6.1 CSA practices implementation (general)

Household level indicators are calculated based on the responses from the household heads.

Percentage of adopting households corresponding to the number of household (heads) that reported having implement at least one of the CSA practices.

6.1.1 CSA practices implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that implement CSA practices

	N	Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Minimum or Zero Tillage	Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Households	102	48%	39%	9%	12%	14%
Male-headed household	83	52%	42%	10%	10%	13%
Female-headed household	19	32%	26%	5%	21%	16%

6.1.2 CSA practices implementation (by community)

Percentage of households (heads) who implement CSA practices across the different CSV communities.

6.2 CSA Adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male or female) reporting a specific driver or motivation for their household to adopt a CSA practice

This indicator corresponds to the number of farmers that reported a specific adoption driver over the total that responded the motivation question.

CSA Practices	N	In Response to a Climate Event	Learning from Libird	New Market Opportunities	Other	To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	20	30%	50%	5%	10%	5%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	78	4%	37%	12%	46%	1%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	26	4%	85%	0%	12%	0%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	94	0%	50%	26%	24%	0%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	19	5%	74%	0%	21%	0%

6.2.1 Adoption drivers for Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production?”

Gender	N	Learning from Libird	New Market Opportunities	Other
Female	46	52%	26%	22%
Male	48	48%	25%	27%

6.2.2 Adoption drivers for Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds?”

Gender	N	In Response to a Climate Event	Learning from Libird	New Market Opportunities	Other	To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female	39	3%	36%	13%	46%	3%
Male	39	5%	38%	10%	46%	0%

6.2.3 Adoption drivers for System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing System of Rice Intensification (SRI)?”

Gender	N	In Response to a Climate Event	Learning from Libird	Other
Female	9	0%	78%	22%
Male	10	10%	70%	20%

6.2.4 Adoption drivers for Improved seeds (high yielding wheat) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)?”

Gender	N	In Response to a Climate Event	Learning from Libird	New Market Opportunities	Other	To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female	11	36%	55%	0%	9%	0%
Male	9	22%	44%	11%	11%	11%

6.2.5 Adoption drivers for Minimum or Zero Tillage (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Minimum or Zero Tillage?”

Gender	N	In Response to a Climate Event	Learning from Libird	Other
Female	15	0%	93%	7%
Male	11	9%	73%	18%

6.3 Involvement in CSA implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting specific levels of involvement in the implementation of the CSA practice, who answered the question: “Where you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to the implementation of the CSA practice?”

CSA Practices	Gender	N	I did most of the work	I did not do anything	I equally contributed	I just helped
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Female	11	36%	0%	36%	27%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Male	10	20%	10%	70%	0%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Female	41	12%	5%	66%	17%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Male	40	10%	2%	78%	10%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Female	15	27%	0%	53%	20%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Male	11	27%	0%	64%	9%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Female	46	13%	0%	63%	24%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Male	48	23%	0%	62%	15%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Female	9	22%	0%	56%	22%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Male	10	30%	0%	70%	0%

6.3.1 Doing most of the CSA implementation

6.3.2 Just helped in the CSA implementation

6.3.3 Did not participate in CSA implementation

6.3.4 Contributed in CSA implementation

6.4 CSA dis-adoption (general)

Percentage of non-adopting households (female and male-headed) that reported having dis-adopted at least one CSA practice before in the household.

6.4.1 CSA dis-adoption (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that answered “Yes” to the question; “Was this practice implemented before in your household?”

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Households	66	0%
	Male-headed household	54	0%
	Female-headed household	12	0%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Households	40	48%
	Male-headed household	33	45%
	Female-headed household	7	57%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Households	71	13%
	Female-headed household	14	14%
	Male-headed household	57	12%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Households	42	55%
	Female-headed household	8	50%
	Male-headed household	34	56%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Households	78	28%
	Male-headed household	63	29%
	Female-headed household	15	27%

6.5 CSA dis-adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting a specific driver or motivation to dis-adopt a CSA practice; who responded to the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped implementing the practices?”

CSA Practices	N	Did not Generate Economic Benefits	Other	Required a Lot of Work	Very Expensive to Implement
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	40	20%	68%	5%	8%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	35	17%	71%	3%	9%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	15	0%	7%	93%	0%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	35	14%	46%	40%	0%

6.5.1 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds?”

Gender	N	Did not Generate Economic Benefits	Other	Required a Lot of Work	Very Expensive to Implement
Female	16	31%	62%	0%	6%
Male	19	5%	79%	5%	11%

6.5.2 CSA dis-adoption drivers for System of Rice Intensification (SRI) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped System of Rice Intensification (SRI)?”

Gender	N	Did not Generate Economic Benefits	Other	Required a Lot of Work
Female	20	15%	40%	45%
Male	15	13%	53%	33%

6.5.3 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Improved seeds (high yielding wheat) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)?”

