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5185026
## sulphates <= -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.823 pH - 0.548 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.066 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.052 alcohol
##
## Rule 5/3: [196 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.503 chlorides + 0.399 sulphates - 0.187 pH
## + 0.125 alcohol - 0.122 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.115 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.093 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 5/4: [326 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.1 - 0.383 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.306 pH
## - 0.29 `fixed acidity` + 0.182 alcohol + 0.016 sulphates
## + 0.013 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 6:
##
## Rule 6/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.278 alcohol - 0.248 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.136 sulphates - 0.099 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 7:
##
## Rule 7/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.639 alcohol + 0.278 sulphates - 0.212 `citric acid`
## + 0.206 `fixed acidity` + 0.041 pH
## - 0.013 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.01 chlorides
## - 0.009 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 7/2: [54 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.8554384
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 + 1.05 sulphates + 0.691 `fixed acidity` + 0.046 alcohol
## - 0.024 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.018 chlorides
## - 0.016 `volatile acidity` + 0.011 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.01 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 7/3: [159 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.159953
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 7 + 1.424 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.393 sulphates
## - 0.06 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 7/4: [196 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.159953
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.512 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.43 alcohol - 0.349 pH
## + 0.196 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.028 sulphates
## - 0.008 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 7/5: [255 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.949 `volatile acidity` - 0.447 pH
## - 0.068 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.054 alcohol
## + 0.052 sulphates + 0.04 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.027 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 7/6: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 7.7 - 0.661 alcohol - 0.477 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.451 `volatile acidity` - 0.437 chlorides + 0.406 sulphates
## + 0.381 `citric acid` - 0.321 `fixed acidity` - 0.31 density
## + 0.287 `residual sugar` - 0.029 pH
## + 0.019 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 8:
##
## Rule 8/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.305 alcohol - 0.296 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.114 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 9:
##
## Rule 9/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.544 alcohol + 0.333 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.172 `citric acid` + 0.153 pH + 0.101 sulphates
## - 0.075 density
##
## Rule 9/2: [24 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 1.508819
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 1.8 + 1.732 `fixed acidity` + 0.715 sulphates + 0.012 alcohol
##
## Rule 9/3: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.529 sulphates - 0.469 chlorides - 0.195 pH
## + 0.191 alcohol - 0.142 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.128 `fixed acidity` + 0.121 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 10:
##
## Rule 10/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.325 `volatile acidity` - 0.181 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.146 alcohol
##
## Model 11:
##
## Rule 11/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.391 alcohol + 0.244 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.169 `citric acid` + 0.11 pH + 0.082 sulphates
##
## Rule 11/2: [24 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 1.508819
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 1.8 + 1.643 `fixed acidity` + 0.717 sulphates + 0.023 alcohol
##
## Rule 11/3: [45 cases, mean 5.8, range 5 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7780128
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 0.704 density + 0.628 `volatile acidity` + 0.065 alcohol
## - 0.059 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.052 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.049 pH
##
## Rule 11/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.536 alcohol + 0.297 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.234 pH
## + 0.034 sulphates
##
## Rule 11/5: [250 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7780128
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.5 + 0.378 alcohol - 0.338 `fixed acidity` - 0.286 pH
## - 0.181 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.015 sulphates
## - 0.008 chlorides
##
## Model 12:
##
## Rule 12/1: [18 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 1.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 17.2 + 8.657 alcohol
##
## Rule 12/2: [350 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.197 `volatile acidity` - 0.17 density
## + 0.128 `fixed acidity` - 0.087 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.037 alcohol
##
## Rule 12/3: [64 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates <= -0.2648332
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 3.4 + 1.182 alcohol - 0.363 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.349 `citric acid` - 0.061 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.024 sulphates
##
## Rule 12/4: [650 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.496 `volatile acidity` + 0.41 alcohol
## + 0.218 `residual sugar` + 0.188 sulphates
## - 0.049 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 12/5: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.676 `volatile acidity` - 0.267 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.092 `citric acid` + 0.043 sulphates - 0.035 density
## - 0.025 chlorides + 0.022 `residual sugar`
## - 0.021 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 12/6: [64 cases, mean 6.2, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates > -0.2648332
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5 + 1.177 alcohol - 1.144 sulphates - 0.236 density
## + 0.048 `citric acid` - 0.046 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 13:
##
## Rule 13/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.391 alcohol + 0.166 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.155 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.153 sulphates
## - 0.135 chlorides - 0.101 pH
##
## Model 14:
##
## Rule 14/1: [126 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 3.4 - 1.651 alcohol - 0.911 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.594 `fixed acidity` - 0.556 `citric acid` + 0.418 pH
## + 0.271 chlorides - 0.022 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.017 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 14/2: [752 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.27 alcohol - 0.215 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.097 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 14/3: [396 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates <= -0.0465041
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.638 sulphates - 0.476 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.437 `citric acid` + 0.364 chlorides + 0.282 alcohol
## - 0.23 pH + 0.011 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 14/4: [69 cases, mean 5.8, range 4 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.7 + 0.94 alcohol + 0.437 density - 0.046 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.032 sulphates + 0.03 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 14/5: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5 - 0.977 `volatile acidity` - 0.204 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.194 `citric acid` + 0.189 alcohol
## - 0.116 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 14/6: [111 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 4.4 + 1.451 alcohol - 0.548 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.113 `fixed acidity` + 0.058 sulphates
##
## Rule 14/7: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4 + 2.395 `volatile acidity` + 0.052 alcohol + 0.048 sulphates
##
## Model 15:
##
## Rule 15/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.161 alcohol + 0.119 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.096 `citric acid` - 0.085 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.074 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.067 sulphates
## - 0.062 chlorides - 0.05 pH
##
## Rule 15/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.297 alcohol - 0.247 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.227 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.201 sulphates - 0.152 pH
## - 0.089 chlorides
##
## Model 16:
##
## Rule 16/1: [14 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 6, est err 2.0]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH <= 0.7021303
## sulphates <= -0.0465041
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 14.5 + 8.607 sulphates + 4.654 alcohol + 4.437 pH
## + 0.911 `volatile acidity` - 0.008 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 16/2: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 3.8 - 1.391 alcohol - 0.486 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.197 `citric acid` + 0.189 `fixed acidity` + 0.138 pH
## + 0.092 chlorides - 0.027 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.023 sulphates - 0.019 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 16/3: [289 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## pH <= 0.7021303
## sulphates <= -0.0465041
## alcohol > -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 0.769 sulphates - 0.404 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.319 `citric acid` + 0.318 chlorides + 0.178 alcohol
## - 0.128 `fixed acidity` + 0.025 density - 0.014 pH
##
## Rule 16/4: [118 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## pH > 0.7021303
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.7 - 0.719 `volatile acidity` + 0.042 alcohol
##
## Rule 16/5: [36 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 6, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.4944837
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.7 + 0.445 `citric acid` + 0.32 pH
##
## Rule 16/6: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.254 `volatile acidity` + 0.179 alcohol
## - 0.057 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 16/7: [72 cases, mean 5.5, range 4 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## sulphates > -0.4831623
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 1.499 `volatile acidity` - 0.776 `citric acid`
## + 0.659 density - 0.317 `residual sugar` - 0.291 alcohol
## + 0.276 chlorides - 0.221 sulphates + 0.112 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.082 pH
##
## Rule 16/8: [419 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= 0.8852948
## sulphates <= 0.8268123
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.818 sulphates - 0.42 chlorides - 0.406 density
## + 0.318 `residual sugar` + 0.229 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.143 `volatile acidity` + 0.048 `citric acid`
## - 0.044 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.021 pH
##
## Rule 16/9: [69 cases, mean 5.8, range 4 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.6 - 0.257 `volatile acidity` + 0.188 alcohol
## - 0.115 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.078 sulphates
## - 0.024 `fixed acidity` + 0.023 density - 0.013 pH
## - 0.011 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 16/10: [99 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.3 + 1.524 alcohol - 0.528 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.318 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.194 density
## + 0.021 sulphates
##
## Rule 16/11: [283 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.3 - 1.111 chlorides - 0.964 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.175 `citric acid` - 0.161 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.143 `fixed acidity` + 0.077 `residual sugar` - 0.077 pH
##
## Rule 16/12: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.5 + 2.474 `volatile acidity` + 0.043 alcohol
## + 0.028 sulphates
##
## Rule 16/13: [45 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= 0.8852948
## sulphates > 0.8268123
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 6.4 - 1.164 `fixed acidity` - 0.91 pH
## - 0.731 `volatile acidity` + 0.046 sulphates - 0.024 density
##
## Model 17:
##
## Rule 17/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.114 alcohol + 0.112 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.055 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.038 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.034 sulphates
##
## Rule 17/2: [397 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.553901
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.693 sulphates + 0.407 alcohol
## - 0.398 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.384 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.227 pH
##
## Rule 17/3: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.433 alcohol - 0.256 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.208 sulphates + 0.192 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.124 pH
##
## Model 18:
##
## Rule 18/1: [53 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates <= -0.1556687
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.302 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.286 alcohol
## + 0.23 sulphates - 0.082 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.07 `volatile acidity` - 0.028 `citric acid`
## - 0.013 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 18/2: [752 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.217 `volatile acidity` + 0.138 alcohol
## - 0.091 `citric acid` - 0.054 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.047 `residual sugar` - 0.041 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 18/3: [650 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.438 `volatile acidity` + 0.283 alcohol
## + 0.266 sulphates + 0.23 `residual sugar`
## - 0.226 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 18/4: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.922 `volatile acidity` - 0.25 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.175 sulphates - 0.15 chlorides + 0.113 alcohol
##
## Rule 18/5: [58 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates > -0.1556687
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 1.065 sulphates + 1.003 alcohol - 0.365 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 19:
