This is a comparison of random slopes extractions from overlapping 5-year ACS estimates to determine the viability of using the mixed effects (or hierarchical linear) model to account for “rolling” estimates from non-independent samples.
Below are four maps depicting z-scored random effects coefficients over 5-year periods with the city’s mean random effect coefficient equaling zero.
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -5.85376 -0.46062 0.07089 0.00000 0.47723 2.62340## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "E:\6th_Year_Fall\Dissertation\Project 1\Shapefiles\Tracts_Boston_BARI", layer: "Tracts_Boston BARI"
## with 178 features
## It has 16 fields
## Integer64 fields read as strings: ALAND10 AWATER10 BRA_PD_ID City_Counc WARD Police_Dis Fire_Distr## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -2.96612 -0.55344 -0.08958 0.00000 0.39068 7.51861## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "E:\6th_Year_Fall\Dissertation\Project 1\Shapefiles\Tracts_Boston_BARI", layer: "Tracts_Boston BARI"
## with 178 features
## It has 16 fields
## Integer64 fields read as strings: ALAND10 AWATER10 BRA_PD_ID City_Counc WARD Police_Dis Fire_Distr## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -2.9057 -0.5650 -0.1411 0.0000 0.3360 3.9716## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "E:\6th_Year_Fall\Dissertation\Project 1\Shapefiles\Tracts_Philly", layer: "Census_Tracts_2010"
## with 384 features
## It has 14 fields## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -3.0374 -0.5911 -0.1369 0.0000 0.4259 3.9242## OGR data source with driver: ESRI Shapefile
## Source: "E:\6th_Year_Fall\Dissertation\Project 1\Shapefiles\Tracts_Philly", layer: "Census_Tracts_2010"
## with 384 features
## It has 14 fields