This report provides an analysis on the records downloaded from Web of Science. The analysis identifies the important authors, journals, and keywords in the dataset based on the number of occurences and citation counts. A citation network of the provided records is created and used to identify the important papers according to their in-degree, total citation count and PageRank scores. The analysis finds also often-cited references that were not included in the original dataset downloaded from the Web of Science.

Reports can be generated by using the online analysis service, and the source code is available at GitHub. Instructions and links to tutorial videos can be found at the project page. For further details see the following article: Knutas, A., Hajikhani, A., Salminen, J., Ikonen, J., Porras, J., 2015. Cloud-Based Bibliometric Analysis Service for Systematic Mapping Studies. CompSysTech 2015. Please cite our research paper on bibliometrics if you publish the analysis results. Use is otherwise free.

The analysed dataset consist of 32 records with 74 variables. More information about the variables can be found at Web of Science.

Publication years

Relative publication volume

## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values (geom_path).

Important authors

Sorted by the number of articles published and by the total number of citations.

Important publications

Sorted by number of published articles in the dataset and by the total number of citations.

Important keywords

Sorted by the number of articles where the keyword is mentioned and by the total number of citations for the keyword.

Important papers

The most important papers and other sources are identified below using three importance measures: 1) in-degree in the citation network, 2) citation count provided by Web of Science (only for papers included in the dataset), and 3) PageRank score in the citation network. The top 25 highest scoring papers are identified using these measures separately. The results are then combined and duplicates are removed. Results are sorted by in-degree, and ties are first broken by citation count and then by the PageRank.

When a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is available, the full paper can be found using Resolve DOI website.

Included in the dataset

These papers were included in the 32 records downloaded from the Web of Science.