##
## Rule 19/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.417 alcohol + 0.163 `fixed acidity` + 0.113 pH
## - 0.016 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.014 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.012 density + 0.012 sulphates
##
## Rule 19/2: [30 cases, mean 5.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.8554384
## alcohol > -0.910507
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 8.3 + 5.19 alcohol + 0.156 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 19/3: [24 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.8554384
## alcohol <= -0.910507
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 3.71 alcohol - 1.162 pH + 1.101 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 19/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.326 alcohol - 0.278 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.25 sulphates + 0.239 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.239 pH
##
## Model 20:
##
## Rule 20/1: [32 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 1.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates <= -0.1556687
## alcohol > 0.6381389
## alcohol <= 1.896414
## then
## outcome = 2.1 + 2.871 alcohol - 0.798 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.784 `fixed acidity` + 0.46 `citric acid`
## - 0.412 `residual sugar` - 0.058 pH
##
## Rule 20/2: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.404 `volatile acidity` + 0.13 alcohol
## - 0.117 `citric acid` - 0.1 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 20/3: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.939 `volatile acidity` - 0.205 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.168 alcohol
##
## Rule 20/4: [11 cases, mean 6.0, range 4 to 7, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates <= -0.1556687
## alcohol > 1.896414
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 4.649 sulphates + 2.367 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 20/5: [55 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## sulphates > -0.1556687
## alcohol > 0.6381389
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 1.183 sulphates + 1.097 alcohol - 0.482 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.31 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 21:
##
## Rule 21/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.357 `fixed acidity` + 0.277 pH
##
## Rule 21/2: [254 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.4404711
## then
## outcome = 4.9 + 0.227 `volatile acidity` + 0.184 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 21/3: [906 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 1.099724
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.618 sulphates + 0.221 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.202 `citric acid` - 0.116 alcohol
##
## Rule 21/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.458 alcohol + 0.281 sulphates
## - 0.276 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.213 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.186 pH - 0.04 chlorides
##
## Model 22:
##
## Rule 22/1: [428 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.252 `volatile acidity` - 0.173 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.04 alcohol
##
## Rule 22/2: [104 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.6402923
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.7 - 0.667 `volatile acidity` - 0.307 density + 0.155 alcohol
##
## Rule 22/3: [358 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.6402923
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.619 alcohol - 0.326 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.253 `volatile acidity` - 0.24 pH - 0.031 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 22/4: [228 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.446599
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 1.282 `volatile acidity` - 0.444 chlorides
## + 0.358 `citric acid` + 0.342 alcohol - 0.328 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.238 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.2 pH
## + 0.143 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 22/5: [270 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.6 - 0.359 density - 0.324 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.148 `citric acid` - 0.136 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.134 chlorides + 0.099 alcohol
## - 0.099 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.083 pH
## + 0.059 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 23:
##
## Rule 23/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.68 sulphates + 0.308 `fixed acidity` - 0.21 density
## - 0.186 `citric acid` + 0.096 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 23/2: [961 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 2.186785
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.362 alcohol - 0.291 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.241 density - 0.179 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 23/3: [39 cases, mean 6.4, range 4 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## alcohol > 2.186785
## then
## outcome = 12.5 - 1.879 alcohol - 0.021 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 24:
##
## Rule 24/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.34 alcohol - 0.246 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.153 `citric acid` + 0.067 `fixed acidity` - 0.043 density
## - 0.031 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.031 sulphates
## - 0.029 chlorides - 0.026 pH + 0.024 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 24/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.381 alcohol - 0.342 pH - 0.299 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.243 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.235 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.188 sulphates + 0.168 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.049 density - 0.033 chlorides
##
## Model 25:
##
## Rule 25/1: [563 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.1556687
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.628 sulphates - 0.09 density + 0.079 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.017 alcohol - 0.016 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 25/2: [437 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.1556687
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.397 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.136 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.025 alcohol + 0.02 sulphates
##
## Model 26:
##
## Rule 26/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.293 `volatile acidity` - 0.275 `citric acid`
## + 0.181 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 26/2: [32 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -8 - 13.116 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.897 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.043 alcohol - 0.031 `fixed acidity` - 0.026 pH
##
## Rule 26/3: [522 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.545 alcohol - 0.345 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.327 `fixed acidity` - 0.3 pH
## - 0.147 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.113 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.077 sulphates - 0.008 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 26/4: [42 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## chlorides > 0.1327215
## pH > -1.703726
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 1.261 pH - 0.853 `fixed acidity` + 0.625 `citric acid`
## - 0.219 `volatile acidity` + 0.165 alcohol
##
## Rule 26/5: [32 cases, mean 5.8, range 4 to 8, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## pH > 1.33525
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 10.1 + 2.633 `fixed acidity` - 1.232 pH + 1.104 alcohol
## - 0.797 density
##
## Rule 26/6: [10 cases, mean 5.9, range 5 to 7, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## pH <= -1.703726
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -2.9 - 4.388 pH
##
## Rule 26/7: [292 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.773 `volatile acidity` + 0.569 alcohol
## - 0.399 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.346 chlorides - 0.329 pH
## + 0.303 `residual sugar` + 0.221 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.198 density
##
## Model 27:
##
## Rule 27/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.542 sulphates + 0.138 `fixed acidity` - 0.064 density
## - 0.036 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.031 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.028 pH - 0.026 chlorides
##
## Rule 27/2: [88 cases, mean 5.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.152 pH - 0.124 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.086 `citric acid` + 0.032 sulphates
## + 0.022 `fixed acidity` - 0.022 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.019 `volatile acidity` - 0.016 chlorides
##
## Rule 27/3: [182 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6.7 + 0.818 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.457 pH
## + 0.456 `citric acid` - 0.245 sulphates
## - 0.077 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 27/4: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.521 `citric acid` - 0.202 pH
## - 0.038 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.029 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.011 chlorides
##
## Model 28:
##
## Rule 28/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.286 `citric acid` - 0.275 alcohol
## - 0.233 `volatile acidity` + 0.164 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.1 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.046 pH
## + 0.031 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 28/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.579 alcohol - 0.421 pH - 0.365 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.335 `fixed acidity` + 0.257 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.211 sulphates - 0.129 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 29:
##
## Rule 29/1: [657 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.654 sulphates + 0.052 `fixed acidity` + 0.046 pH
## - 0.044 `volatile acidity` - 0.022 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.013 density
##
## Rule 29/2: [343 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.295 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.09 `citric acid`
## + 0.052 `fixed acidity` + 0.046 pH - 0.044 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.035 sulphates - 0.022 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.013 density
##
## Model 30:
##
## Rule 30/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 - 0.316 `citric acid` - 0.296 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.223 `fixed acidity` + 0.096 alcohol
## - 0.03 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.028 pH - 0.019 chlorides
## + 0.019 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 30/2: [32 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -7.9 - 13.15 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.886 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.037 alcohol - 0.023 `fixed acidity` - 0.023 pH
##
## Rule 30/3: [522 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 0.617 alcohol - 0.435 pH - 0.372 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.27 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.233 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.164 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.101 sulphates
##
## Rule 30/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.606 alcohol - 0.557 `volatile acidity` - 0.364 pH
## - 0.166 `fixed acidity` - 0.134 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.081 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.05 sulphates
##
## Model 31:
##
## Rule 31/1: [26 cases, mean 5.0, range 4 to 6, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 1.671341
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 4.3 - 0.527 alcohol + 0.269 `citric acid`
## + 0.195 `volatile acidity` + 0.146 sulphates
## - 0.021 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.014 pH
## + 0.011 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 31/2: [657 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.669 sulphates + 0.096 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.095 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 31/3: [84 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## chlorides > 0.0726212
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.671341
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 0.431 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.43 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.406 `citric acid` - 0.235 sulphates
##
## Rule 31/4: [50 cases, mean 5.9, range 4 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `citric acid` <= -0.972158
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 10.4 + 2.558 `citric acid` + 1.003 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.545 alcohol + 0.036 chlorides + 0.027 pH
## - 0.022 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.009 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 31/5: [13 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 7, est err 1.5]
##
## if
## `citric acid` > 1.775745
## chlorides > 0.0726212
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 10 - 2.025 `citric acid` - 1.238 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.772 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 31/6: [203 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `citric acid` > -0.972158
## chlorides <= 0.0726212
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 0.736 chlorides - 0.465 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.33 pH
## - 0.213 `volatile acidity` + 0.213 density
## + 0.097 `fixed acidity` + 0.04 `residual sugar`
## + 0.029 alcohol
##
## Model 32:
##
## Rule 32/1: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.419 alcohol - 0.238 `citric acid`
## - 0.23 `volatile acidity` + 0.151 `fixed acidity` - 0.047 pH
## - 0.019 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 32/2: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.547 alcohol - 0.33 pH - 0.288 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.154 density - 0.018 `citric acid`
## - 0.012 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 33:
##
## Rule 33/1: [59 cases, mean 5.1, range 4 to 6, est err 0.3]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 1.971553
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.223 `volatile acidity` + 0.213 `citric acid`
## + 0.073 `residual sugar` + 0.034 sulphates
##
## Rule 33/2: [380 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol <= -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.42 sulphates + 0.115 pH - 0.11 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.061 `fixed acidity` - 0.05 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.021 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 33/3: [23 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.971553
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 18.3 + 9.192 alcohol + 2.949 sulphates - 1.199 `citric acid`
