Sept. 11 terrorists

1. Read the data into links and nodes, and create the network in igraph with graph_from_data_frame().
   
2. Find the density of the network.
   
3. Make a histogram of the distances in the network.
   
4. Find the legnth of the diameter of the network.
   
5. Mutate the following into the nodes data: label, title, degree, and set value = degree.
   
6. Mutate betweenness into the links data, and set it to value.
   
7. Create a diagram with visNetwork, with a title and options set for a menu and highlightNearest.
   
8. Find the communities in the network, mutate a group column in the nodes data, and create another diagram displaying the colored groups.

Sept11_nodes.csv and Sept11_links.csv.

library(tidyverse)
library(igraph)                    # This is the package to analyze the network
library(visNetwork)                # Creates visualizations of the network
library(DT)
library(plotly)

Sept11_nodes <- read_csv("Sept11_nodes.csv")

Parsed with column specification:
cols(
  id = col_double(),
  name = col_character()
)

Sept11_links <- read_csv("Sept11_links.csv")

Parsed with column specification:
cols(
  from = col_double(),
  to = col_double()
)

Sept11_nodes %>% 
  datatable(rownames = F)

Sept11_links %>% 
  datatable(rownames = F)

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, Sept11_links)

Sept11_network <- graph_from_data_frame(terrorist_links, 
                                           vertices =  Sept11_nodes, 
                                           directed = F)

Sept11_network

IGRAPH 064181f UN-- 62 151 -- 
+ attr: name (v/c)
+ edges from 064181f (vertex names):
 [1] Samir_Kashk           --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [2] Madjid_Sahoune        --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [3] Fahid_al_Shakri       --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [4] Lased_Ben_Heni        --Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
 [5] Lased_Ben_Heni        --Mohamed_Bensakhria    
 [6] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Seifallah_ben_Hassine 
 [7] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Mohamed_Bensakhria    
 [8] Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais--Mehdi_Khammoun        
+ ... omitted several edges

2. Find the density of the network

Sept11_network %>% 
  edge_density()

[1] 0.07985193

3. Make a histogram of the distances in the network.

Sept11_network %>% 
  distances() %>% 
  datatable()

Sept11_network %>% 
  distances() %>% 
  as.vector() %>%              # these two lines convert the distances matrix
  as_tibble() %>%              # to something plotly can graph
  plot_ly(x = ~value) %>% 
  add_histogram()

Calling `as_tibble()` on a vector is discouraged, because the behavior is likely to change in the future. Use `enframe(name = NULL)` instead.
This warning is displayed once per session.

4. Find the legnth of the diameter of the network.

Sept11_network %>% 
  get_diameter()

+ 6/62 vertices, named, from 064181f:
[1] Samir_Kashk            Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais
[3] Tarek_Maaroufi         Abu_Qatada            
[5] Abu_Walid              Kamel_Daoudi          

Sept11_network %>% 
  get_diameter() %>% 
  length()

[1] 6

5. Mutate the following into the nodes data: label, title, degree, and set value = degree.

Sept11_nodes <- terrorist_nodes %>% 
  mutate(label = name)

terrorist_nodes %>% 
  datatable()

Sept11_nodes <- terrorist_nodes %>% 
  mutate(title = name)

terrorist_nodes

Sept11_nodes <- Sept11_nodes %>%
  mutate(degree = degree(Sept11_network))


Sept11_nodes %>% 
  arrange(-degree) %>% 
  datatable()

6. Mutate betweenness into the links data, and set it to value.

Sept11_network %>% 
  edge_betweenness()

  [1]  61.000000  61.000000  61.000000  56.500000   4.500000
  [6]  48.500000  47.500000  55.833333  48.500000  52.806777
 [11]  57.500000 441.140110  12.500000  16.000000   5.166667
 [16]  12.500000  64.333333  31.859890  23.666667  63.666667
 [21]  44.416667  42.750000  46.333333  41.000000  19.333333
 [26]   6.250000  61.000000  61.000000  61.000000  31.000000
 [31]   9.000000 219.083333  25.250000   4.500000  74.250000
 [36]  56.500000  59.815476 373.851190  18.547161  82.979396
 [41]  40.342857   8.083333   9.083333   8.833333  36.078571
 [46]   8.833333  16.816667  31.310256  20.657143  61.000000
 [51]  61.000000  46.141617   3.375000  13.583333   6.849950
 [56]  47.411905   3.250000  20.911905  34.916667   2.416667
 [61]  14.583333  32.750000   2.166667   4.833333  12.416667
 [66]  73.180506  83.666667  31.583333  29.580952  37.408283
 [71]  43.691617 105.793998  56.587648  51.853968  66.749206
 [76] 161.377778 251.854401  14.238889   2.250000   6.474950
 [81]  43.288889   5.916667   6.552778  61.000000   6.000000
 [86]  30.333333   6.000000  11.250000   7.575000   4.583333
 [91]  11.167857  16.008333  15.013095  10.516667  24.728280
 [96]  23.069048   8.203968  15.098413  48.930628  27.336580
[101]  35.373088   5.724950   3.400000   4.366667   8.891617
[106]  11.080253  19.711111   6.581746  47.742063  43.961111
[111]  22.041270  12.907215  16.096898   8.866667  23.402381
[116]  14.160714  24.339683   2.992857  13.387302  12.503968
[121]  10.872222  11.165079  25.895310  12.483333   9.824603
[126]   8.622619  32.086111   8.814286   7.550000  10.350000
[131]  15.405700  59.000000  36.597619  59.000000  27.166667
[136]  33.633333  29.945382   2.000000   2.000000   2.000000
[141]  24.283333  23.283333   6.133333   6.133333  53.866667
[146]  53.866667  61.000000  44.350000  41.128571   1.000000
[151]   4.166667