Article InDegree TimesCited PageRank
24 | RODRIGUES DB, 2014, WATER RESOUR RES, V 50, P7187, DOI 10.1002/2013WR014274 | A comprehensive assessment of water security can incorporate several water-related concepts, while accounting for Blue and Green Water (BW and GW) types defined in accordance with the hydrological processes involved. Here we demonstrate how a quantitative analysis of provision probability and use of BW and GW can be conducted, so as to provide indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability at the basin level. To illustrate the approach, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the hydrology of an agricultural basin (291 km(2)) within the Cantareira Water Supply System in Brazil. To provide a more comprehensive basis for decision making, we analyze the BW and GW-Footprint components against probabilistic levels (50th and 30th percentile) of freshwater availability for human activities, during a 23 year period. Several contrasting situations of BW provision are distinguished, using different hydrological-based methodologies for specifying monthly Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs), and the risk of natural EFR violation is evaluated by use of a freshwater provision index. Our results reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin. Taking into account conservation targets for the basin, it appears that the more restrictive EFR methods are more appropriate than the method currently employed at the study basin. The blue/green water-based accounting framework developed here provides a useful integration of hydrologic, ecosystem and human needs information on a monthly basis, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water-related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise. 3 28 0.0005500
26 | TAFFARELLO D, 2016, WATER INT, V 41, P 776, DOI 10.1080/02508060.2016.1188352 | Integrating seasonal patterns of water availability and land-use/land-cover change is crucial in watershed planning. Often, these are not considered under hydrological extremes affecting decision making. This article presents results from a multi-site, nested catchment experiment carried out during a dry period in the Cantareira Water Supply System, South-East Brazil, linking quali-quantitative freshwater monitoring to land-use/land-cover change. Results from 17 catchments show regional behaviour for nitrate loads and drainage areas (0.66-925km(2)). An inverse correlation between forest cover and water yield was observed. Despite forest growth in spatial extent, nutrient loads showed potential hazards for water security. 1 8 0.0005302
27 | TUNDISI JG, 2016, ECOHYDROL HYDROBIOL, V 16, P 83, DOI 10.1016/J.ECOHYD.2016.03.006 | In this essay the authors discuss the integration of ecohydrology, water management practice and watershed economy as fundamentals for the new water governance paradigm. The “nature’s software” - ecohydrological processes and resulting ecosystem services should be coupled with ‘human hardware’ in the form of civil and hydrotechnical engineering, ecological engineering and ecosystem biotechnologies in a template of hydrosocial cycle adapting to the global changes. The competent and adequate water governance requires as a priority water security for the human population and for ecosystem functioning. Three case studies from Brazil are presented in order to illustrate how this integration has been realized so far, and the benefits for ecosystems and economy are presented. The case studies are: the Lobo Broa reservoir project, the sustainable management of the Pantanal wetland, and the Sao Francisco River Basin Management Plan. The practical results of these conceptual approaches are discussed and future research needs are identified. (C) 2016 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved. 1 6 0.0005287
3 | BRAGA B, 2016, WATER POLICY, V 18, P 52, DOI 10.2166/WP.2016.113 | Climate variability has always posed important challenges to water resources planners and engineers. Recent hydrologic data from different parts of the world show that the use of traditional stationary series statistical methods to assess risk and uncertainty may not produce reliable estimates. In particular, the 2014-2015 drought in Metropolitan Sao Paulo that was followed by major flooding in 2016 shows the intensification of climatic extremes in this part of Brazil. The probability of this drought event is only 0.004 when estimated with data available from 83 years of record, until 2013. Was the drought of 2014-2015 a statistical outlier or should one consider it as an event that can occur again along the planning horizon? The paper describes the hydrologic conditions that resulted in the most severe drought ever recorded and the structural and non-structural initiatives taken by water authorities to avoid social chaos in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (21 million inhabitants). Furthermore, it discusses how the drought affected the existing water resources development plan, especially the anticipation of investments in water security. Because financial resources are limited, other investments, equally important but less urgent, are being delayed. 1 5 0.0005307
20 | PERRONE D, 2014, WIRES WATER, V 1, P 49, DOI 10.1002/WAT2.1004 | Anthropogenic-induced climate changes and population growth projected by 2050, combined with global economic growth driven by emerging markets, suggest that greater stress will be placed on water, food, and energy resources in the future. These resources are interdependent and are linked in a complex global network of trade. As pressures on the three resources grow, three-way interactions arise so that a solution to address scarcity in one cannot be achieved without impact on the others. The water security, food security, and energy security trilemma creates a multidimensional web that is a structurally complex network with dynamic links among resources that vary in both weight and direction. Because structure affects function, characterizing the network anatomy that links the resources in three-way interactions is helpful when setting goals to meet resource security. We argue that water plays a central role in shaping interactions and that the main scarcity issues occur with trade-offs between thermoelectric power generation and agriculture, between hydroelectric power generation and agriculture, and between biofuel production and food production. Three illustrations-the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States, the island nation of Sri Lanka, and Brazil-capture the main three-way interactions that we have identified. Although the problems that strew the path to global sustainability are massive, we suggest alternatives along both technological and nontechnological paths to meet future needs. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 0 36 0.0005221