## + 0.849 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 33/4: [272 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.971553
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol > -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.969 sulphates + 0.42 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.368 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 33/5: [343 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.376 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.044 sulphates
## + 0.042 pH + 0.022 `fixed acidity` - 0.018 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 34:
##
## Rule 34/1: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.309 alcohol - 0.172 `volatile acidity` - 0.097 pH
## - 0.072 chlorides - 0.063 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 34/2: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.54 alcohol - 0.308 pH - 0.296 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.102 `fixed acidity` - 0.1 density - 0.018 chlorides
## - 0.015 `citric acid`
##
## Model 35:
##
## Rule 35/1: [237 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.5305347
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.067 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.057 sulphates + 0.04 pH
## + 0.037 `fixed acidity` + 0.022 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 35/2: [548 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.5305347
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.917 sulphates - 0.067 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.042 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 35/3: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.411 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.221 pH
## + 0.181 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 35/4: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.666 `citric acid` - 0.065 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.042 pH
##
## Model 36:
##
## Rule 36/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.232 `citric acid` - 0.215 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.199 alcohol + 0.198 `fixed acidity` - 0.021 pH
##
## Rule 36/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.623 alcohol - 0.455 pH - 0.342 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.152 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.151 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.149 sulphates + 0.132 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 37:
##
## Rule 37/1: [788 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.762 sulphates - 0.175 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.112 density + 0.096 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.085 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.015 pH
## - 0.014 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 37/2: [212 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.7 - 0.377 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.309 pH + 0.15 density
##
## Rule 37/3: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.4 - 0.163 `volatile acidity` + 0.125 pH
## - 0.112 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.108 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.047 `fixed acidity` + 0.045 density + 0.042 sulphates
##
## Model 38:
##
## Rule 38/1: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 0.551 alcohol - 0.249 `citric acid`
## + 0.2 `fixed acidity` - 0.18 `volatile acidity` - 0.031 pH
##
## Rule 38/2: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.628 alcohol - 0.443 pH - 0.288 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.211 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.194 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.175 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.157 sulphates
##
## Model 39:
##
## Rule 39/1: [804 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.553901
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.677 sulphates - 0.12 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.085 density + 0.067 `fixed acidity` + 0.031 pH
## - 0.025 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 39/2: [121 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.553901
## alcohol <= 1.799623
## then
## outcome = 5.5 - 0.256 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.16 density
## - 0.155 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.11 pH
##
## Rule 39/3: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.2 - 0.142 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.111 pH
## - 0.107 `volatile acidity` - 0.085 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.066 density
##
## Rule 39/4: [63 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.799623
## then
## outcome = 10.4 - 1.661 alcohol - 0.073 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.051 pH
##
## Model 40:
##
## Rule 40/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.251 `citric acid` - 0.245 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.228 alcohol + 0.197 `fixed acidity` - 0.043 pH
## + 0.026 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.023 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 40/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.599 alcohol - 0.482 pH - 0.321 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.281 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.242 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.221 sulphates - 0.156 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 41:
##
## Rule 41/1: [788 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.75 sulphates - 0.116 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.084 density + 0.018 pH - 0.015 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.012 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 41/2: [212 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.416 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.29 pH
## - 0.286 `volatile acidity` + 0.143 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 42:
##
## Rule 42/1: [428 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.396 alcohol - 0.224 `citric acid`
## - 0.213 `volatile acidity` + 0.21 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.026 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.024 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.022 pH
##
## Rule 42/2: [572 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.633 alcohol - 0.502 pH - 0.29 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.284 `fixed acidity` - 0.249 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.249 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 43:
##
## Rule 43/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.71 sulphates - 0.083 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 43/2: [108 cases, mean 5.6, range 4 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.07018395
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol <= 2.283575
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.435 density - 0.426 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.069 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.063 pH + 0.046 alcohol
## + 0.017 sulphates + 0.01 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 43/3: [12 cases, mean 5.8, range 5 to 7, est err 3.8]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 2.162199
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 13 - 4.631 chlorides - 2.338 `fixed acidity` - 0.521 sulphates
## + 0.374 `volatile acidity` - 0.258 alcohol
##
## Rule 43/4: [31 cases, mean 6.0, range 5 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6.2 - 0.662 `citric acid` - 0.044 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.036 pH + 0.02 alcohol + 0.013 density
##
## Rule 43/5: [132 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.07018395
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6.4 + 0.603 alcohol - 0.485 `citric acid`
## - 0.317 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 43/6: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.3 + 0.547 `citric acid` - 0.075 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.06 `volatile acidity` + 0.055 pH
##
## Rule 43/7: [14 cases, mean 6.9, range 6 to 8, est err 2.4]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= 2.162199
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol > 2.283575
## then
## outcome = 18.3 - 4.384 alcohol + 3.294 pH + 2.107 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.757 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 44:
##
## Rule 44/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.249 alcohol - 0.246 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.212 `citric acid` + 0.188 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.043 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.038 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.025 pH
##
## Rule 44/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.537 alcohol - 0.448 pH - 0.346 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.322 `fixed acidity` + 0.269 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.211 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 45:
##
## Rule 45/1: [804 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.553901
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.806 sulphates - 0.1 density
## - 0.076 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.075 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.018 pH - 0.012 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.01 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.009 chlorides
##
## Rule 45/2: [196 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.553901
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.37 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.215 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.186 pH + 0.077 density + 0.043 sulphates
## + 0.029 `fixed acidity` - 0.014 chlorides
## - 0.01 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 46:
##
## Rule 46/1: [428 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 0.465 alcohol + 0.266 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.235 `volatile acidity` - 0.223 `citric acid` + 0.11 pH
## - 0.035 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.03 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 46/2: [34 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = -7.7 - 12.924 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.938 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 46/3: [522 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.644 alcohol - 0.397 pH - 0.305 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.262 `fixed acidity` - 0.245 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.183 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 46/4: [41 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.1584431
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## pH > 1.33525
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 10.1 + 2.644 `fixed acidity` - 1.225 pH + 0.991 alcohol
## - 0.951 density
##
## Rule 46/5: [309 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.1584431
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.76 `volatile acidity` - 0.587 pH + 0.58 alcohol
## - 0.368 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.287 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.226 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 47:
##
## Rule 47/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.669 sulphates - 0.069 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.03 pH
## - 0.021 `volatile acidity` + 0.02 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.011 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 47/2: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.326 pH - 0.304 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.235 `volatile acidity` + 0.178 `citric acid`
##
## Model 48:
##
## Rule 48/1: [230 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.47 alcohol + 0.434 `fixed acidity` - 0.287 density
## - 0.278 `volatile acidity` - 0.097 `citric acid`
## + 0.095 `residual sugar` - 0.036 pH
## + 0.035 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.034 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 48/2: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.67 alcohol + 0.033 density
##
## Rule 48/3: [308 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## then
## outcome = 6.8 - 0.778 pH + 0.667 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.467 alcohol
## - 0.423 `citric acid` - 0.34 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.329 sulphates + 0.014 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 48/4: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5 - 0.737 `volatile acidity` + 0.523 alcohol - 0.254 pH
## + 0.077 `fixed acidity` - 0.069 `citric acid` - 0.043 density
## + 0.033 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.032 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 48/5: [45 cases, mean 5.9, range 5 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.0935873
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH <= 0.005698082
## then
## outcome = 8.1 + 2.85 `volatile acidity` + 1.796 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.714 alcohol + 0.013 `fixed acidity` - 0.013 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 48/6: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 8.1 - 0.509 alcohol - 0.495 chlorides - 0.495 density
## + 0.394 `volatile acidity` - 0.35 pH
## - 0.349 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.341 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 49:
##
## Rule 49/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.587 sulphates - 0.115 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.033 `volatile acidity` - 0.028 chlorides
##
## Rule 49/2: [12 cases, mean 5.8, range 5 to 7, est err 2.8]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 2.162199
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 13.2 - 5.453 chlorides - 2.328 `fixed acidity`
## - 1.114 sulphates + 0.333 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 49/3: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.232 pH + 0.194 alcohol - 0.186 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.121 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 49/4: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.898 `citric acid` + 0.275 alcohol
##
## Model 50:
##
## Rule 50/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.269 `volatile acidity` - 0.249 `citric acid`
## - 0.24 alcohol + 0.181 `fixed acidity` - 0.05 pH
## - 0.04 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.031 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 50/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.559 alcohol - 0.427 pH - 0.311 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.282 `fixed acidity` + 0.217 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.155 `volatile acidity` + 0.145 sulphates
##
## Model 51:
##
## Rule 51/1: [26 cases, mean 5.0, range 4 to 6, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 1.671341
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 0.603 alcohol + 0.205 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.046 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.036 sulphates