Gender	N	Did not Generate Economic Benefits	Other	Required a Lot of Work	Very Expensive to Implement
Female	21	19%	67%	5%	10%
Male	19	21%	68%	5%	5%

Outcomes of CSA practices

6.6 Effect (perceived) on production (by practice)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: “What was the effect of the practices on your household production?”

Practices	N	Decreased Production	I Can’t Say Because it Was New	Increased Production	No Effect
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	20	0%	0%	100%	0%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	78	9%	1%	83%	6%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	26	0%	0%	100%	0%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	94	0%	5%	95%	0%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	19	16%	0%	74%	11%

6.6.1 Perceived effect of Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production on your household production?

Gender	N	I Can’t Say Because it Was New	Increased Production
Female	46	2%	98%
Male	48	8%	92%

6.6.2 Perceived effect of Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds on your household production?

Gender	N	Decreased Production	I Can’t Say Because it Was New	Increased Production	No Effect
Female	39	8%	0%	87%	5%
Male	39	10%	3%	79%	8%

6.6.3 Perceived effect of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on your household production?

Gender	N	Decreased Production	Increased Production	No Effect
Female	9	22%	78%	0%
Male	10	10%	70%	20%

6.6.4 Perceived effect of Improved seeds (high yielding wheat) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Improved seeds (high yielding wheat) on your household production?

Gender	N	Increased Production
Female	11	100%
Male	9	100%

6.6.5 Perceived effect of Minimum or Zero Tillage on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Minimum or Zero Tillage on your household production?

Gender	N	Increased Production
Female	15	100%
Male	11	100%

6.7 Use of additional CSA production

Percentage of households (heads) that answered “Yes” to the questions: “Did you in the household sell this additional production?” or “Did you in the household use this additional production for the household consumption?”

CSA Practices	N	Use	Percentage of households
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	45	Sale	42%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	45	Consumption	100%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	33	Sale	21%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	33	Consumption	100%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	7	Sale	71%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	7	Consumption	100%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	12	Sale	50%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	12	Consumption	100%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	14	Sale	50%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	14	Consumption	100%

6.8 Perceived CSA effect on income

Percentage of farmers that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices	N	Percentage of farmers
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	94	61%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	78	50%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	19	68%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	20	95%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	26	62%

6.8.1 Perceived CSA effect on income (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) implementing CSA that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices	Gender	N	Percentage of farmers
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Female	46	61%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Male	48	60%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Female	39	49%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Male	39	51%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Female	9	67%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Male	10	70%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Female	11	91%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Male	9	100%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Female	15	53%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Male	11	73%

6.9 Use of additional CSA related income (by practice)

Percentage of CSA adopting households (heads) reporting specific uses of the additional income who answered the question: “In your household, what did you use this additional income for?”

CSA Practices	N	Buying agricultural inputs / assets or services	Buying food	Buying non-agricultural assets or services	I cannot say	We saved it
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	11	18%	0%	36%	27%	18%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	21	10%	0%	33%	38%	19%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	10	20%	0%	60%	10%	10%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	27	7%	4%	63%	19%	7%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	7	29%	0%	29%	14%	29%

6.10 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access and diversity

Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Because of the implementation of the practice, did the number of month where you are usually concerned of having enough food for your household decreased (compare to not having it)?”
Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Has implementation of the practice allowed for having more variety of products for consumption in your household (compared to not having the practice)?”

		Improved food access		Food diversification
CSA Practices		N	Percentage	N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	20	100%	20	100%
	Female	11	100%	11	100%
	Male	9	100%	9	100%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	78	83%	78	95%
	Female	39	82%	39	97%
	Male	39	85%	39	92%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	25	80%	25	88%
	Female	15	73%	15	80%
	Male	10	90%	10	100%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	94	85%	94	72%
	Female	46	91%	46	74%
	Male	48	79%	48	71%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	19	74%	19	74%
	Female	9	78%	9	78%
	Male	10	70%	10	70%

6.10.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access (by gender)

6.10.2 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food diversity (by gender)

6.11 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) that answered Yes to the question: Do you personally think that having the crop rotation effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	20	95%
	Female	11	100%
	Male	9	89%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	78	71%
	Female	39	69%
	Male	39	72%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	25	76%
	Female	15	67%
	Male	10	90%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	94	79%
	Female	46	76%
	Male	48	81%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	19	74%
	Female	9	78%
	Male	10	70%

6.11.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability (by gender)

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) who answered “Yes”to the question: Do you personally think that having the CSA practices effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

6.12 CSA effect on Gender dimensions

6.12.1 Perceived CSA effect on labor time

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: Because of the CSA practices, did you personally take more, less or the same amount of time in agricultural activities?