15 | HOEKSTRA AY, 2016, ENVIRON RES LETT, V 11, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/055002 | While the water dependency of water-scarce nations is well understood, this is not the case for countries in temperate and humid climates, even though various studies have shown that many of such countries strongly rely on the import of water-intensive commodities from elsewhere. In this study we introduce a method to evaluate the sustainability and efficiency of the external water footprint (WF) of a country, with the UK as an example. We trace, quantify and map the UK’s direct and indirect water needs and assess the ‘imported water risk’ by evaluating the sustainability of the water consumption in the source regions. In addition, we assess the efficiency of the water consumption in source areas in order to identify the room for water savings. We find that half of the UK’s global blue WF-the direct and indirect consumption of ground-and surface water resources behind all commodities consumed in the UK-is located in places where the blue WF exceeds the maximum sustainable blue WF. About 55% of the unsustainable part of the UK’s blue WF is located in six countries: Spain (14%), USA (11%), Pakistan (10%), India (7%), Iran (6%), and South Africa (6%). Our analysis further shows that about half of the global consumptive WF of the UK’s direct and indirect crop consumption is inefficient, which means that consumptive WFs exceed specified WF benchmark levels. About 37% of the inefficient part of the UK’s consumptive WF is located in six countries: Indonesia (7%), Ghana (7%), India (7%), Brazil (6%), Spain (5%), and Argentina (5%). In some source countries, like Pakistan, Iran, Spain, USA and Egypt, unsustainable and inefficient blue water consumption coincide. We find that, by lowering overall consumptive WFs to benchmark levels, the global blue WF of UK crop consumption could be reduced by 19%. We discuss four strategies to mitigate imported water risk: become more self-sufficient in food; diversify the import of water-intensive commodities, favouring the sourcing from water-abundant regions; reconsider the import of water-intensive commodities from the regions that are most severely water stressed altogether; and collaborate internationally with source countries with unsustainable water use where opportunities exist to increase water productivity. 0 23 0.0005221
30 | WAN L, 2016, ENVIRON RES LETT, V 11, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074017 | Globalization enables the transfer of impacts on water availability. We argue that the threat should be evaluated not only by decrease of quantity, but more importantly by the degradation of water quality in exporting countries. Grouping the world into fourteen regions, this paper establishes a multi-region input-output framework to calculate the nitrogen-related grey water footprint and a water quality-induced scarcity index caused by pollution, for the period of 1995 to 2009. It is discovered that grey water embodied in international trade has been growing faster than total grey water footprint. China, the USA and India were the three top grey water exporters which accounted for more than half the total traded grey water. Dilemma rose when China and India were facing highest grey water scarcity. The EU and the USA were biggest grey water importers that alleviated their water stress by outsourcing water pollution. A structural decomposition analysis is conducted to study the drivers to the evolution of virtual flows of grey water under globalization during the period of 1995 to 2009. The results show that despite the technical progress that offset the growth of traded grey water, structural effects under globalization including both evolution in the globalized economic system and consumption structure, together with consumption volume made a positive contribution. It is found that the structural effect intensified the pollution-induced water scarcity of exporters as it generally increased all nations’ imported grey water while resulting in increases in only a few nations’ exported grey water, such as Brazil, China and Indonesia. At last, drawing from the ‘cap-and-trade’ and ‘boarder-tax-adjustment’ schemes, we propose policy recommendations that ensure water security and achieve environmentally sustainable trade from both the sides of production and consumption. 0 18 0.0005221
28 | VIEIRA RR, 2018, DIVERS DISTRIB, V 24, P 434, DOI 10.1111/DDI.12700 | In striking contrast to heartening events in the adjacent Amazon, Brazil’s Cerrado biome has seen continued deforestation over the past decade. Though approved in 2012, no study evaluated the impacts of new Brazilian Forest Code (FC) revision on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we report the first assessment of the likely loss and gain in biodiversity and ecosystem services expected if the FC is properly enforced across 200 million hectares of the Cerrado. We also discuss the challenges associated to compliance with the law and present opportunities for conservation. Establishing restoration programmes in private properties with currently less native vegetation than required by the FC could create habitat for 25% more threatened species than now found in these places and could also increase water security and carbon stock in 56.6 MtC. More important, trading environmental reserve quotas coupled with the strategic expansion of protected areas on private and public land could definitely rescue the Cerrado from the brink. 0 13 0.0005221
14 | GAUPP F, 2015, ENVIRON RES LETT, V 10, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/125001 | Societies and economies are challenged by variable water supplies. Water storage infrastructure, on a range of scales, can help to mitigate hydrological variability. This study uses a water balance model to investigate how storage capacity can improve water security in the world’s 403 most important river basins, by substituting water from wet months to dry months. We construct a new water balance model for 676 ‘basin-country units’ (BCUs), which simulates runoff, water use (from surface and groundwater), evaporation and trans-boundary discharges. When hydrological variability and net withdrawals are taken into account, along with existing storage capacity, we find risks of water shortages in the Indian subcontinent, Northern China, Spain, the West of the US, Australia and several basins in Africa. Dividing basins into BCUs enabled assessment of upstream dependency in transboundary rivers. Including Environmental Water Requirements into the model, we find that in many basins in India, Northern China, South Africa, the US West Coast, the East of Brazil, Spain and in the Murray basin in Australia human water demand leads to over-abstraction of water resources important to the ecosystem. Then, a Sequent Peak Analysis is conducted to estimate how much storage would be needed to satisfy human water demand whilst not jeopardizing environmental flows. The results are consistent with the water balance model in that basins in India, Northern China, Western Australia, Spain, the US West Coast and several basins in Africa would need more storage to mitigate water supply variability and to meet water demand. 0 11 0.0005221