##
## Rule 51/2: [133 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= 2.053303
## `volatile acidity` > -0.6064972
## chlorides > 0.05258777
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.671341
## density > -1.225798
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.291 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.067 pH
## + 0.053 `citric acid` - 0.045 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 51/3: [657 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.633 sulphates - 0.028 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.026 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 51/4: [121 cases, mean 5.9, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.6064972
## chlorides <= 0.05258777
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 6.8 + 2.035 chlorides - 0.991 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.725 `fixed acidity` + 0.655 pH - 0.636 sulphates
## - 0.537 density + 0.426 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.281 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 51/5: [343 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.214 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.089 pH
## - 0.081 `volatile acidity` - 0.079 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.07 alcohol + 0.055 density
##
## Rule 51/6: [20 cases, mean 6.2, range 5 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 2.053303
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 10.8 - 1.637 `fixed acidity` - 0.873 alcohol + 0.009 pH
##
## Rule 51/7: [18 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.6064972
## density <= -1.225798
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 4 + 1.843 pH
##
## Model 52:
##
## Rule 52/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.298 `volatile acidity` - 0.283 `citric acid`
## + 0.236 `fixed acidity` + 0.039 alcohol - 0.013 pH
##
## Rule 52/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.619 alcohol - 0.52 pH - 0.354 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.232 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.223 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.16 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.087 sulphates
##
## Model 53:
##
## Rule 53/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.679 sulphates - 0.077 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 53/2: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.357 pH - 0.278 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.143 `citric acid` - 0.027 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 53/3: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.765 `citric acid` - 0.032 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.025 pH
##
## Model 54:
##
## Rule 54/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.282 `citric acid` - 0.263 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.213 alcohol + 0.205 `fixed acidity` - 0.064 pH
## - 0.049 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.042 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 54/2: [166 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > 0.1215907
## pH > -1.007294
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.95 alcohol - 0.532 `volatile acidity` - 0.349 pH
## - 0.077 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.061 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.03 `citric acid` - 0.029 `fixed acidity` + 0.019 sulphates
##
## Rule 54/3: [43 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.1215907
## chlorides > 0.1327215
## pH > -1.007294
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 1.824 pH + 1.078 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 1.058 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.688 density
## + 0.392 sulphates + 0.009 alcohol
##
## Rule 54/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.868 pH + 0.776 `citric acid` - 0.732 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.13 alcohol - 0.073 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.055 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.041 sulphates
## - 0.027 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 54/5: [380 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## chlorides <= 0.1327215
## pH > -1.007294
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.53 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.489 alcohol
## + 0.393 `fixed acidity` - 0.361 pH
## + 0.345 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.275 density
## + 0.224 `residual sugar` - 0.035 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 55:
##
## Rule 55/1: [749 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.3355719
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.643 sulphates + 0.233 alcohol - 0.139 `citric acid`
## + 0.069 pH - 0.059 `volatile acidity` + 0.042 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.033 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 55/2: [251 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.3355719
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 0.502 pH - 0.325 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.241 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.221 alcohol
## + 0.133 `fixed acidity` + 0.026 sulphates
## - 0.019 `citric acid` - 0.015 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 56:
##
## Rule 56/1: [879 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.211 `volatile acidity` + 0.205 alcohol - 0.205 pH
## - 0.176 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.13 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.126 density + 0.11 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 56/2: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 7.6 - 0.969 `fixed acidity` - 0.882 pH - 0.734 chlorides
## - 0.483 alcohol - 0.481 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.396 `volatile acidity` + 0.279 `citric acid`
## + 0.247 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 57:
##
## Rule 57/1: [405 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## alcohol <= -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.482 sulphates - 0.221 `citric acid` + 0.117 pH
## + 0.106 alcohol + 0.101 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.091 `volatile acidity` - 0.032 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 57/2: [25 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 18.4 + 9.325 alcohol + 2.311 sulphates - 1.14 `citric acid`
## - 1.071 pH
##
## Rule 57/3: [325 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## alcohol > -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.917 sulphates + 0.144 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.133 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.06 alcohol
## - 0.038 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 57/4: [119 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.2003015
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.5 + 0.9 `residual sugar` + 0.466 alcohol + 0.346 pH
## + 0.049 density - 0.032 `citric acid`
## - 0.027 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 57/5: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.1 + 0.276 alcohol - 0.19 `citric acid` + 0.142 pH
## + 0.141 density - 0.119 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.118 `fixed acidity` - 0.105 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.103 sulphates
##
## Rule 57/6: [72 cases, mean 6.2, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.459 pH + 0.409 alcohol - 0.072 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.027 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 57/7: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.3 + 0.593 alcohol + 0.465 `citric acid` + 0.239 density
## - 0.033 `volatile acidity` + 0.028 pH
## - 0.021 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 58:
##
## Rule 58/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.269 alcohol - 0.227 pH - 0.215 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.194 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.147 sulphates
## - 0.105 density - 0.101 chlorides + 0.09 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 59:
##
## Rule 59/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 + 0.324 pH + 0.255 `fixed acidity` - 0.238 alcohol
## - 0.063 `volatile acidity` + 0.044 sulphates
## - 0.041 `citric acid` - 0.037 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 59/2: [804 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.553901
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.863 sulphates + 0.291 alcohol
##
## Rule 59/3: [196 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.553901
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.308 alcohol + 0.164 pH + 0.148 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.123 `volatile acidity` + 0.114 sulphates
## - 0.079 `citric acid` - 0.072 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 60:
##
## Rule 60/1: [350 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 0.211 `volatile acidity` + 0.196 alcohol
## + 0.165 `fixed acidity` - 0.131 pH - 0.128 `citric acid`
## - 0.096 density - 0.055 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 60/2: [650 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.7 - 0.406 `volatile acidity` + 0.388 alcohol
## - 0.324 `citric acid` - 0.287 pH + 0.18 sulphates
##
## Rule 60/3: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.781 `volatile acidity` - 0.257 pH + 0.246 alcohol
## - 0.238 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.046 density
## + 0.041 sulphates - 0.03 chlorides + 0.019 `residual sugar`
## + 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.016 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 60/4: [86 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.6381389
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4 + 1.685 alcohol - 0.651 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.335 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.311 `citric acid`
## - 0.276 `fixed acidity` - 0.067 pH - 0.06 density
##
## Rule 60/5: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 3.8 + 2.359 `volatile acidity` + 0.151 alcohol - 0.098 pH
## - 0.088 density
##
## Model 61:
##
## Rule 61/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.412 alcohol + 0.286 pH + 0.209 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.047 sulphates + 0.041 `citric acid`
## - 0.036 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.032 chlorides
## + 0.028 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 61/2: [466 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.265 alcohol - 0.192 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.05 sulphates + 0.035 `citric acid` - 0.027 chlorides
## + 0.024 pH + 0.023 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 61/3: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.361 alcohol + 0.189 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.047 sulphates
##
## Model 62:
##
## Rule 62/1: [350 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.408 alcohol - 0.316 `volatile acidity` - 0.277 pH
## - 0.144 sulphates - 0.036 `citric acid`
## - 0.023 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 62/2: [400 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## pH <= 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.977 alcohol - 0.532 pH + 0.281 `residual sugar`
## - 0.205 `fixed acidity` - 0.097 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.071 `citric acid` + 0.021 sulphates
## - 0.011 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 62/3: [222 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.4 - 0.89 pH + 0.613 alcohol + 0.581 sulphates
## - 0.342 `fixed acidity` - 0.12 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.098 `citric acid` + 0.058 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 62/4: [99 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.4 + 1.39 alcohol - 0.514 `volatile acidity` - 0.201 density
## + 0.049 sulphates + 0.043 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 62/5: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.913 `volatile acidity` + 0.327 alcohol
## - 0.297 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.213 pH
##
## Rule 62/6: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 3.9 + 2.367 `volatile acidity` - 0.048 density + 0.045 alcohol
## + 0.044 sulphates + 0.039 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 63:
##
## Rule 63/1: [17 cases, mean 5.1, range 5 to 6, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 1.671341
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 3 + 0.811 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.056 alcohol
## + 0.044 sulphates + 0.033 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.023 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 63/2: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.4 - 1 alcohol + 0.475 pH + 0.369 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.133 sulphates - 0.024 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.021 chlorides + 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.015 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 63/3: [534 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.273 alcohol + 0.232 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 63/4: [434 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.671341
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.286 alcohol - 0.113 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.082 `citric acid` + 0.035 sulphates
## + 0.026 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 64:
##
## Rule 64/1: [324 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.277 `volatile acidity` + 0.204 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.148 alcohol - 0.131 density - 0.129 `citric acid`
## - 0.101 pH - 0.075 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.027 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 64/2: [480 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.95 alcohol - 0.553 pH - 0.523 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.419 density - 0.11 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 64/3: [26 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 1.603 density - 1.239 `volatile acidity` - 0.108 pH
## + 0.063 sulphates + 0.052 alcohol - 0.049 `citric acid`
## + 0.028 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 64/4: [48 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 4.2 + 2.076 alcohol + 1.025 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.127 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 64/5: [192 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -1.104703
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.5 - 0.959 pH + 0.61 sulphates - 0.547 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.504 alcohol - 0.153 `citric acid`
