Synopsis

Storms and other severe weather events can cause both public health and economic problems for communities and municipalities. Many severe events can result in fatalities, injuries, and property damage, and preventing such outcomes to the extent possible is a key concern. This project involves exploring the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) storm database. This database tracks characteristics of major storms and weather events in the United States, including when and where they occur, as well as estimates of any fatalities, injuries, and property damage.

Data Processing

The data for this assignment come in the form of a comma-separated-value file compressed via the bzip2 algorithm to reduce its size. You can download the file from the course web site:

Data [47Mb]

There is also some documentation of the database available. Here you will find how some of the variables are constructed/defined.

National Weather Service Storm Data Documentation
National Climatic Data Center Storm Events FAQ

The events in the database start in the year 1950 and end in November 2011. In the earlier years of the database there are generally fewer events recorded, most likely due to a lack of good records. More recent years should be considered more complete.

Download data

url <- "https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/repdata%2Fdata%2FStormData.csv.bz2"
path <- getwd()
#download.file(url, file.path(path, "data.csv.bz2"))
data <- read.csv("repdata_data_StormData.csv")

str(data)

## 'data.frame':    902297 obs. of  37 variables:
##  $ STATE__   : num  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ BGN_DATE  : Factor w/ 16335 levels "1/1/1966 0:00:00",..: 6523 6523 4242 11116 2224 2224 2260 383 3980 3980 ...
##  $ BGN_TIME  : Factor w/ 3608 levels "00:00:00 AM",..: 272 287 2705 1683 2584 3186 242 1683 3186 3186 ...
##  $ TIME_ZONE : Factor w/ 22 levels "ADT","AKS","AST",..: 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 ...
##  $ COUNTY    : num  97 3 57 89 43 77 9 123 125 57 ...
##  $ COUNTYNAME: Factor w/ 29601 levels "","5NM E OF MACKINAC BRIDGE TO PRESQUE ISLE LT MI",..: 13513 1873 4598 10592 4372 10094 1973 23873 24418 4598 ...
##  $ STATE     : Factor w/ 72 levels "AK","AL","AM",..: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
##  $ EVTYPE    : Factor w/ 985 levels "   HIGH SURF ADVISORY",..: 834 834 834 834 834 834 834 834 834 834 ...
##  $ BGN_RANGE : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ BGN_AZI   : Factor w/ 35 levels "","  N"," NW",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ BGN_LOCATI: Factor w/ 54429 levels ""," Christiansburg",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ END_DATE  : Factor w/ 6663 levels "","1/1/1993 0:00:00",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ END_TIME  : Factor w/ 3647 levels ""," 0900CST",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ COUNTY_END: num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ COUNTYENDN: logi  NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
##  $ END_RANGE : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ END_AZI   : Factor w/ 24 levels "","E","ENE","ESE",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ END_LOCATI: Factor w/ 34506 levels ""," CANTON"," TULIA",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ LENGTH    : num  14 2 0.1 0 0 1.5 1.5 0 3.3 2.3 ...
##  $ WIDTH     : num  100 150 123 100 150 177 33 33 100 100 ...
##  $ F         : int  3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 ...
##  $ MAG       : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ FATALITIES: num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
##  $ INJURIES  : num  15 0 2 2 2 6 1 0 14 0 ...
##  $ PROPDMG   : num  25 2.5 25 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 25 ...
##  $ PROPDMGEXP: Factor w/ 19 levels "","-","?","+",..: 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 ...
##  $ CROPDMG   : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ CROPDMGEXP: Factor w/ 9 levels "","?","0","2",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ WFO       : Factor w/ 542 levels ""," CI","%SD",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ STATEOFFIC: Factor w/ 250 levels "","ALABAMA, Central",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ ZONENAMES : Factor w/ 25112 levels "","                                                                                                               "| __truncated__,..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ LATITUDE  : num  3040 3042 3340 3458 3412 ...
##  $ LONGITUDE : num  8812 8755 8742 8626 8642 ...
##  $ LATITUDE_E: num  3051 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ LONGITUDE_: num  8806 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ REMARKS   : Factor w/ 436781 levels "","\t","\t\t",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ REFNUM    : num  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...

head(data, n=1)

Assignment

The basic goal of this assignment is to explore the NOAA Storm Database and answer some basic questions about severe weather events. You must use the database to answer the questions below and show the code for your entire analysis. Your analysis can consist of tables, figures, or other summaries. You may use any R package you want to support your analysis.

Questions

Your data analysis must address the following questions:

Across the United States, which types of events are most harmful with respect to population health?
Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?

build a new dataframe for analysis 1 sum “INJURIES”, “FATALITIES” by type of event Sort the entire dataframe by fatalities

Eventsdata <- data[,c("EVTYPE", "INJURIES", "FATALITIES")]
Eventsdata <- aggregate(. ~ EVTYPE , data = Eventsdata , sum)
Eventsdata <- Eventsdata[order(Eventsdata$FATALITIES , na.last = TRUE , decreasing = TRUE),]
head(Eventsdata, n=10)

#cuts the top ten fatalities event
Fataldata <- Eventsdata[1:10,]

Damagedata <- data[,c("EVTYPE", "CROPDMG", "PROPDMG")]
Damagedata <- aggregate(. ~ EVTYPE , data = Damagedata , sum)
Damagedata$TOTDMG <- as.numeric(Damagedata$CROPDMG) + as.numeric(Damagedata$PROPDMG)
Damagedata <- Damagedata[order(Damagedata$TOTDMG , na.last = TRUE , decreasing = TRUE),]
head(Damagedata, n=10)

#cuts the top ten damaged event
Distructdata <- Damagedata[1:10,]

Results

Across the United States, which types of events are most harmful with respect to population health?

library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
# Set the levels in order
p1 <- ggplot(data= Fataldata, aes(x= reorder(EVTYPE,FATALITIES))) +
    geom_bar(aes( y= INJURIES, fill=INJURIES),stat="identity" , fill="orange", color="black") +
    geom_bar(aes( y= FATALITIES, fill=FATALITIES),stat="identity" , fill="red", color="black") +
    coord_flip() +
    ylab("Total number of fatalities and injuries") +
    xlab("Event type") +
    theme(legend.position = "")
print(p1)

From the graph it can be inferred that the tornado is the most critical event for the population, both in terms of deaths and injuries

Across the United States, which types of events have the greatest economic consequences?

# Set the levels in order
p2 <- ggplot(data= Distructdata, aes(x=reorder(EVTYPE, TOTDMG))) +
    geom_bar(aes( y= PROPDMG, fill= PROPDMG),stat="identity" , fill="grey", color="black") +
    geom_bar(aes( y= CROPDMG, fill= CROPDMG),stat="identity" , fill="green", color="black") +
    
    coord_flip() +
    xlab("Event type") +
    ylab("Property and crop damage in dollars") +
    theme(legend.position="none")
print(p2)

From the graph it can be inferred that the tornado is the most critical event for crops and properties

Event Project

Matteo Gambera

12 marzo 2020