1 | BERGIER I, 2018, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V619, P1116, DOI 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.163 | The Pantanal is a large wetland mainly located in Brazil, whose natural resources are important for local, regional and global economies. Many human activities in the region rely on Pantanal’s ecosystem services including cattle breeding for beef production, professional and touristic fishing, and contemplative tourism. The conservation of natural resources and ecosystems services provided by the Pantanal wetland must consider strategies for water security. We explored precipitation data from 1926 to 2016 provided by a regional network of rain gauge stations managed by the Brazilian Government. A timeseries obtained by dividing the monthly accumulated-rainfall by the number of rainy days indicated a positive trend of the mean rate of rainy days (mm/day) for the studied period in all seasons. We assessed the linkage of Pantanal’s rainfall patterns with large-scale climate data in South America provided by NOAA/ESRL from 1949 to 2016. Analysis of spatiotemporal correlation maps indicated that, in agreement with previous studies, the Amazon biome plays a significant role in controlling summer rainfall in the Pantanal. Based on these spatiotemporal maps, a multi-linear regression model was built to predict the mean rate of summer rainy days in Pantanal by 2100, relative to the 1961-1990 mean reference. We found that the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest has profound implications for water security and the conservation of Pantanal’s ecosystem services. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0 10 0.0005221
10 | DE MM, 2019, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V647, P 923, DOI 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.08.002 | Climate change scenarios tend to intensify extreme rainfall events and drought in Brazil threatening urban water security. Low Impact Development (LID) practices are decentralized alternatives for flood mitigation and prevention. Recently, their potential has increasingly been studied in terms of stormwater harvesting. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about their potentialities in subtropical climate regions. Therefore, this study evaluated the behavior of a bioretention cell in a Brazilian city, during the dry period, which is critical in terms of pollutant accumulation and water availability. In addition to the runoff reduction and pollutant removal efficiency, this paper analyzed the potential for water reuse in terms of the stored volume and water quality guidelines. The results obtained show an average runoff retention efficiency of 70%. Considering only the water availability aspects, the potential stored runoff could be reused for non-potable purposes, reducing the water demand in the catchment by at least half during the dry season. On the other hand, the bioretention presented two different conditions for pollutant removal: Condition A - the concentration values are within the recommended limits for water reuse. The parameters found in this condition were NO3, NO2, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr; Condition B - the pollutant concentrations are above the guideline limits for water reuse and cannot be directly used for different purposes. The parameters found in this condition were Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd and color. Considering water reuse, an additional treatment is required for parameters in this second condition. Further studies should evaluate the design aspects that can allow collection of LIDs effluent, additional treatment if necessary, and reuse in the catchment. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0 9 0.0005221
31 | WILDER M, 2016, CURR OPIN ENV SUST, V 21, P 90, DOI 10.1016/J.COSUST.2016.11.008 | This introduction to the special issue addresses the need to move beyond the adaptation information gap and the benefits and problems inherent in this move. It provides a background on this project and a brief review of the existing literature and recent advances in developing measurement and assessment instruments ‘metrics’ for the important guiding concepts of water security and adaptive capacity in water management. The review summarizes the promise and challenges encountered in the development and application of metrics and demonstrates that significant challenges remain in developing and applying metric instruments in real-world contexts, the most vexing being the lack of agreement on what model(s) to use and how to weight factors; the lack of evaluation of the validity and robustness of the instruments; the lack of consistency in analytical and application scales; deficits in engaging public participation in instrument design and use; and enduring tensions between contextualized and systematized knowledge, descriptive and predictive capabilities, and static and fluid data. 0 6 0.0005221
4 | BRISCOE J, 2014, WATER POLICY, V 16, P 1, DOI 10.2166/WP.2014.001 | This Special Edition of Water Policy is one outcome of an innovative educational and research project, the Harvard Water Federalism Project, designed to train a new generation of students from a wide variety of disciplines to address the growing challenge of water security. This paper describes the core ideas behind the project, namely the creation of a new generation of specialized integrators' and that of exposing students to the wisdom ofthinking practitioners’. The paper describes the particular water problem chosen, namely that of the infrastructural and institutional challenges involved with the development and management of water in large rivers (the Colorado, Indus, Mississippi, Murray-Darling and Sao Francisco) in federal countries (Australia, Brazil, Pakistan and the United States). The paper serves as an overview to the basin papers written by multi-disciplinary student teams, and draws some general lessons from this comparative analysis. 0 4 0.0005221