## - 0.139 `volatile acidity` + 0.086 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 64/6: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.926 `volatile acidity` + 0.288 alcohol - 0.244 pH
## - 0.157 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.015 `citric acid`
## + 0.01 `fixed acidity` - 0.008 density
##
## Rule 64/7: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 7.2 - 0.857 `fixed acidity` - 0.631 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.546 pH - 0.53 chlorides - 0.427 alcohol
## + 0.269 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 65:
##
## Rule 65/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 + 0.312 pH - 0.31 alcohol + 0.218 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.079 sulphates - 0.057 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.05 chlorides - 0.045 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.03 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 65/2: [534 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.301 alcohol + 0.155 sulphates
## - 0.112 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.099 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.072 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 65/3: [466 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.347 alcohol - 0.236 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.033 sulphates + 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.01 `citric acid` + 0.009 pH
##
## Model 66:
##
## Rule 66/1: [20 cases, mean 5.1, range 4 to 6, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 1.804 density - 1.324 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 66/2: [230 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.349 alcohol - 0.28 `volatile acidity` - 0.13 pH
## - 0.084 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 66/3: [121 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.0464296
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.9 - 0.927 pH + 0.597 sulphates - 0.496 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.44 alcohol - 0.44 `citric acid` - 0.289 density
## + 0.233 chlorides + 0.062 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.038 `residual sugar` - 0.036 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 66/4: [28 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.0464296
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 7.7 + 9.671 `volatile acidity` + 0.973 `residual sugar`
## - 0.182 pH - 0.167 `fixed acidity` + 0.107 sulphates
## + 0.085 alcohol
##
## Rule 66/5: [650 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.452 alcohol - 0.334 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.053 `citric acid` - 0.035 pH
##
## Rule 66/6: [32 cases, mean 5.8, range 5 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.0935873
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH <= 0.005698082
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 8.6 + 3.06 `volatile acidity` + 1.998 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.908 alcohol
##
## Rule 66/7: [99 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.3 + 1.466 alcohol - 0.501 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.303 sulphates + 0.3 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.187 density
## + 0.02 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 66/8: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.869 `volatile acidity` + 0.231 alcohol - 0.184 pH
## - 0.173 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 66/9: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.5 + 2.265 `volatile acidity` + 0.025 alcohol - 0.02 density
## + 0.015 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 67:
##
## Rule 67/1: [31 cases, mean 5.1, range 3 to 6, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.6920933
## sulphates <= -0.1556687
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 + 0.291 alcohol + 0.233 sulphates
## - 0.206 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.167 chlorides
## + 0.104 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.102 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 67/2: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 0.443 alcohol + 0.212 pH - 0.062 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.021 `fixed acidity` + 0.008 sulphates
##
## Rule 67/3: [15 cases, mean 5.5, range 5 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7780128
## chlorides > -0.3681144
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.5202075
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 2.1 - 4.019 `fixed acidity` - 1.72 chlorides + 1.413 alcohol
## - 1.033 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 67/4: [63 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.6920933
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 1.221 `fixed acidity` - 0.862 density
## + 0.491 `volatile acidity` + 0.02 alcohol + 0.015 sulphates
## - 0.014 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.011 chlorides
##
## Rule 67/5: [122 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## chlorides <= -0.3681144
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.5202075
## then
## outcome = 4.7 - 1.717 chlorides + 0.383 alcohol
## - 0.291 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.051 sulphates
## + 0.027 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.023 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 67/6: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.274 alcohol + 0.178 sulphates
## - 0.132 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.094 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.08 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 67/7: [154 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7780128
## chlorides > -0.3681144
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.5202075
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.4 - 2.101 chlorides - 0.364 pH - 0.345 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.018 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.012 alcohol
##
## Rule 67/8: [150 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5202075
## pH > -0.9439822
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.315 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.208 density
## + 0.178 alcohol + 0.167 `residual sugar` + 0.157 `citric acid`
## + 0.053 sulphates - 0.045 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.026 chlorides
##
## Rule 67/9: [30 cases, mean 6.4, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5202075
## pH <= -0.9439822
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.6 - 3.906 `total sulfur dioxide` + 1.51 pH
## - 0.077 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.047 density
## + 0.038 `residual sugar` + 0.03 `citric acid`
##
## Model 68:
##
## Rule 68/1: [20 cases, mean 5.1, range 4 to 6, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 7.1 + 2.05 `fixed acidity` - 1.51 density
## - 1.126 `volatile acidity` - 0.523 `residual sugar`
## + 0.232 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 68/2: [18 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 1.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 16.5 + 8.069 alcohol
##
## Rule 68/3: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.31 alcohol - 0.261 `volatile acidity` - 0.072 pH
## - 0.01 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 68/4: [283 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.601 `volatile acidity` + 0.574 alcohol
## - 0.368 `citric acid` - 0.303 pH + 0.271 chlorides
## - 0.068 `fixed acidity` + 0.052 `residual sugar`
## + 0.048 density + 0.037 sulphates
##
## Rule 68/5: [99 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.5 + 1.433 alcohol - 0.502 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.296 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.083 density
## + 0.026 sulphates - 0.017 pH
##
## Rule 68/6: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5 - 0.921 `volatile acidity` + 0.318 alcohol - 0.175 pH
## - 0.12 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 68/7: [72 cases, mean 5.9, range 4 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -1.104703
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.1556687
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 6.8 + 0.733 alcohol - 0.474 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.429 `volatile acidity` + 0.333 density - 0.281 pH
## + 0.037 `residual sugar` - 0.035 `citric acid`
## + 0.025 sulphates
##
## Rule 68/8: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.3 + 2.058 `volatile acidity` + 0.118 alcohol
## + 0.09 sulphates - 0.059 pH - 0.056 density
##
## Model 69:
##
## Rule 69/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 + 0.168 pH + 0.151 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.134 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.088 alcohol
## + 0.049 sulphates - 0.037 chlorides
## + 0.024 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 69/2: [534 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.284 alcohol + 0.09 sulphates
## - 0.073 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.036 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 69/3: [466 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.307 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.295 alcohol
## + 0.069 sulphates + 0.03 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.024 chlorides + 0.009 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 70:
##
## Rule 70/1: [21 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 6, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 12.5 + 5.401 alcohol - 1.231 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 70/2: [126 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 3.6 - 1.477 alcohol - 0.707 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.35 `citric acid` + 0.256 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 70/3: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.6 - 0.384 `volatile acidity` + 0.381 alcohol - 0.089 pH
## - 0.065 `citric acid` + 0.043 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.03 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 70/4: [55 cases, mean 5.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.446599
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## pH > 0.5121942
## then
## outcome = 5.1 + 0.37 alcohol - 0.079 `volatile acidity` - 0.009 pH
##
## Rule 70/5: [99 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## alcohol <= 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.3 + 1.431 alcohol - 0.473 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.338 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.147 density - 0.021 pH
## - 0.017 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 70/6: [148 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.446599
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## pH <= 0.5121942
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 4.2 - 2.088 `volatile acidity` - 0.532 chlorides
## - 0.2 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.177 `residual sugar`
## - 0.021 pH
##
## Rule 70/7: [283 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.6 - 0.498 density + 0.493 sulphates
## - 0.128 `volatile acidity` + 0.038 alcohol - 0.034 pH
##
## Rule 70/8: [12 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol > 2.477156
## then
## outcome = 4.1 + 2.201 `volatile acidity` + 0.124 alcohol - 0.085 pH
## - 0.069 `fixed acidity` + 0.039 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 70/9: [109 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.446599
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 8 - 0.81 alcohol - 0.736 chlorides - 0.547 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.066 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.058 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 71:
##
## Rule 71/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.158 pH - 0.151 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.138 `fixed acidity` + 0.096 sulphates + 0.064 alcohol
##
## Rule 71/2: [31 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= -1.019859
## pH > -0.8173581
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -7.8 - 11.952 `free sulfur dioxide` - 1.003 chlorides
## + 0.526 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 71/3: [43 cases, mean 5.4, range 4 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## pH <= -0.8173581
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.1 + 0.438 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.364 alcohol
## - 0.035 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.031 sulphates - 0.014 pH
##
## Rule 71/4: [153 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## pH > -0.8173581
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.539 `fixed acidity` + 0.531 sulphates - 0.267 density
## + 0.193 `residual sugar` + 0.08 alcohol
## - 0.077 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.03 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.03 pH
##
## Rule 71/5: [17 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 7, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## `free sulfur dioxide` > -1.019859
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -1.030568
## sulphates <= -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = -22.7 - 28.18 `total sulfur dioxide` + 4.202 sulphates
## - 0.927 pH + 0.051 `fixed acidity` - 0.029 density
## + 0.021 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 71/6: [295 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.1 - 0.411 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.253 alcohol
## + 0.013 sulphates
##
## Model 72:
##
## Rule 72/1: [21 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 6, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 12.8 + 5.787 alcohol - 1.231 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 72/2: [126 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 3.6 - 1.176 alcohol - 0.982 `volatile acidity` + 0.545 density
## - 0.471 `citric acid` - 0.284 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 72/3: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.5 - 0.363 `volatile acidity` + 0.28 alcohol
## - 0.076 `citric acid` - 0.068 pH
##
## Rule 72/4: [176 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.446599
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## chlorides > -0.4282147
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 1.641 `volatile acidity` - 0.831 chlorides
## - 0.289 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.119 `citric acid`
## - 0.111 pH - 0.104 `fixed acidity` + 0.03 alcohol
##
## Rule 72/5: [89 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## chlorides <= -0.4282147
## then
## outcome = 3.3 - 1.648 chlorides - 1.146 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.381 `citric acid` + 0.273 alcohol - 0.023 pH
## - 0.02 `fixed acidity` - 0.011 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 72/6: [44 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.446599
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.515 sulphates - 0.422 density