CSA Practices		N	Less time	More time	Same amount of time
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	20	25%	65%	10%
	Female	11	18%	73%	9%
	Male	9	33%	56%	11%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	78	14%	45%	41%
	Female	39	10%	41%	49%
	Male	39	18%	49%	33%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	26	42%	42%	15%
	Female	15	47%	40%	13%
	Male	11	36%	45%	18%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	94	16%	26%	59%
	Female	46	13%	24%	63%
	Male	48	19%	27%	54%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	19	95%	0%	5%
	Female	9	89%	0%	11%
	Male	10	100%	0%	0%

Increasing labor time

No effect on labor time

Decreasing labor time

6.12.2 Perceived effect over access/control on CSA related income (by practice)

Percentage of CSA implementing male and female farmers, who answered Yes to the question: Did you personally decide or participate in the decision on how to use the money earned from the implementation of the practice?

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Female	10	100%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Male	9	89%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Female	19	89%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Male	20	90%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Female	8	100%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Male	8	100%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Female	28	0%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Male	29	0%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Female	6	100%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Male	7	100%

6.12.3 Decision making on CSA implementation (by practice; gender disaggregated)

Percentage of CSA implementing male and female farmers, who answered the question: “Did you participate in the process of deciding to implement the practices on your farm?”

CSA Practices		N	Decided alone	Did not participate in the decision	Was a joint decision
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Female	11	27%	9%	64%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Male	10	10%	10%	80%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Female	41	10%	10%	80%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Male	40	10%	2%	88%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Female	15	0%	7%	93%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Male	11	0%	9%	91%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Female	46	2%	7%	91%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Male	48	15%	0%	85%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Female	9	0%	0%	100%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Male	10	20%	0%	80%

6.12.4 Participation decision making on CSA dis-adoption

Percentage of implementing, male and female farmers, who answered yes to the question: Did you personally decide or participate in the decision to stop implementing the practice?

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Female	16	44%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Male	19	100%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Female	20	75%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Male	15	100%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Female	21	43%
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Male	19	89%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Female	8	100%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Male	7	86%

6.13 Sources of CSA learning

Percentage of implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: How did you personally learn to implement the practice?

CSA Practices		N	family member or neighbor	Libird	Self-learning	Training by technical assistance by govt. organization
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	20	10%	90%	0%	0%
	Female	11	18%	82%	0%	0%
	Male	9	0%	100%	0%	0%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	78	26%	37%	37%	0%
	Female	39	23%	33%	44%	0%
	Male	39	28%	41%	31%	0%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	26	0%	100%	0%	0%
	Female	15	0%	100%	0%	0%
	Male	11	0%	100%	0%	0%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	94	20%	63%	15%	2%
	Female	46	28%	61%	9%	2%
	Male	48	12%	65%	21%	2%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	19	0%	100%	0%	0%
	Female	9	0%	100%	0%	0%
	Male	10	0%	100%	0%	0%

Female sources of CSA knowledge

Male sources of CSA knowledge

6.14 Access to CSA training

Percentage farmers (male and female) who answered “from Training by technical assistance by other institution” or “From CCAFS training / demonstrations”, to the question: “How did you personally learn to implement water terraces?”

CSA Practice		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	50	88%
	Female	22	82%
	Male	28	93%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	98	37%
	Female	46	35%
	Male	52	38%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	92	91%
	Female	46	87%
	Male	46	96%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	107	64%
	Female	50	62%
	Male	57	65%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	64	84%
	Female	29	93%
	Male	35	77%

6.14.1 Access to training in CSA practices (gender)

6.15 CSA awareness

Percentage of farmers (male and female) participating anyhow on a CSA practice related activity (answered “Yes, I did most” or “No, I just helped” to the questions: “Were you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to CSA practice?”) or not implementing but saying “Yes” to the question: “having heard about [the CSA practice]?”

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	199	63%
	Female	106	56%
	Male	93	72%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	198	75%
	Female	106	69%
	Male	92	82%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	199	75%
	Female	106	70%
	Male	93	81%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	198	83%
	Female	106	75%
	Male	92	91%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	198	74%
	Female	106	64%
	Male	92	85%

6.16 CSA interest by non-adopters

Percentage of non CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered “Yes”to the question: “Would you like to receive more information on CSA practices?”

CSA Practice		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Famers	94	80%
	Female	54	70%
	Male	40	92%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Famers	117	83%
	Female	65	78%
	Male	52	88%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Famers	160	81%
	Female	85	79%
	Male	75	84%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Famers	93	77%
	Female	54	76%
	Male	39	79%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Famers	160	83%
	Female	85	81%
	Male	75	85%

6.17 Farer to farmer knowledge dissemination

Percentage of farmers (female and male) who responded “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

CSA Practices		N	Percentage
Improved seeds (high yielding wheat)	Farmers	20	55%
	Female	11	27%
	Male	9	89%
Intercropping + Improved Legume seeds	Farmers	78	33%
	Female	39	23%
	Male	39	44%
Minimum or Zero Tillage	Farmers	26	54%
	Female	15	47%
	Male	11	64%
Solar-based irrigation + vegetable production	Farmers	94	44%
	Female	46	35%
	Male	48	52%
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)	Farmers	19	42%
	Female	9	33%
	Male	10	50%

6.17.1 Dissemination of CSA knowledge from farmer to farmer (by gender)

Percentage of famers (male and female) who answered “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

CSA Practices