9 | DE FE, 2017, LAND DEGRAD DEV, V 28, P1263, DOI 10.1002/LDR.2524 | Land degradation has been a global environmental issue, and its cause includes poorly managed grazing. Quantitative information is needed to support policy actions for food and water security and development. The objective of this study was to assess and characterize CO2-C emissions in degraded (DP) and managed pasture (MP) areas located close to one another, describing their spatial-temporal variability and any correlation with possible controlling factors. A grid of 100x100m with 102 sample points in each area was set up. Measurements of CO2-C emission (FCO2), soil temperature (T-soil), soil water content (WCsoil), soil physical (i.e. soil texture, soil bulk density, macro-porosity, micro-porosity, air-filled pore space and total pore volume) and chemical (i.e. pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity) analysis were conducted at each sample point. Total emissions calculated from the area below the FCO2 graphs were 640.7 and 440.0kg CO2-Cha(-1) in the DP and MP, respectively. Soil temperature in the MP was lower (t-test, p<0.01) throughout the experimental period when compared with the DP. This study found that the degraded pasture area released significantly more CO2-C compared with the well-managed pasture. Therefore, the introduction of best management practices in pasture areas is an important strategy to reduce soil CO2-C losses and promote soil C accumulation. The MP presented lower FCO2 despite its higher soil C stock, indicating a more stable soil C condition when compared with the DP area. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 0 4 0.0005221
16 | LATHUILLIERE MJ, 2018, GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG, V 53, P 252, DOI 10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2018.10.004 | The water footprint (WF) has introduced a much-needed perspective for decision-makers on the use of water resources in supply chains. It has been used as a tool to assess and improve water use efficiency and water resources management, as well as inform on potential environmental impacts of water consumption in products. This paper is a contribution towards harmonizing WF assessments within decision-making contexts as they relate to their specific focus on either products or water management. First, we describe the relationship between product- and water management-focused WF approaches and their distinct perspectives, priorities and reliance on specific academic fields in relation to water resources decision-making. We then propose a harmonized WF assessment that observes both hydrogeographic and product system boundaries. We apply this harmonized WF assessment to the case of soybean production in Mato Grosso, Brazil, to illustrate how micro- and macro-level decision-making can be combined for a more complete set of policy responses affecting water resources. Our contribution aims to better highlight the strengths and limitations of individual WF approaches and assessments which can be overcome by a harmonized approach. By focusing the conversation on a more integrated assessment of water use in relation to decision-making, we show the range of different purposes and useful WF results that, together, can promote responses for greater local and global water security. 0 4 0.0005221
25 | RODRIGUES DB, 2015, WATER RESOUR RES, V 51, P9013, DOI 10.1002/2014WR016691 | Various uncertainties are involved in the representation of processes that characterize interactions among societal needs, ecosystem functioning, and hydrological conditions. Here we develop an empirical uncertainty assessment of water security indicators that characterize scarcity and vulnerability, based on a multimodel and resampling framework. We consider several uncertainty sources including those related to (i) observed streamflow data; (ii) hydrological model structure; (iii) residual analysis; (iv) the method for defining Environmental Flow Requirement; (v) the definition of critical conditions for water provision; and (vi) the critical demand imposed by human activities. We estimate the overall hydrological model uncertainty by means of a residual bootstrap resampling approach, and by uncertainty propagation through different methodological arrangements applied to a 291 km(2) agricultural basin within the Cantareira water supply system in Brazil. Together, the two-component hydrograph residual analysis and the block bootstrap resampling approach result in a more accurate and precise estimate of the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) in the simulated time series. We then compare the uncertainty estimates associated with water security indicators using a multimodel framework and the uncertainty estimates provided by each model uncertainty estimation approach. The range of values obtained for the water security indicators suggests that the models/methods are robust and performs well in a range of plausible situations. The method is general and can be easily extended, thereby forming the basis for meaningful support to end-users facing water resource challenges by enabling them to incorporate a viable uncertainty analysis into a robust decision-making process. 0 4 0.0005221
19 | MOHOR GS, 2017, ECOL ECON, V140, P 66, DOI 10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2017.04.014 | Developing countries face large losses to extreme natural hazards. Regarding droughts, planning instruments are important for managing water resources and diminishing the losses. Under increasing demand scenario, varied criteria should be incorporated indicating society’s capacity to bear the consequences. Here we present a Brazilian-contextualized insurance model and suggest its outputs as complementary criteria to assist water resources management and to inform the stakeholders. From the streamflow simulated using hydrologic models driven by a climate scenario, we applied the Hydrologic Risk Transfer Model (MTRH-SHS), an insurance fund simulator under a multi-year policy, to assess sustainability indicators and the premiums a community would pay to cover the expenses of water deficits. Multiple scenarios generated with MTRH-SHS link water yield and seasonality related to both premium and loss ratios. A 20% increase in water demand elevates the premium up to 0.1% of a local GDP. Even under current demand, premiums may surpass 0.5% of GDP because of changes in the hydrologic regime. Proportionally, more seasonal or varied regimes result in more heterogeneous loss events, which in turn is linked to higher insurance premiums. MTRH-SHS might raise awareness for decision-makers to cope with drought under changing water demand and climate in the Brazilian context. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0 3 0.0005221