## - 0.157 `volatile acidity` - 0.085 chlorides
## + 0.083 `citric acid` - 0.072 `fixed acidity` - 0.056 pH
## - 0.042 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 73:
##
## Rule 73/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.181 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.104 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.103 sulphates + 0.098 pH + 0.096 alcohol
## + 0.018 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 73/2: [30 cases, mean 5.5, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.5057709
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.806 density + 0.739 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 73/3: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.59 sulphates - 0.427 pH + 0.409 alcohol
## - 0.332 `fixed acidity` + 0.311 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.247 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 73/4: [233 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.5057709
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.4 - 0.419 `fixed acidity` + 0.091 alcohol
## - 0.085 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.028 sulphates
##
## Rule 73/5: [197 cases, mean 6.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `residual sugar` <= 1.79231
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.9 + 0.678 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.408 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.365 density
## + 0.313 `residual sugar` + 0.06 alcohol + 0.027 sulphates
##
## Rule 73/6: [13 cases, mean 6.8, range 6 to 8, est err 1.6]
##
## if
## `residual sugar` > 1.79231
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.2102509
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 11.5 - 1.098 `residual sugar` - 0.934 sulphates
## - 0.022 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.018 alcohol
##
## Model 74:
##
## Rule 74/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.5 - 0.298 `volatile acidity` + 0.199 alcohol
## + 0.066 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 75:
##
## Rule 75/1: [38 cases, mean 5.0, range 5 to 5, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 2.121659
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.5 + 0.298 `volatile acidity` - 0.199 alcohol
## - 0.066 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 75/2: [390 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `citric acid` <= 0.9763548
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 2.121659
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 0.442 alcohol - 0.177 `citric acid`
## - 0.118 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.045 sulphates
## + 0.041 `fixed acidity` + 0.023 pH - 0.015 chlorides
## + 0.01 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 75/3: [78 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.6102711
## sulphates <= 1.154306
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 1.122091
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.669 sulphates - 0.436 density
##
## Rule 75/4: [578 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.6102711
## sulphates <= 1.154306
## alcohol <= 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 6.4 + 0.797 sulphates + 0.589 alcohol
## - 0.502 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.039 pH
## + 0.035 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.035 density
##
## Rule 75/5: [570 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.5502287
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 2.121659
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.236 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.147 sulphates
## - 0.104 `citric acid` - 0.1 alcohol - 0.074 chlorides
## + 0.046 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.033 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.018 pH
##
## Rule 75/6: [14 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 6, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## `citric acid` <= 0.9763548
## `total sulfur dioxide` > -0.5502287
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 6.6 - 0.116 alcohol - 0.047 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 75/7: [327 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5502287
## sulphates <= 0.9905592
## then
## outcome = 6.8 + 1.2 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.785 sulphates
## + 0.337 `fixed acidity` - 0.334 `citric acid`
## + 0.181 chlorides + 0.029 alcohol
##
## Rule 75/8: [51 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.5502287
## sulphates > 0.9905592
## then
## outcome = 10.1 + 5.327 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.016 alcohol
## + 0.015 `fixed acidity` - 0.013 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 75/9: [255 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 0.929 `volatile acidity` - 0.6 chlorides + 0.534 alcohol
## - 0.417 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.346 sulphates - 0.343 pH
## + 0.276 `residual sugar` + 0.112 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 75/10: [18 cases, mean 6.2, range 4 to 8, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## alcohol > 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 1.497 chlorides - 1.393 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.04 alcohol + 0.035 sulphates - 0.027 pH
## - 0.023 `fixed acidity` + 0.017 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 75/11: [46 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 1.154306
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## alcohol <= 2.573946
## then
## outcome = 6.4 + 0.469 alcohol - 0.042 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.037 sulphates - 0.028 pH - 0.025 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 75/12: [122 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 1.154306
## alcohol > 1.122091
## then
## outcome = 6.7 + 0.802 sulphates - 0.221 density + 0.187 alcohol
## - 0.119 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.077 pH
## + 0.064 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.016 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 76:
##
## Rule 76/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 0.274 `volatile acidity` + 0.11 alcohol
## + 0.046 `fixed acidity` - 0.024 pH
##
## Rule 76/2: [68 cases, mean 5.6, range 4 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7235644
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.2056008
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 3.4 - 1.704 `fixed acidity` - 0.651 pH - 0.637 density
## + 0.489 `citric acid` - 0.393 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.238 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 76/3: [179 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > 0.2056008
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.61 `volatile acidity` + 0.481 alcohol
##
## Rule 76/4: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.332 `volatile acidity` - 0.256 pH
## - 0.15 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.147 alcohol
## - 0.133 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 77:
##
## Rule 77/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.741 sulphates - 0.24 density + 0.193 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.16 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.152 `citric acid`
## + 0.107 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.088 `residual sugar`
## + 0.066 alcohol
##
## Rule 77/2: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.333 alcohol - 0.304 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.014 sulphates - 0.008 chlorides
##
## Model 78:
##
## Rule 78/1: [428 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.498 alcohol - 0.235 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.219 `fixed acidity` + 0.189 pH - 0.021 chlorides
## - 0.017 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 78/2: [572 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.5233455
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.398 alcohol - 0.325 `volatile acidity` - 0.151 pH
## - 0.06 chlorides - 0.047 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 79:
##
## Rule 79/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.789 sulphates - 0.245 density
## - 0.202 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.161 `citric acid`
## - 0.149 pH + 0.125 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.101 `fixed acidity` + 0.088 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 79/2: [961 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 2.186785
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.316 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.254 alcohol
## - 0.178 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 79/3: [17 cases, mean 6.8, range 5 to 8, est err 1.4]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol > 2.186785
## then
## outcome = 13.8 - 2.248 alcohol - 0.999 `citric acid`
## - 0.95 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 80:
##
## Rule 80/1: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 0.471 alcohol + 0.231 `fixed acidity` + 0.194 pH
## - 0.071 `volatile acidity` + 0.039 sulphates - 0.03 chlorides
##
## Rule 80/2: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.467 alcohol - 0.26 `volatile acidity` - 0.115 pH
## + 0.05 sulphates - 0.039 chlorides + 0.038 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 81:
##
## Rule 81/1: [250 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.4704923
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.19 sulphates - 0.145 density
## - 0.066 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.053 pH
## + 0.039 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.025 `citric acid`
## + 0.02 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 81/2: [537 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.4704923
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.898 sulphates - 0.24 density - 0.178 pH
## - 0.132 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.078 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.051 `citric acid` + 0.04 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 81/3: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.343 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.099 pH
##
## Rule 81/4: [73 cases, mean 6.5, range 5 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6.3 + 0.588 `citric acid` + 0.232 alcohol
## - 0.051 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.024 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 81/5: [116 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.315671
## then
## outcome = 9.4 - 1.058 alcohol - 0.942 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.378 `citric acid`
##
## Model 82:
##
## Rule 82/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.286 `fixed acidity` + 0.213 pH
## - 0.201 `volatile acidity` + 0.054 alcohol
##
## Rule 82/2: [390 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > 0.1215907
## pH > -1.007294
## then
## outcome = 6.1 + 0.737 alcohol - 0.504 `volatile acidity` - 0.334 pH
## + 0.192 sulphates
##
## Rule 82/3: [149 cases, mean 5.6, range 4 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## pH <= -1.007294
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.825 `citric acid` - 0.452 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.049 alcohol - 0.028 pH - 0.027 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 82/4: [43 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.1215907
## chlorides > 0.1327215
## pH > -1.007294
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 1.569 pH - 0.079 `volatile acidity` + 0.073 alcohol
##
## Rule 82/5: [238 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= 0.1215907
## chlorides <= 0.1327215
## pH > -1.007294
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.5 - 0.378 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.372 alcohol - 0.338 pH
## - 0.303 `volatile acidity` + 0.279 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.203 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.174 `residual sugar`
## + 0.019 sulphates
##
## Model 83:
##
## Rule 83/1: [749 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.3355719
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.685 sulphates - 0.256 density
## - 0.186 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.097 pH - 0.09 `citric acid`
## + 0.079 `residual sugar` + 0.067 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.02 `volatile acidity` + 0.019 alcohol
##
## Rule 83/2: [251 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.3355719
## then
## outcome = 5.9 - 0.506 `volatile acidity` - 0.31 `citric acid`
## - 0.3 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.271 alcohol + 0.21 pH
## + 0.15 `fixed acidity`
##
## Model 84:
##
## Rule 84/1: [215 cases, mean 5.2, range 4 to 7, est err 0.3]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.379 alcohol + 0.285 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.192 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 84/2: [21 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 6, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 13.3 + 6.335 alcohol - 0.995 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 84/3: [45 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## `citric acid` <= 1.326088
## chlorides > 0.1327215
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 4.2 - 0.542 `volatile acidity` + 0.244 alcohol - 0.206 pH
##
## Rule 84/4: [40 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol > 0.6381389
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 2.2 + 5.174 alcohol + 2.282 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.695 sulphates - 0.577 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 84/5: [343 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol > -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.686 alcohol - 0.441 `volatile acidity` + 0.232 density
## + 0.101 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 84/6: [51 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -1.104703
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 1.314 density - 0.914 chlorides
## - 0.69 `volatile acidity` + 0.676 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 84/7: [42 cases, mean 5.8, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## `citric acid` > 1.326088
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = -0.3 + 2.43 `citric acid` - 1.737 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.533 alcohol + 0.438 density
##
## Rule 84/8: [409 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.687 `volatile acidity` + 0.396 alcohol
## + 0.288 `fixed acidity` - 0.043 pH + 0.022 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 84/9: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 7.7 - 0.702 `fixed acidity` - 0.63 chlorides - 0.55 pH
## + 0.546 `volatile acidity` + 0.509 `citric acid`
## - 0.402 alcohol - 0.348 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 85:
##
## Rule 85/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.743 sulphates - 0.281 density
## - 0.216 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.145 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.11 `residual sugar` - 0.107 pH
##
## Rule 85/2: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.249 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.237 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.175 alcohol + 0.051 sulphates - 0.036 density
## - 0.026 chlorides + 0.023 `residual sugar`
##
## Model 86:
##
## Rule 86/1: [82 cases, mean 5.1, range 4 to 6, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## density <= -0.3709094
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.965 alcohol + 0.742 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.506 `fixed acidity` + 0.391 pH
