1. CSA Practices

6.1 CSA practices implementation (general)

Household level indicators are calculated based on the responses from the household heads.

Percentage of adopting households corresponding to the number of household (heads) that reported having implement at least one of the CSA practices.

6.1.1 CSA practices implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that implement CSA practices

N Fish microhabitat Homestead pond Vegetable tower
Households 154 44% 21% 32%
Male-headed household 145 44% 21% 33%
Female-headed household 9 44% 11% 11%

6.1.2 CSA practices implementation (by community)

Percentage of households (heads) who implement CSA practices across the different CSV communities.

CSV communities N Fish microhabitat Homestead pond Vegetable tower
Bagri 22 45% 23% 50%
Biraljuri 21 48% 29% 38%
Galua 23 52% 0% 22%
Galua-Durgapur 20 50% 20% 35%
Nangguli 24 50% 0% 4%
Noikathi 23 57% 22% 35%
Pargopalpur 21 5% 57% 43%

6.2 CSA Adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male or female) reporting a specific driver or motivation for their household to adopt a CSA practice

This indicator corresponds to the number of farmers that reported a specific adoption driver over the total that responded the motivation question.

CSA Practices N Learning from Dak Diye Jai / CCAFS New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Fish microhabitat 80 4% 0% 0% 96%
Homestead pond 57 0% 44% 4% 53%
Vegetable tower 96 1% 0% 0% 99%

6.2.1 Adoption drivers for Vegetable tower (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Vegetable tower?”

Gender N Learning from Dak Diye Jai / CCAFS To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 47 0% 100%
Male 49 2% 98%

6.2.2 Adoption drivers for Fish microhabitat (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Fish microhabitat?”

Gender N Learning from Dak Diye Jai / CCAFS To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 21 0% 100%
Male 59 5% 95%

6.2.3 Adoption drivers for Homestead pond (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Homestead pond?”

Gender N New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 27 44% 4% 52%
Male 30 43% 3% 53%

6.3 Involvement in CSA implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting specific levels of involvement in the implementation of the CSA practice, who answered the question: “Where you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to the implementation of the CSA practice?”

CSA Practices Gender N I did most of the work I did not do anything I equally contributed I hired labor I just helped
Fish microhabitat Female 60 5% 65% 23% 0% 7%
Male 64 72% 0% 20% 8% 0%
Homestead pond Female 34 3% 21% 65% 0% 12%
Male 32 22% 6% 72% 0% 0%
Vegetable tower Female 47 6% 0% 94% 0% 0%
Male 49 6% 0% 94% 0% 0%

6.3.1 Doing most of the CSA implementation

6.3.2 Just helped in the CSA implementation

6.3.3 Did not participate in CSA implementation

6.3.4 Hired labor in CSA implementation

6.3.5 Contributed in CSA implementation

6.4 CSA dis-adoption (general)

Percentage of non-adopting households (female and male-headed) that reported having dis-adopted at least one CSA practice before in the household.

6.4.1 CSA dis-adoption (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that answered “Yes” to the question; “Was this practice implemented before in your household?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Households 70 0%
Female-headed household 3 0%
Male-headed household 67 0%
Homestead pond Households 77 0%
Female-headed household 3 0%
Male-headed household 74 0%
Vegetable tower Households 66 0%
Female-headed household 3 0%
Male-headed household 63 0%

6.5 CSA dis-adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting a specific driver or motivation to dis-adopt a CSA practice; who responded to the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped implementing the practices?”

There were no farmers expressing specific reasons to stop implementing practices

Outcomes of CSA practices

6.6 Effect (perceived) on production (by practice)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: “What was the effect of the practices on your household production?”

Practices N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Fish microhabitat 80 0% 0% 100% 0%
Homestead pond 57 4% 7% 56% 33%
Vegetable tower 96 0% 0% 100% 0%

6.6.1 Perceived effect of Vegetable tower on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Vegetable tower on your household production?

Gender N Increased Production
Female 47 100%
Male 49 100%

6.6.2 Perceived effect of Fish microhabitat on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Fish microhabitat on your household production?

Gender N Increased Production
Female 21 100%
Male 59 100%

6.6.3 Perceived effect of Homestead pond on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Homestead pond on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 27 4% 7% 56% 33%
Male 30 3% 7% 57% 33%

6.7 Use of additional CSA production

Percentage of households (heads) that answered “Yes” to the questions: “Did you in the household sell this additional production?” or “Did you in the household use this additional production for the household consumption?”

CSA Practices N Use Percentage of households
Vegetable tower 50 Sale 10%
50 Consumption 100%
Fish microhabitat 61 Sale 2%
61 Consumption 100%
Homestead pond 17 Sale 29%
17 Consumption 100%

6.8 Perceived CSA effect on income

Percentage of farmers that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices N Percentage of farmers
Vegetable tower 96 100%
Fish microhabitat 80 100%
Homestead pond 57 67%

6.8.1 Perceived CSA effect on income (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) implementing CSA that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices Gender N Percentage of farmers
Vegetable tower Female 47 100%
Male 49 100%
Fish microhabitat Female 21 100%
Male 59 100%
Homestead pond Female 27 70%
Male 30 63%

6.10 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access and diversity

  • Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Because of the implementation of the practice, did the number of month where you are usually concerned of having enough food for your household decreased (compare to not having it)?”

  • Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Has implementation of the practice allowed for having more variety of products for consumption in your household (compared to not having the practice)?”

Improved food access
Food diversification
CSA Practices N Percentage N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Farmers 80 99% 80 68%
Female 21 95% 21 76%
Male 59 100% 59 64%
Homestead pond Farmers 57 70% 57 53%
Female 27 78% 27 52%
Male 30 63% 30 53%
Vegetable tower Farmers 96 95% 96 100%
Female 47 94% 47 100%
Male 49 96% 49 100%

6.10.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access (by gender)

6.10.2 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food diversity (by gender)

6.11 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) that answered Yes to the question: Do you personally think that having the crop rotation effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

CSA Practices N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Farmers 80 100%
Female 21 100%
Male 59 100%
Homestead pond Farmers 57 60%
Female 27 59%
Male 30 60%
Vegetable tower Farmers 96 99%
Female 47 98%
Male 49 100%

6.11.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability (by gender)

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) who answered “Yes”to the question: Do you personally think that having the CSA practices effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

6.12 CSA effect on Gender dimensions

6.12.1 Perceived CSA effect on labor time

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: Because of the CSA practices, did you personally take more, less or the same amount of time in agricultural activities?

CSA Practices N I hired labor Less time More time Same amount of time
Fish microhabitat Farmers 80 1% 1% 81% 16%
Female 21 0% 5% 81% 14%
Male 59 2% 0% 81% 17%
Homestead pond Farmers 57 0% 9% 67% 25%
Female 27 0% 4% 70% 26%
Male 30 0% 13% 63% 23%
Vegetable tower Farmers 96 0% 0% 100% 0%
Female 47 0% 0% 100% 0%
Male 49 0% 0% 100% 0%

Increasing labor time

No effect on labor time

Decreasing labor time

6.12.3 Decision making on CSA implementation (by practice; gender disaggregated)

Percentage of CSA implementing male and female farmers, who answered the question: “Did you participate in the process of deciding to implement the practices on your farm?”

CSA Practices N Decided alone Did not participate in the decision Was a joint decision
Fish microhabitat Female 60 2% 62% 37%
Male 64 58% 0% 42%
Homestead pond Female 34 3% 29% 68%
Male 32 28% 3% 69%
Vegetable tower Female 47 2% 0% 98%
Male 49 0% 0% 100%

6.12.4 Participation decision making on CSA dis-adoption

Percentage of implementing, male and female farmers, who answered yes to the question: Did you personally decide or participate in the decision to stop implementing the practice?

There were no farmers who participated in the decision to stop implementing practices

6.13 Sources of CSA learning

Percentage of implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: How did you personally learn to implement the practice?

CSA Practices N Dak Diye Jai / CCAFS family member or neighbor Self-learning
Fish microhabitat Farmers 80 8% 92% 0%
Female 21 5% 95% 0%
Male 59 8% 92% 0%
Homestead pond Farmers 57 4% 81% 16%
Female 27 4% 81% 15%
Male 30 3% 80% 17%
Vegetable tower Farmers 96 7% 93% 0%
Female 47 4% 96% 0%
Male 49 10% 90% 0%

Female sources of CSA knowledge

Male sources of CSA knowledge

6.14 Access to CSA training

Percentage farmers (male and female) who answered “from Training by technical assistance by other institution” or “From CCAFS training / demonstrations”, to the question: “How did you personally learn to implement water terraces?”

CSA Practice N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Farmers 198 4%
Female 87 2%
Male 111 5%
Homestead pond Farmers 163 3%
Female 77 3%
Male 86 3%
Vegetable tower Farmers 201 3%
Female 102 2%
Male 99 5%

6.14.1 Access to training in CSA practices (gender)

6.15 CSA awareness

Percentage of farmers (male and female) participating anyhow on a CSA practice related activity (answered “Yes, I did most” or “No, I just helped” to the questions: “Were you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to CSA practice?”) or not implementing but saying “Yes” to the question: “having heard about [the CSA practice]?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Farmers 289 90%
Female 143 89%
Male 146 90%
Homestead pond Farmers 290 72%
Female 144 72%
Male 146 73%
Vegetable tower Farmers 289 78%
Female 143 80%
Male 146 76%

6.16 CSA interest by non-adopters

Percentage of non CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered “Yes”to the question: “Would you like to receive more information on CSA practices?”

CSA Practice N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Famers 165 88%
Female 83 86%
Male 82 90%
Homestead pond Famers 223 94%
Female 109 94%
Male 114 94%
Vegetable tower Famers 193 99%
Female 96 100%
Male 97 99%

6.17 Farer to farmer knowledge dissemination

Percentage of farmers (female and male) who responded “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Fish microhabitat Farmers 80 91%
Female 21 86%
Male 59 93%
Homestead pond Farmers 57 46%
Female 27 44%
Male 30 47%
Vegetable tower Farmers 96 94%
Female 47 91%
Male 49 96%

6.17.1 Dissemination of CSA knowledge from farmer to farmer (by gender)

Percentage of famers (male and female) who answered “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

2019-12-04