21 | PONTES LM, 2016, ENG AGR-JABOTICABAL, V 36, P1037, DOI 10.1590/1809-4430-ENG.AGRIC.V36N6P1037-1049/2016 | The lack of hydrological data in Brazil is the main limitation for structuring hydrological models, which are able to assist water resources management. Therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the performance of models without on-site calibration. Within this context, the aim of this study was to calibrate the SWAT hydrological model for the Camanducaia River Basin and to evaluate the performance of this calibration in a contiguous drainage basin, one of the Jaguari River. For the calibration and validation steps, the SWAT-CUP program was utilized. Uncertainty analysis and calculation of efficiency indexes were carried out through the SUFI-2 algorithm. The SWAT adjustment in the Camanducaia River Basin obtained adequate results, with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient higher than 0.80 in the monthly time step and of 0.64 for the daily time step. With the parametrical transfer of this model to the Jaguari River Basin, simulations were classified as very good in the monthly time step and acceptable for the daily time step. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the parametric transfer is a promising technique to model ungauged catchments, and can contribute towards water resources management in the river basins of the Mantiqueira Range region, as well as in other regions with shortage of hydrological monitoring. 0 3 0.0005221
22 | POUSA R, 2019, WATER-SUI, V 11, DOI 10.3390/W11050933 | In Western Bahia, one of the most active agricultural frontiers of the world, cropland area and irrigated area are increasing at fast rates, and water conflicts have been happening at least since 2010. This study makes a hydroclimatic analysis of the water resources in Western Bahia, from both supply and demand viewpoints. Time series of precipitation for the period 1980-2015 and river discharge for the period 1978-2015 are analyzed, indicating a significant reduction of up to 12% in rainfall since the 1980s, and a reduction in river discharge in all stations studied, in both the rainy season and the dry season. Combined with that, irrigated area has increased over 150-fold in 30 years, and in the most irrigated regions, has increased by 90% in the last eight years only. Seven regions in Western Bahia have been identified where the potential for water use conflicts is critical. Moreover, the combination of reduced availability and increased demand of water resources indicates that, if current trends are maintained, conflicts over water may become more frequent in the next years or decades. A short-term alternative to avoid such conflicts is to largely avoid irrigation during the months with low discharge. However, a monitoring system in which the availability and demand of water resources for irrigation are actually measured and monitored, is the safest path to provide water security to this region. 0 3 0.0005221
8 | DE AM, 2018, J HYDROL, V563, P 737, DOI 10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2018.06.047 | Soil water availability has a strong role on vegetation conservation and biodiversity, particularly at vulnerable environments such as archipelagos, subject to significant temporal changes of climate and rainfall, which influence soil weathering and erosion processes. Few field studies on hydrology of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean have been developed focusing on soil and water temporal dynamics and conservation, mainly because such studies require data with high temporal resolution, and also due to the financial costs involved with field data acquisition at such remote places. Considering the importance of soil moisture content to several hydrological processes and islands environmental sustainability, this study aimed to investigate the soil water temporal dynamics in relation to different rainfall patterns and also the rainfall erosivity and its temporal variation, and the resulting infiltration depths, during a typical hydrological period, in an experimental plot at the main watershed of Fernando de Noronha, in the Brazilian Atlantic Coast. Rainfall was recorded every 5 min, and soil moisture was intensely monitored by 16 moisture probes, installed at 10-40 cm and 40-70 cm layers, during three years, representing the typical local hydrological regime and seasons. Rainfall bursts pattern were identified and described. Experimental data allowed a hydrological model to be calibrated and validated, providing estimates of infiltration depths, which can be valuable for water resources planning and management. Hydrological patterns were determined for each erosive rainfall, depending on the precipitation peak position, as advanced, intermediate and delayed. The soil water effectiveness was also evaluated and related to the different rainfall patterns. Soil moisture is highest from April to June, close to saturation; whilst for the other months the values were close to the residual value. The rainfall erosivity in the archipelago was identified as moderate to strong, and the most frequent rainfall pattern was the advanced. Fast wetting-drying cycles during the rainfall events were observed, due to rainfall intermittency, evapotranspiration, and to soil hydraulic conductivity. It was observed the prevalence of high moisture indexes, with percentages higher than 40% (extremely effective level) for both investigated depths within the first 70 cm of soil, essential for plant water uptake. The observed rainfall erosivity highlights the importance of defining local strategies for soil and water conservation aimed at water security in the island. Based on a simulation model, which was successfully calibrated (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Index NS = 0.76) and validated (NS = 0.81) for periods in the wet season, high infiltration depths have been identified, which contributes to canopy conservation in the archipelago. 0 2 0.0005221