##
## Rule 86/2: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 0.484 alcohol + 0.261 `fixed acidity` + 0.185 pH
## - 0.11 `citric acid` - 0.096 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 86/3: [168 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.310059
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 7.4 + 2.362 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.029 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.024 alcohol - 0.017 `volatile acidity` + 0.016 pH
## - 0.013 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 86/4: [61 cases, mean 5.4, range 4 to 6, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= 0.8554384
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.310059
## density > -0.01658035
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5 + 1.285 density - 0.366 `volatile acidity` - 0.019 alcohol
## + 0.015 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.01 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 86/5: [34 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > 0.8554384
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= -0.310059
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.6 - 1.378 chlorides + 1.116 `fixed acidity` - 0.777 density
##
## Rule 86/6: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.6 + 0.476 alcohol - 0.258 `volatile acidity` - 0.188 pH
## - 0.082 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 87:
##
## Rule 87/1: [20 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `citric acid` <= -1.371853
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= 0.1833961
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol > -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 3.4 - 2.254 `residual sugar` - 1.968 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 87/2: [657 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.366 sulphates - 0.125 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.097 alcohol + 0.07 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.069 `volatile acidity` - 0.059 density - 0.038 pH
##
## Rule 87/3: [277 cases, mean 5.7, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol > -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.388 sulphates - 0.138 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.11 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.084 alcohol - 0.077 density
## - 0.069 pH - 0.06 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 87/4: [177 cases, mean 5.7, range 4 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `citric acid` > -1.371853
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= 0.1833961
## sulphates <= 0.06266046
## alcohol > -0.3297648
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 1.131 sulphates + 0.283 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.233 density - 0.212 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.177 pH
##
## Rule 87/5: [343 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.06266046
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.32 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.176 alcohol
## + 0.017 sulphates - 0.011 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 88:
##
## Rule 88/1: [879 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## alcohol <= 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 5.4 + 0.351 alcohol - 0.26 `volatile acidity` - 0.07 chlorides
## - 0.051 pH - 0.047 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.041 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 88/2: [121 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.218881
## then
## outcome = 7.2 - 1.067 `fixed acidity` - 0.765 pH - 0.694 chlorides
## + 0.406 density - 0.394 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 89:
##
## Rule 89/1: [250 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.4704923
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.256 `fixed acidity` - 0.246 density
## + 0.116 `volatile acidity` + 0.109 sulphates
## + 0.108 `residual sugar` - 0.023 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.022 `citric acid` + 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 89/2: [537 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.4704923
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.879 sulphates + 0.137 `fixed acidity` - 0.105 density
## - 0.099 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.095 `citric acid`
## + 0.078 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 89/3: [197 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.3 + 0.127 pH - 0.121 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.113 `fixed acidity` + 0.101 alcohol + 0.079 sulphates
## - 0.071 density - 0.045 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.041 `citric acid` - 0.037 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.033 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 89/4: [182 cases, mean 6.2, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 7 + 0.813 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.412 pH
## + 0.249 `citric acid` - 0.203 sulphates
## + 0.202 `residual sugar` - 0.046 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.039 alcohol
##
## Rule 89/5: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6.2 + 0.7 `citric acid` + 0.268 alcohol
## + 0.031 `fixed acidity` + 0.025 pH - 0.022 density
## - 0.021 `volatile acidity` - 0.018 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 90:
##
## Rule 90/1: [1000 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.512 alcohol - 0.255 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 91:
##
## Rule 91/1: [250 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.4704923
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.284 sulphates - 0.093 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.08 density - 0.074 pH + 0.057 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.054 `citric acid` + 0.052 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.029 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 91/2: [159 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol <= 1.315671
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.022 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.017 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.011 alcohol - 0.011 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.009 chlorides
##
## Rule 91/3: [537 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.4704923
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.938 sulphates - 0.211 density - 0.195 pH
## - 0.114 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.069 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.066 `citric acid` + 0.064 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.036 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 91/4: [15 cases, mean 5.7, range 5 to 7, est err 2.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -1.110558
## `residual sugar` > 0.9044686
## `free sulfur dioxide` <= 0.985566
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## alcohol <= 1.315671
## then
## outcome = -10.8 + 5.198 `residual sugar` + 5.073 `fixed acidity`
## + 3.682 pH + 3.634 sulphates - 2.975 `volatile acidity`
## - 1.591 alcohol
##
## Rule 91/5: [234 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `residual sugar` <= 0.9044686
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 6.3 + 0.689 `residual sugar` + 0.096 pH - 0.09 `citric acid`
## + 0.084 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 91/6: [133 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.554 `citric acid` + 0.324 alcohol
## + 0.299 `fixed acidity` - 0.023 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.017 `volatile acidity` - 0.012 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.009 chlorides
##
## Rule 91/7: [116 cases, mean 6.5, range 4 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## alcohol > 1.315671
## then
## outcome = 9.2 - 1.283 chlorides - 1.196 alcohol
##
## Model 92:
##
## Rule 92/1: [391 cases, mean 5.2, range 3 to 7, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.354 alcohol + 0.22 pH + 0.168 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.068 `volatile acidity` + 0.03 sulphates - 0.027 chlorides
##
## Rule 92/2: [228 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > 0.2056008
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.658 alcohol - 0.553 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 92/3: [609 cases, mean 5.8, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.6201359
## then
## outcome = 5.7 - 0.343 pH + 0.336 alcohol - 0.304 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.258 `fixed acidity` + 0.17 `citric acid` + 0.137 sulphates
## + 0.134 `free sulfur dioxide` - 0.035 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 93:
##
## Rule 93/1: [730 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.7 + 0.732 sulphates - 0.276 density + 0.212 `fixed acidity`
## - 0.181 `citric acid` - 0.131 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.128 `volatile acidity` - 0.104 pH + 0.098 `residual sugar`
## + 0.076 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 93/2: [270 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.286 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.212 pH
## - 0.106 `volatile acidity` + 0.055 alcohol + 0.01 sulphates
##
## Rule 93/3: [73 cases, mean 6.5, range 5 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -1.110558
## sulphates > 0.2809896
## then
## outcome = 7 + 0.479 alcohol - 0.333 pH + 0.296 density - 0.255 sulphates
## - 0.013 `volatile acidity` - 0.013 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 94:
##
## Rule 94/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.168 `fixed acidity` - 0.161 alcohol
## - 0.141 `volatile acidity` + 0.13 pH
## - 0.023 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 94/2: [19 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## pH > 1.968371
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.4 + 0.873 alcohol + 0.739 `citric acid`
## - 0.013 `volatile acidity` - 0.009 pH
##
## Rule 94/3: [110 cases, mean 5.6, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7780128
## pH <= 1.968371
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 3.8 - 0.977 `fixed acidity` + 0.538 alcohol - 0.302 density
##
## Rule 94/4: [393 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7780128
## pH <= 1.968371
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6 + 0.46 alcohol - 0.346 `fixed acidity` + 0.296 `citric acid`
## - 0.208 pH + 0.076 sulphates
##
## Model 95:
##
## Rule 95/1: [788 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## sulphates <= 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.5 + 0.425 sulphates - 0.228 density
## - 0.193 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.142 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.125 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.124 `residual sugar`
## - 0.082 `volatile acidity` - 0.082 `citric acid` - 0.024 pH
##
## Rule 95/2: [519 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.1102379
## sulphates <= 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.9 + 0.964 sulphates - 0.224 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.224 `citric acid` - 0.188 density
## - 0.066 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.047 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.047 pH + 0.036 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 95/3: [212 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates > 0.4993187
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.348 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.291 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.025 `citric acid` + 0.022 sulphates
## + 0.019 `fixed acidity` - 0.016 density
## + 0.012 `residual sugar` + 0.01 pH
## + 0.009 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 95/4: [21 cases, mean 6.6, range 5 to 8, est err 1.3]
##
## if
## `residual sugar` > 2.074805
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.1102379
## then
## outcome = 9.5 + 0.915 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.402 `residual sugar`
## + 0.022 sulphates
##
## Model 96:
##
## Rule 96/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.2 + 0.25 `fixed acidity` + 0.132 alcohol + 0.128 pH
## - 0.041 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 96/2: [522 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.549 alcohol - 0.263 pH - 0.208 `fixed acidity`
## + 0.155 `citric acid` + 0.15 sulphates
## - 0.091 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.034 `volatile acidity`
##
## Model 97:
##
## Rule 97/1: [13 cases, mean 5.0, range 5 to 5, est err 1.2]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 1.671341
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## then
## outcome = 5 + 1.678 `volatile acidity` + 0.438 sulphates
##
## Rule 97/2: [258 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates <= -0.0465041
## then
## outcome = 5.8 + 0.809 sulphates - 0.4 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.36 `citric acid` + 0.09 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 97/3: [591 cases, mean 5.4, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## then
## outcome = 5.2 - 0.202 `volatile acidity` - 0.109 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.094 `citric acid` + 0.081 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.017 sulphates
##
## Rule 97/4: [130 cases, mean 5.4, range 4 to 7, est err 0.5]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## sulphates <= -0.3194155
## then
## outcome = 4.5 - 0.877 chlorides - 0.557 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.01 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.01 sulphates
##
## Rule 97/5: [49 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.9425378
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## chlorides > 0.09265464
## then
## outcome = 2 - 5.421 `volatile acidity` - 0.589 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 97/6: [71 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 7, est err 0.8]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## chlorides > 0.09265464
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 1.671341
## then
## outcome = 4.3 - 0.594 `volatile acidity` - 0.228 `free sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.178 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.054 sulphates - 0.053 pH
## - 0.024 chlorides
##
## Rule 97/7: [220 cases, mean 6.1, range 4 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## chlorides <= 0.09265464
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## then
