R Notebook

1. Read the data into links and nodes, and create the network in igraph with graph_from_data_frame().
   
2. Find the density of the network.
   
3. Make a histogram of the distances in the network.
   
4. Find the legnth of the diameter of the network.
   
5. Mutate the following into the nodes data: label, title, degree, and set value = degree.
   
6. Mutate betweenness into the links data, and set it to value.
   
7. Create a diagram with visNetwork, with a title and options set for a menu and highlightNearest.
   
8. Find the communities in the network, mutate a group column in the nodes data, and create another diagram displaying the colored groups.

This is an R Markdown Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code.

library(tidyverse)
library(igraph)                    
library(visNetwork)                
library(DT)
library(plotly)

1. First, we need to read in the data.

Sept11_nodes <- read_csv("Sept11_nodes.csv")

Parsed with column specification:
cols(
  id = col_double(),
  name = col_character()
)

Sept11_links <- read_csv("Sept11_links.csv")

Parsed with column specification:
cols(
  from = col_double(),
  to = col_double()
)

2. The next step was to create a graph using igraph.

terrorist_network <- graph_from_data_frame(Sept11_links, 
                                           vertices = Sept11_nodes, 
                                           directed = F)

terrorist_network %>% 
  vcount()

[1] 62

terrorist_network %>%
  ecount()

[1] 151

3. Next, we want to determine the density of the network.

terrorist_network %>% 
  edge_density()

[1] 0.07985193

4. Then, we want to create a visual representation (using a histogram) of the distances in the network. You can see that the history is roughly symmetrical, and that most individuals are linked between 2 and 4 hops.

terrorist_network %>% 
  distances() %>% 
  as.vector() %>%              
  as_tibble() %>%             
  plot_ly(x = ~value) %>% 
  add_histogram()

5. Now, we will find the legth of the diameter of the network.

terrorist_network %>%
  get_diameter()

+ 6/62 vertices, named, from 30a8d6a:
[1] Samir_Kashk            Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais Tarek_Maaroufi         Abu_Qatada             Abu_Walid             
[6] Kamel_Daoudi          

It appears there are 6 terrorists.

6. Next, we mutated data for the nodes in order to create a data table including degrees, name, and label.

Sept11_nodes <- Sept11_nodes %>% 
  mutate(label = name)

Sept11_nodes %>% 
  datatable()

7. The next step is to mutate in betweenness into the links data set.

Sept11_links <- Sept11_links %>%
  mutate(betweenness = edge_betweenness(terrorist_network)) %>%
  mutate(value = betweenness)

Sept11_links

8. Here I created a diagram using visNetwork to look at the links of those involved in the 9/11 terrorist attack.

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists Involved in the 9/11 Terrorist Attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T)

9. Finally, a graph was created according to what group a certain terrorist was in.

terrorist_network %>% 
  infomap.community() %>% 
  membership()

                      Samir_Kashk                    Madjid_Sahoune                   Fahid_al_Shakri 
                                2                                 2                                 2 
                   Lased_Ben_Heni            Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais             Seifallah_ben_Hassine 
                                2                                 2                                 2 
               Mohamed_Bensakhria                    Mehdi_Khammoun                Essoussi_Laaroussi 
                                2                                 2                                 2 
                   Tarek_Maaroufi                   Haydar_Abu_Doha                      Ahmed_Ressam 
                                2                                 2                                 2 
                       Abu_Qatada                         Abu_Walid              Jean-Marc_Grandvisir 
                                3                                 3                                 3 
                      Abu_Zubeida                    Mizar_Trabelsi                     Djamal_Beghal 
                                3                                 3                                 3 
                     Kamel_Daoudi               Jerome_Courtaillier                David_Courtaillier 
                                3                                 3                                 3 
               Zacarias_Moussaoui         Imad_Eddin_Barakat_Yarkas                Ramzi_Bin_al-Shibh 
                                3                                 1                                 1 
                  Mohammed_Belfas                 Abdelghani_Mzoudi Ahmed_Khalil_Ibrahim_Samir_Al-Ani 
                                1                                 1                                 1 
          Mustafa_Ahmed_al-Hisawi                      Agus_Budiman              Mounir_El_Motassadeq 
                                1                                 1                                 1 
                 Zakariya_Essabar                      Mohamed_Atta                       Fayez_Ahmed 
                                1                                 1                                 1 
              Mamduh_Mahmud_Salim                 Mamoun_Darkazanli                       Said_Bahaji 
                                1                                 1                                 1 
                      Ziad_Jarrah                  Marwan_Al-Shehhi                     Wail_Alshehri 
                                1                                 1                                 1 
                  Waleed_Alshehri                   Mohand_Alshehri                      Satam_Suqami 
                                1                                 5                                 1 
              Abdul_Aziz_Al-Omari                      Lotfi_Raissi                  Ahmed_Al_Haznawi 
                                1                                 6                                 5 
                      Raed_Hijazi                   Nabil_al-Marabh                    Hamza_Alghamdi 
                                5                                 5                                 5 
                   Ahmed_Alghamdi                     Salem_Alhazmi                      Hani_Hanjour 
                                5                                 4                                 6 
                   Bandar_Alhazmi           Rayed_Mohammed_Abdullah                   Raisal_Al_Salmi 
                                6                                 6                                 6 
                      Majed_Moqed                 Khalid_Al-Mihdhar                     Nawaf_Alhazmi 
                                4                                 4                                 4 
                  Osama_Awadallah                Abdussattar_Shaikh                      Mohamed_Abdi 
                                4                                 4                                 4 
                     Ahmed_Alnami                    Saeed_Alghamdi 
                                5                                 5 

Sept11_nodes <- Sept11_nodes %>% 
  mutate(group = membership(infomap.community(terrorist_network)))

terrorist_nodes %>% 
  datatable()

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists Involved in the 9/11 Terrorist Attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T, selectedBy = "group")

NA