Sept11_links <- Sept11_links %>% 
  mutate(value =edge_betweenness(Sept11_network))

Sept11_links

7. Create a diagram with visNetwork, with a title and options set for a menu and highlightNearest.

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists involved in the 2011 Terorist attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T)

8. Find the communities in the network, mutate a group column in the nodes data, and create another diagram displaying the colored groups.

Sept11_network %>% 
  infomap.community()

IGRAPH clustering infomap, groups: 6, mod: 0.51
+ groups:
  $`1`
   [1] "Imad_Eddin_Barakat_Yarkas"        
   [2] "Ramzi_Bin_al-Shibh"               
   [3] "Mohammed_Belfas"                  
   [4] "Abdelghani_Mzoudi"                
   [5] "Ahmed_Khalil_Ibrahim_Samir_Al-Ani"
   [6] "Mustafa_Ahmed_al-Hisawi"          
   [7] "Agus_Budiman"                     
   [8] "Mounir_El_Motassadeq"             
   [9] "Zakariya_Essabar"                 
  + ... omitted several groups/vertices

Sept11_network %>% 
  infomap.community() %>% 
  membership()

                      Samir_Kashk 
                                2 
                   Madjid_Sahoune 
                                2 
                  Fahid_al_Shakri 
                                2 
                   Lased_Ben_Heni 
                                2 
           Essid_Sami_Ben_Khemais 
                                2 
            Seifallah_ben_Hassine 
                                2 
               Mohamed_Bensakhria 
                                2 
                   Mehdi_Khammoun 
                                2 
               Essoussi_Laaroussi 
                                2 
                   Tarek_Maaroufi 
                                2 
                  Haydar_Abu_Doha 
                                2 
                     Ahmed_Ressam 
                                2 
                       Abu_Qatada 
                                3 
                        Abu_Walid 
                                3 
             Jean-Marc_Grandvisir 
                                3 
                      Abu_Zubeida 
                                3 
                   Mizar_Trabelsi 
                                3 
                    Djamal_Beghal 
                                3 
                     Kamel_Daoudi 
                                3 
              Jerome_Courtaillier 
                                3 
               David_Courtaillier 
                                3 
               Zacarias_Moussaoui 
                                3 
        Imad_Eddin_Barakat_Yarkas 
                                1 
               Ramzi_Bin_al-Shibh 
                                1 
                  Mohammed_Belfas 
                                1 
                Abdelghani_Mzoudi 
                                1 
Ahmed_Khalil_Ibrahim_Samir_Al-Ani 
                                1 
          Mustafa_Ahmed_al-Hisawi 
                                1 
                     Agus_Budiman 
                                1 
             Mounir_El_Motassadeq 
                                1 
                 Zakariya_Essabar 
                                1 
                     Mohamed_Atta 
                                1 
                      Fayez_Ahmed 
                                1 
              Mamduh_Mahmud_Salim 
                                1 
                Mamoun_Darkazanli 
                                1 
                      Said_Bahaji 
                                1 
                      Ziad_Jarrah 
                                1 
                 Marwan_Al-Shehhi 
                                1 
                    Wail_Alshehri 
                                1 
                  Waleed_Alshehri 
                                1 
                  Mohand_Alshehri 
                                5 
                     Satam_Suqami 
                                1 
              Abdul_Aziz_Al-Omari 
                                1 
                     Lotfi_Raissi 
                                6 
                 Ahmed_Al_Haznawi 
                                5 
                      Raed_Hijazi 
                                5 
                  Nabil_al-Marabh 
                                5 
                   Hamza_Alghamdi 
                                5 
                   Ahmed_Alghamdi 
                                5 
                    Salem_Alhazmi 
                                4 
                     Hani_Hanjour 
                                6 
                   Bandar_Alhazmi 
                                6 
          Rayed_Mohammed_Abdullah 
                                6 
                  Raisal_Al_Salmi 
                                6 
                      Majed_Moqed 
                                4 
                Khalid_Al-Mihdhar 
                                4 
                    Nawaf_Alhazmi 
                                4 
                  Osama_Awadallah 
                                4 
               Abdussattar_Shaikh 
                                4 
                     Mohamed_Abdi 
                                4 
                     Ahmed_Alnami 
                                5 
                   Saeed_Alghamdi 
                                5 

Sept11_nodes <- Sept11_nodes %>% 
  mutate(group = membership(infomap.community(Sept11_network)))

Sept11_nodes %>% 
  datatable()

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists involved in the 2011 Terrorist Attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T)

visNetwork(Sept11_nodes, 
           Sept11_links, 
           main = "Network of Terrorists involved in the 2011 Terrorist Attack") %>% 
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") %>% 
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T, selectedBy = "group")