12 | EMPINOTTI VL, 2019, GEOFORUM, V 98, P 46, DOI 10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2018.09.022 | Between 2013 and 2015, Sao Paulo experienced a major drought. With drinking water reservoirs reduced to 5% of their capacity, the water supply company, SABESP, implemented measures to reduce household water consumption, and the government of Sao Paulo state overruled watershed committees to prioritize the supply of water to SABESP. While attention centered on freak meteorological conditions, the management of water resources and water services also played a role; in particular the conversion of SABESP from a state utility to a mixed capital company in which the state government held a majority stake. As the crisis abated, the state government announced measures to increase ‘water security’, comprising water diversion infrastructure to increase supply alongside governance reforms to improve state-led responses. This paper examines the relationship between water security and water governance in the context of the Sao Paulo water crisis. We demonstrate how processes and structures that are broadly characteristic of ‘good governance’ both exacerbated the effects of the drought and constrained responses to it. We make two related arguments. First, the mutually-beneficial commercial relationship between the state government and SABESP was fundamental in shaping these dynamics. Second, the drought experience, shaped by these dynamics, has legitimized a shift back towards a centralized, top-down and supply-led approach to water. This is discursively framed as envisaging future ‘water security’, yet serves to enhance SABESP’s revenue streams, and consequently state government finances. We thus contend that the conventional view that good governance is conducive to water security needs to be reevaluated. 0 1 0.0005221
18 | MATTOS JB, 2019, LAND USE POLICY, V 82, P 509, DOI 10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2018.12.027 | The objective of this study was to discuss how natural factors associated with poor land use policy and ineffective water resources management triggered a severe water crisis in a region with water plenty. The idea developed throughout the text is the result of a water shortage experience in a Brazilian medium-size city, related to recurrent climatological events, indicating the need for national and international water management agencies to elaborate policies, guidelines and mechanisms that take environmental seasonality into account. The study area (Itabuna city) is located within a rainforest biogeographic context, with high rainfall rates and perennial fluvial regimes. Nevertheless, in a period of climatic oscillation (2015-2016), the region experienced a water shortage because it relied on what it neglects. Through GIS and geoprocessing, we estimate the levels of degradation of two neighboring watersheds to illustrate the problem discussed here. The discourse adopted by the urban managers pointed out that the natural factors caused the water crisis. However, one of the watersheds that supply water to urban areas did not meet demand during the dry season, the other is degraded and with reduced ability to deliver ecosystem services. Due to the water crisis, an old proposal of implementing a dam in the watershed with highest level of degradation was resumed and implanted. The method chosen to solve the issue of water shortage, although valid, isn’t enough, in addition to demanding large engineering interventions in the natural environment, it does not guarantee water security without an effective land use policy for watersheds. Therefore, as a complement to the dam, we suggest watershed restoration and preservation policies that can effectively regulate water production and promote resilient and sustainable water security should be implemented. 0 1 0.0005221
2 | BOLSON SH, 2016, VEREDAS DIREITO, V 13, P 223 | Water governance in Brazil, especially in water vulnerability regions (v.g. Semiarid and part of the South), is challenged by the impact of climate change, which stoked the problem of water scarcity. This article aims to analyze and study data related to water vulnerability and impacts of climate change in the regions mentioned before as well as address on the National Plan for Water Security and the organization of public consortium by municipalities in the affected areas. These are two fighting instruments and prevention of water insecurity suggested as proposed implementing good governance of water. 0 0 0.0005221
5 | CAVAZZANA GH, 2019, RBRH-REV BRAS RECUR, V 24, DOI 10.1590/2318-0331.241920180136 | Since groundwater and surface waters are important components of the hydrological system, determining their interaction is essential for the efficient management of water resources by predicting the consequences of interference, whether due to the growth of demand or due to climate change. However, integrated scientific studies on these water resources are scarce, including in the Guariroba’s Environmental Protection Area, responsible for supplying 31.3% of the Campo Grandem/MS’s population, representing a local water security element. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the interaction between surface-groundwater in an unconfined sedimentary aquifer system, based on hydrograph separation methodologies of base flow, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) analysis, Master Recession Curve (MRC) evaluation and verification of the relationship between the surface flow, piezometric levels (PL) of the wells and the monthly precipitation. The results indicates a proportional relationship between rainfall, superficial flow and PL variations; the FDC smooth slope suggests that the baseflow is sustained by the groundwater discharge, corresponding to 89% of the total flow; the low-flow index indicates that the groundwater’s storage capacity is about 80%; the Base-Flow Index (BFI) ranging from 0.804 to 0.921, indicates a stable flow regime, aquifer’s high permeability conditions, though not uniform, and low runoff. 0 0 0.0005221
6 | CEDDIA MB, 2017, PROGR SOIL SCI, P 331, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43394-3_29 | Soil security denotes freedom from risks of losing a specific or a group of soil functions. This case study in the permanent protection area of Sana river (PPA-Sana), Brazil, addresses the relationship between soil security and water security. It explores the soil function “the provision of clean water and its storage, as well as filtering the contamination of water ways.” The study also presents a formal way to put soil security into practice applying the meta soil model. Meta soil modeling is built on integral theory that facilitates to understand the complexity of soil, water, and other securities. The soil and water securities in the PPA-Sana are interconnected and at risk. Specifically, one of the main problems is the discharge of soil sediments in the rivers as a consequence of soil erosion. Soil erosion and compaction constrain soil and water security, and these were monitored and mapped in order to provide support for policy interventions. However, our findings suggest that producing better soil maps and more monitoring are not enough to improve soil and water security. On the contrary, awareness building, creating trust among stakeholders, and better integration among quadrants of the integral model would lead to an enhancement of soil and water security. In essence, cognizance (the sixth dimension of soil and other securities) is profoundly important to allow integration of human and biophysical system dimensions. 0 0 0.0005221