## outcome = 5.4 - 0.876 `volatile acidity` + 0.476 chlorides
## - 0.418 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.13 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.038 sulphates - 0.023 pH
##
## Rule 97/8: [254 cases, mean 6.1, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## then
## outcome = 6.9 + 0.796 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.394 sulphates
## - 0.026 `volatile acidity` - 0.015 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 97/9: [172 cases, mean 6.3, range 3 to 8, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol > 0.6381389
## then
## outcome = 4 + 1.436 alcohol - 0.958 `volatile acidity`
## + 0.722 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.299 pH
##
## Model 98:
##
## Rule 98/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.135 `fixed acidity` - 0.069 alcohol + 0.037 pH
## - 0.03 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.028 sulphates
##
## Rule 98/2: [150 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.669116
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4 - 1.042 `fixed acidity` - 0.696 density + 0.396 sulphates
## - 0.354 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.211 `residual sugar`
## + 0.161 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.023 alcohol - 0.018 pH
##
## Rule 98/3: [41 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## pH > 1.588499
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 7.6 - 1.373 pH + 0.845 sulphates + 0.841 alcohol
## + 0.399 `volatile acidity`
##
## Rule 98/4: [372 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.669116
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.1 - 0.387 `fixed acidity` - 0.344 pH + 0.32 alcohol
## + 0.19 `residual sugar` + 0.176 `citric acid` + 0.07 sulphates
## - 0.047 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 99:
##
## Rule 99/1: [12 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 6, est err 1.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## density > 1.350117
## sulphates <= -0.0465041
## then
## outcome = 23.7 - 11.656 density - 2.926 `volatile acidity`
## + 2.034 `free sulfur dioxide` + 1.064 `citric acid`
## + 0.01 sulphates
##
## Rule 99/2: [230 cases, mean 5.3, range 4 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` > 0.05019546
## then
## outcome = 5.3 - 0.27 `volatile acidity` - 0.104 `citric acid`
## - 0.104 `total sulfur dioxide` + 0.091 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 99/3: [468 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 7, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## sulphates <= -0.3194155
## then
## outcome = 4.9 - 0.755 chlorides - 0.187 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.089 density + 0.052 sulphates
## - 0.045 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 99/4: [15 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 6, est err 2.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## density <= 1.350117
## alcohol <= -1.200878
## then
## outcome = 22.1 + 11.724 alcohol + 10.09 sulphates
## - 6.945 `total sulfur dioxide` - 3.892 density
## + 0.665 `volatile acidity` - 0.422 chlorides
##
## Rule 99/5: [333 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## density <= 1.350117
## then
## outcome = 6 - 0.568 `volatile acidity` + 0.566 sulphates
## + 0.489 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.357 density
## + 0.341 chlorides - 0.26 `citric acid`
##
## Rule 99/6: [463 cases, mean 5.5, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 5.8 - 0.425 pH + 0.273 `total sulfur dioxide`
## - 0.158 sulphates + 0.145 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.126 `fixed acidity`
##
## Rule 99/7: [31 cases, mean 5.7, range 5 to 7, est err 1.1]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.7235644
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 12.3 + 4.096 `fixed acidity` + 2.446 `residual sugar`
## - 2.195 chlorides + 1.221 alcohol - 0.988 pH
## - 0.594 `total sulfur dioxide`
##
## Rule 99/8: [279 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.6]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` <= -0.3264634
## sulphates > -0.3194155
## then
## outcome = 5.1 - 0.948 `volatile acidity` - 0.254 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.087 sulphates - 0.053 chlorides
##
## Rule 99/9: [14 cases, mean 6.2, range 5 to 7, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.7235644
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## pH > 0.005698082
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## alcohol <= 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 7.3 + 0.557 `total sulfur dioxide` - 0.459 `volatile acidity`
## - 0.268 `citric acid` + 0.256 sulphates + 0.147 alcohol
## + 0.05 `free sulfur dioxide` + 0.033 `residual sugar`
##
## Rule 99/10: [34 cases, mean 6.3, range 5 to 8, est err 1.0]
##
## if
## `volatile acidity` > -0.3264634
## `total sulfur dioxide` <= 0.05019546
## sulphates > -0.0465041
## alcohol > 0.5413485
## then
## outcome = 7.4 + 3.078 `total sulfur dioxide` - 2.209 sulphates
## + 1.276 alcohol - 1.031 density + 0.879 chlorides
## + 0.622 `fixed acidity` - 0.486 `free sulfur dioxide`
##
## Model 100:
##
## Rule 100/1: [478 cases, mean 5.3, range 3 to 8, est err 0.4]
##
## if
## alcohol <= -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 5 + 0.061 alcohol - 0.009 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.009 sulphates
##
## Rule 100/2: [150 cases, mean 5.6, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` <= -0.669116
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 4.8 - 0.676 density - 0.316 `total sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.245 `residual sugar` + 0.22 `free sulfur dioxide`
## + 0.068 alcohol - 0.022 pH
##
## Rule 100/3: [41 cases, mean 5.9, range 3 to 8, est err 0.9]
##
## if
## pH > 1.588499
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 8.1 - 1.381 pH + 0.842 alcohol
##
## Rule 100/4: [372 cases, mean 6.0, range 3 to 8, est err 0.7]
##
## if
## `fixed acidity` > -0.669116
## alcohol > -0.4265552
## then
## outcome = 6.2 - 0.487 `fixed acidity` + 0.402 alcohol
## + 0.279 `citric acid` - 0.271 pH + 0.265 `residual sugar`
##
##
## Evaluation on training data (1000 cases):
##
## Average |error| 0.4
## Relative |error| 0.58
## Correlation coefficient 0.65
##
##
## Attribute usage:
## Conds Model
##
## 51% 78% alcohol
## 33% 61% sulphates
## 19% 68% `volatile acidity`
## 15% 74% `total sulfur dioxide`
## 4% 67% pH
## 3% 56% `fixed acidity`
## 2% 22% chlorides
## 1% 50% `free sulfur dioxide`
## 42% `citric acid`
## 28% density
## 16% `residual sugar`
##
##
## Time: 1.7 secswine_test$pred_qual_cube <- predict(m_cube, wine_test)
cor_cube <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_cube)
mae_cube <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_cube))
point_cube <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_cube) +
ggtitle('Cubist')
box_cube <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_cube) +
ggtitle('Cubist')
cor_cube## [1] 0.5624633mae_cube## [1] 0.530176point_cube
box_cube
Running a Random Forest model
library(Rborist)
m_rf <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'Rborist',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE),
tuneGrid = expand.grid(predFixed = seq(3, 9, 1),
minNode = 10),
verbose = 0)
m_rf## Random Forest
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 901, 900, 899, 898, 900, 901, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## predFixed RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 3 0.5764165 0.4933442 0.4338325
## 4 0.5760806 0.4904814 0.4306947
## 5 0.5768387 0.4875412 0.4296986
## 6 0.5777603 0.4852401 0.4285138
## 7 0.5787188 0.4826285 0.4280338
## 8 0.5800355 0.4799378 0.4279244
## 9 0.5797685 0.4804046 0.4274214
##
## Tuning parameter 'minNode' was held constant at a value of 10
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final values used for the model were predFixed = 4 and minNode = 10.summary(m_rf)## Length Class Mode
## bag 4 -none- list
## forest 4 Forest list
## leaf 5 LeafReg list
## signature 4 Signature list
## training 4 -none- list
## validation 6 ValidReg list
## xNames 11 -none- character
## problemType 1 -none- character
## tuneValue 2 data.frame list
## obsLevels 1 -none- logical
## param 1 -none- listwine_test$pred_qual_rf <- predict(m_rf, wine_test)
cor_rf <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_rf)
mae_rf <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_rf))
point_rf <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_rf) +
ggtitle('Random Forest')
box_rf <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_rf) +
ggtitle('Random Forest')
cor_rf## [1] 0.598565mae_rf## [1] 0.5048614point_rf
box_rf
Running a XGBoost model
# Gradient Boosting Machines
library(xgboost)
library(xgboostExplainer)
m_boosted <- train(quality ~ .,
data = wine_train,
method = 'xgbTree',
preProcess = c('scale', 'center'),
trControl = trainControl(method = 'repeatedcv',
number = 10,
repeats = 5,
verboseIter = FALSE),
tuneGrid = expand.grid(nrounds = 50,
max_depth = seq(1, 7, 1),
eta = c(0.1, 0.3, 0.5),
gamma = 0,
colsample_bytree = 0.8,
min_child_weight = 10,
subsample = seq(0.7, 1, 0.1)),
verbose = 0)
m_boosted## eXtreme Gradient Boosting
##
## 1000 samples
## 11 predictor
##
## Pre-processing: scaled (11), centered (11)
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 5 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 900, 901, 899, 899, 901, 901, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## eta max_depth subsample RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 0.1 1 0.7 0.6434453 0.3636873 0.5049529
## 0.1 1 0.8 0.6435024 0.3654492 0.5060536
## 0.1 1 0.9 0.6445464 0.3640850 0.5081617
## 0.1 1 1.0 0.6455508 0.3637558 0.5096574
## 0.1 2 0.7 0.6268323 0.3901041 0.4830764
## 0.1 2 0.8 0.6275553 0.3888022 0.4847840
## 0.1 2 0.9 0.6259237 0.3929673 0.4831835
## 0.1 2 1.0 0.6285523 0.3880144 0.4855403
## 0.1 3 0.7 0.6192597 0.4045866 0.4748875
## 0.1 3 0.8 0.6194035 0.4045501 0.4747077
## 0.1 3 0.9 0.6202781 0.4023030 0.4758910
## 0.1 3 1.0 0.6217713 0.3998400 0.4762402
## 0.1 4 0.7 0.6145349 0.4131933 0.4669363
## 0.1 4 0.8 0.6105250 0.4211966 0.4646833
## 0.1 4 0.9 0.6123322 0.4170421 0.4647302
## 0.1 4 1.0 0.6140772 0.4149551 0.4671257
## 0.1 5 0.7 0.6086202 0.4245272 0.4609219
## 0.1 5 0.8 0.6043586 0.4330712 0.4554612
## 0.1 5 0.9 0.6047603 0.4322966 0.4571327
## 0.1 5 1.0 0.6061954 0.4291434 0.4554826
## 0.1 6 0.7 0.6060174 0.4299503 0.4561986
## 0.1 6 0.8 0.5996665 0.4414848 0.4503093
## 0.1 6 0.9 0.6007649 0.4399261 0.4497331
## 0.1 6 1.0 0.6009660 0.4388358 0.4486667
## 0.1 7 0.7 0.5985411 0.4433455 0.4468239
## 0.1 7 0.8 0.5976411 0.4453413 0.4444722
## 0.1 7 0.9 0.5973929 0.4460936 0.4445854
## 0.1 7 1.0 0.5967966 0.4471956 0.4415343
## 0.3 1 0.7 0.6392338 0.3634659 0.4915839
## 0.3 1 0.8 0.6380712 0.3659739 0.4916405
## 0.3 1 0.9 0.6375932 0.3669022 0.4914972
## 0.3 1 1.0 0.6374362 0.3669276 0.4917025
## 0.3 2 0.7 0.6319912 0.3811148 0.4851904
## 0.3 2 0.8 0.6290664 0.3863312 0.4796860
## 0.3 2 0.9 0.6301468 0.3840818 0.4808641
## 0.3 2 1.0 0.6275591 0.3884499 0.4805025
## 0.3 3 0.7 0.6308942 0.3870082 0.4778396
## 0.3 3 0.8 0.6290760 0.3916112 0.4755983
## 0.3 3 0.9 0.6214817 0.4029253 0.4702691
## 0.3 3 1.0 0.6210039 0.4026569 0.4679967
## 0.3 4 0.7 0.6240565 0.4032619 0.4687603
## 0.3 4 0.8 0.6270070 0.3975950 0.4668014
## 0.3 4 0.9 0.6240267 0.4021858 0.4620980
## 0.3 4 1.0 0.6148588 0.4178558 0.4574530
## 0.3 5 0.7 0.6237002 0.4102358 0.4596812
## 0.3 5 0.8 0.6153706 0.4209916 0.4512763
## 0.3 5 0.9 0.6178283 0.4165636 0.4502845
## 0.3 5 1.0 0.6075919 0.4328597 0.4431816
## 0.3 6 0.7 0.6205017 0.4180133 0.4525054
## 0.3 6 0.8 0.6234362 0.4122647 0.4529924
## 0.3 6 0.9 0.6141005 0.4262706 0.4412378
## 0.3 6 1.0 0.6057385 0.4366085 0.4340595
## 0.3 7 0.7 0.6248214 0.4135070 0.4459634
## 0.3 7 0.8 0.6105617 0.4334162 0.4350780
## 0.3 7 0.9 0.6103528 0.4349369 0.4306047
## 0.3 7 1.0 0.6101075 0.4343774 0.4316877
## 0.5 1 0.7 0.6486374 0.3490566 0.4988988
## 0.5 1 0.8 0.6484741 0.3492474 0.4971950
## 0.5 1 0.9 0.6452004 0.3542547 0.4945091
## 0.5 1 1.0 0.6424581 0.3579741 0.4931148
## 0.5 2 0.7 0.6557615 0.3491868 0.4977812
## 0.5 2 0.8 0.6455146 0.3648922 0.4925026
## 0.5 2 0.9 0.6478325 0.3598787 0.4919684
## 0.5 2 1.0 0.6415812 0.3671550 0.4879945
## 0.5 3 0.7 0.6613319 0.3520898 0.4981891
## 0.5 3 0.8 0.6480271 0.3703578 0.4870550
## 0.5 3 0.9 0.6410621 0.3801933 0.4809871
## 0.5 3 1.0 0.6377800 0.3825052 0.4745120
## 0.5 4 0.7 0.6603657 0.3641750 0.4873475
## 0.5 4 0.8 0.6494323 0.3784335 0.4735826
## 0.5 4 0.9 0.6362166 0.3965045 0.4630967
## 0.5 4 1.0 0.6313947 0.4001990 0.4586015
## 0.5 5 0.7 0.6511628 0.3871839 0.4694408
## 0.5 5 0.8 0.6510524 0.3844509 0.4694947
## 0.5 5 0.9 0.6455713 0.3939347 0.4596788
## 0.5 5 1.0 0.6367033 0.3968691 0.4511865
## 0.5 6 0.7 0.6550404 0.3843467 0.4643282
## 0.5 6 0.8 0.6443925 0.3966157 0.4532832
## 0.5 6 0.9 0.6418493 0.3985415 0.4493771
## 0.5 6 1.0 0.6274551 0.4161873 0.4353702
## 0.5 7 0.7 0.6641240 0.3741354 0.4654233
## 0.5 7 0.8 0.6461578 0.3986420 0.4490531
## 0.5 7 0.9 0.6453067 0.3946851 0.4429290
## 0.5 7 1.0 0.6314410 0.4137659 0.4356340
##
## Tuning parameter 'nrounds' was held constant at a value of 50
## Tuning
## parameter 'colsample_bytree' was held constant at a value of 0.8
##
## Tuning parameter 'min_child_weight' was held constant at a value of 10
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final values used for the model were nrounds = 50, max_depth = 7, eta
## = 0.1, gamma = 0, colsample_bytree = 0.8, min_child_weight = 10 and
## subsample = 1.summary(m_boosted)## Length Class Mode
## handle 1 xgb.Booster.handle externalptr
## raw 90183 -none- raw
## niter 1 -none- numeric
## call 6 -none- call
## params 8 -none- list
## callbacks 0 -none- list
## feature_names 11 -none- character
## nfeatures 1 -none- numeric
## xNames 11 -none- character
## problemType 1 -none- character
## tuneValue 7 data.frame list
## obsLevels 1 -none- logical
## param 1 -none- listwine_test$pred_qual_xgbt <- predict(m_boosted, wine_test)
cor_xgbt <- cor(wine_test$quality, wine_test$pred_qual_xgbt)
mae_xgbt <- mean(abs(wine_test$quality - wine_test$pred_qual_xgbt))
point_xgbt <- point_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_xgbt) +
ggtitle('XGBoost')
box_xgbt <- box_plot(wine_test$pred_qual_xgbt) +
ggtitle('XGBoost')
cor_xgbt## [1] 0.5816026mae_xgbt## [1] 0.5120226point_xgbt
box_xgbt
Comparing fit of the models.
# Comparing
Fit_Trees <- tibble(Method = c('GLM', 'Bayesian GLM', 'Lasso', 'Cubist', 'Random Forest', 'XGBoost'),
Correlation = c(cor_glm, cor_bglm, cor_lss, cor_cube, cor_rf, cor_xgbt),
MAE = c(mae_glm, mae_bglm, mae_lss, mae_cube, mae_rf, mae_xgbt))
library(patchwork)
Fit_Trees## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## Method Correlation MAE
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 GLM 0.589 0.508
## 2 Bayesian GLM 0.589 0.508
## 3 Lasso 0.588 0.509
## 4 Cubist 0.562 0.530
## 5 Random Forest 0.599 0.505
## 6 XGBoost 0.582 0.512Best_Fit <- Fit_Trees %>%
filter(Correlation == max(Correlation)) %>%
select(Method)
point_glm + point_bglm + point_lss +
point_cube + point_rf + point_xgbt +
box_glm + box_bglm + box_lss +
box_cube + box_rf + box_xgbt +
plot_layout(ncol = 3)
The method with best fit was:
Best_Fit## # A tibble: 1 x 1
## Method
## <chr>
## 1 Random Forest