Not included in the dataset

These papers and other references were not among the 32 records downloaded from the Web of Science.

FullReference InDegree PageRank
176 2 7 0.0005684
13 HOEKSTRA A. Y., 2011, WATER FOOTPRINT ASSE 5 0.0005568
15 HOEKSTRA AY, 2012, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V109, P3232, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.1109936109 4 0.0005593
782 HOEKSTRA AY, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0032688 4 0.0005474
705 BAKKER K, 2012, SCIENCE, V337, P914, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.1226337 4 0.0005472
1310 ARNOLD JG, 1998, J AM WATER RESOUR AS, V34, P73, DOI 10.1111/J.1752-1688.1998.TB05961.X 3 0.0005514
1323 MORIASI DN, 2007, T ASABE, V50, P885, DOI 10.13031/2013.23153 3 0.0005514
541 MAGRIN GO, 2014, CLIMATE CHANGE 2014: IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITY, PT B: REGIONAL ASPECTS 3 0.0005481
760 DALIN C, 2012, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V109, P5989, DOI 10.1073/PNAS.1203176109 3 0.0005469
784 HOEKSTRA AY, 2011, WATER-SUI, V3, P21, DOI 10.3390/W3010021 3 0.0005469
683 RICHARDS RC, 2015, ECOSYST SERV, V16, P23, DOI 10.1016/J.ECOSER.2015.09.002 3 0.0005444
722 GREY D, 2007, WATER POLICY, V9, P545, DOI 10.2166/WP.2007.021 3 0.0005438
1660 SMAKHTIN V, 2004, WATER INT, V29, P307, DOI 10.1080/02508060408691785 3 0.0005423
1665 VAN LOON AF, 2013, WATER RESOUR RES, V49, P1483, DOI 10.1002/WRCR.20147 3 0.0005423
1548 RICHTER BD, 2012, RIVER RES APPL, V28, P1312, DOI 10.1002/RRA.1511 3 0.0005422
7 DA SILVA VDR, 2016, WATER-SUI, V8, DOI 10.3390/W8110517 3 0.0005407
1180 GASSMAN PW, 2007, T ASABE, V50, P1211, DOI 10.13031/2013.23637 3 0.0005394
441 MEKONNEN MM, 2014, ECOL INDIC, V46, P214, DOI [10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2014.06.013, 10.1016/J.ECOLIND] 3 0.0005370
400 FOLEY JA, 2011, NATURE, V478, P337, DOI 10.1038/NATURE10452 3 0.0005353
661 KELMAN J, 2015, AQUAT PR, V5, P13, DOI 10.1016/J.AQPRO.2015.10.004 2 0.0006415
1125 CAMPOS JNB, 2003, REV BRASILEIRA RECUR, V8, DOI 10.2166/WP.2008.058 2 0.0005591
128 CARRANZA T, 2014, CONSERV LETT, V7, P216, DOI 10.1111/CONL.12049 2 0.0005496
166 FEARNSIDE PM, 2016, SCIENCE, V353, P746, DOI 10.1126/SCIENCE.AAG0254 2 0.0005496
14 HOEKSTRA A.Y., 2002, VALUE WATER RES REPO, V11 2 0.0005393
155 DOBROVOLSKI R, 2015, NAT CONSERVACAO, V13, P80, DOI 10.1016/J.NCON.2015.03.006 2 0.0005301
221 LATHUILLIERE MJ, 2018, AGR FOREST METEOROL, V256, P407, DOI 10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2018.03.023 2 0.0005284
222 LATHUILLIERE MJ, 2018, WATER-SUI, V10, DOI 10.3390/W10040349 2 0.0005284
1333 AGENCIA NACIONAL DE AGUAS (ANA) (BRAZILIAN NATIONAL WATER AGENCY), 2015, ENC ESP SOBR CRIS HI, P13 1 0.0006349
1334 BRAGA B., 2006, WATER MANAGEMENT LAR, P151 1 0.0006349
1336 US NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, 2012, GLOBAL TRENDS 2030 A 1 0.0006349
521 CEPEL, 2013, PROJ NEWAVE MOD ESTR 1 0.0005855
522 FALCETTA FILIPE A. M., 2014, WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS 2014: WATER WITHOUT BO 1 0.0005855
523 GOOR Q, 2011, J WATER RES PLAN MAN, V137, P258, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000117 1 0.0005855
524 LOPES J.F, 2007, THESIS 1 0.0005855
525 ZAMBON RC, 2018, WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS 2018: WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, IRRIGA 1 0.0005855
526 ZAMBON RC, 2016, WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS 2016: WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, IRRIGA 1 0.0005855
527 ZAMBON RC, 2012, J WATER RES PLAN MAN, V138, P135, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000149 1 0.0005855
1815 ALAM U. Z., 1998, THESIS U DURHAM 1 0.0005776
1816 BLACKBOURN DAVID, 2007, CONQUEST NATURE WATE 1 0.0005776
1817 BRISCOE J, 2010, J WATER RES PL-ASCE, V136, P409, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.78 1 0.0005776
1818 NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COUNCIL, 2012, GLOB TRENDS 2030 ALT 1 0.0005776
1819 NORTH D.C., 1997, NOBEL LECT EC 1991 1 1 0.0005776
1820 REUSS M., 2003, FEDERAL WATER RESOUR 1 0.0005776
1821 TEISCH JB, 2011, ENGINEERING NATURE: WATER, DEVELOPMENT & THE GLOBAL SPREAD OF AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTA 1 0.0005776
1822 WHITNEY N. S., 2009, HARVARD CRIMSON 0910 1 0.0005776
1365 CEDDIA MB, 2012, SUSTAINABLE WATER MA, P1223 1 0.0005517
1366 CLINGENSMITH CM, 2015, 6 DIMENSION SOIL SEC 1 0.0005517

Most referenced publications

Topic modeling output

Topic modeling is a type of statistical text mining method for discovering common “topics” that occur in a collection of documents. A topic modeling algorithm essentially looks through the abstracts included in the datasets for clusters of co-occurring of words and groups them together by a process of similarity.

The following columns describe each topic detected using LDA topic modeling by listing the ten most characteristic words in each topic. See also the interactive visualization for a better characterization of the topics and a visual representation of how (dis)similar the detected topics are to each other.

The number of topics is estimated using the structural topic model library semantic coherence diagnostic values. Raw values are available in output file as kqualityvalues.csv and can be interpreted with stm documentation if necessary (see section 3.4). Search is limited between four and six topics for server performance reasons.

Topic.1 Topic.2 Topic.3 Topic.4 Topic.5 Topic.6
secur water soil resourc brazil water
water basin studi system manag import
govern model cwp demand ecosystem global
drought hydrolog rainfal product provid consumpt
paper result area region natur countri
state assess period storag watersh blue
respons analysi crop potenti challeng region
appli uncertainti high chang pantan identifi
sao flow kgm increas environment sourc
case human pattern climat servic sustain