Installing and Checking Packages

library("lavaan")
library("effects")
library("psych")
library("lme4")
library("lmerTest")
library("sjstats")
library("sjmisc")
library("lattice")

Importing and Attaching Data

library("sjmisc")
setwd("C:/Users/pickrese/Dropbox/Vanderbilt/Cutting Lab/Reading Error Measure (RED)/PCRC/Poster Data/Wide Data Y2")
REDmasterPassage <- read.csv("C:/Users/pickrese/Dropbox/Vanderbilt/Cutting Lab/Reading Error Measure (RED)/PCRC/Poster Data/Wide Data Y2/REDmasterPassage.csv")
View(REDmasterPassage)
attach(REDmasterPassage)

Checking Variable Distributions

histogram(rc3_pass_expository_total)

boxplot(rc3_pass_expository_total)

histogram(rc3_pass_narrative_total)

boxplot(rc3_pass_narrative_total)

Passage Specific Comprehension

PC1 <- lm(rc3_pass_expository_total ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_expository_total ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, 
##     data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -93.73 -43.38  14.04  45.52  66.48 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     -7.70140   14.14893  -0.544    0.587    
## CWPM_E           0.62254    0.12484   4.987 1.64e-06 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum  0.06031    0.35301   0.171    0.865    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 47.59 on 154 degrees of freedom
##   (6 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1819, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1713 
## F-statistic: 17.12 on 2 and 154 DF,  p-value: 1.935e-07
PC2 <- lm(rc3_pass_expository_total ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_expository_total ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -89.89 -45.38  13.83  44.21  65.67 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       42.6301    50.5538   0.843    0.400    
## CWPM_E             0.7949     0.1751   4.540 1.14e-05 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age  -0.5959     0.5406  -1.102    0.272    
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum   -0.0860     0.3864  -0.223    0.824    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 47.18 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.2031, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1873 
## F-statistic: 12.83 on 3 and 151 DF,  p-value: 1.639e-07
PC3 <- lm(rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC3)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, 
##     data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.8928 -0.4669  0.2397  0.6433  1.1634 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     6.493979   0.252678  25.701  < 2e-16 ***
## CWPM_N          0.006869   0.001831   3.752 0.000248 ***
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum 0.002814   0.006305   0.446 0.655968    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8525 on 154 degrees of freedom
##   (6 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1012, Adjusted R-squared:  0.08955 
## F-statistic: 8.672 on 2 and 154 DF,  p-value: 0.0002699
PC4 <- lm(rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC4)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -2.9001 -0.4748  0.1880  0.6525  1.4340 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       7.6876222  0.8438859   9.110 4.68e-16 ***
## CWPM_N            0.0092338  0.0024769   3.728 0.000272 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age -0.0132586  0.0089581  -1.480 0.140936    
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum  -0.0007235  0.0067792  -0.107 0.915145    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8545 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1104, Adjusted R-squared:  0.09271 
## F-statistic: 6.245 on 3 and 151 DF,  p-value: 0.0005026
PC5 <- lm(rc3_pass_expository_total ~ DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC5)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_expository_total ~ DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -53.93 -47.45 -19.84  47.34  98.95 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      58.5523     4.9658  11.791  < 2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum  -0.8945     0.3171  -2.821  0.00541 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 51.12 on 156 degrees of freedom
##   (5 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04854,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04244 
## F-statistic: 7.958 on 1 and 156 DF,  p-value: 0.005409
PC6 <- lm(rc3_pass_expository_total ~ DeltaDSyM_E_Average ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC6)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_expository_total ~ DeltaDSyM_E_Average, 
##     data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -49.50 -45.42 -29.51  49.02 105.59 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)          50.3233     8.8585   5.681 6.39e-08 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Average   0.2547    10.5155   0.024    0.981    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 52.4 on 156 degrees of freedom
##   (5 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  3.761e-06,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.006406 
## F-statistic: 0.0005867 on 1 and 156 DF,  p-value: 0.9807
PC7 <- lm(rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC7)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2164 -0.3617  0.6223  0.6746  1.3871 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      7.386304   0.088954  83.035   <2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum -0.009674   0.005577  -1.735   0.0848 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8877 on 155 degrees of freedom
##   (6 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01904,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01272 
## F-statistic: 3.009 on 1 and 155 DF,  p-value: 0.08478
PC8 <- lm(rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ DeltaDSyM_N_Average ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(PC8)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_pass_narrative_total ~ DeltaDSyM_N_Average, 
##     data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2649 -0.3604  0.2906  0.6946  1.0279 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                     Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)           6.8796     0.1865  36.896   <2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_N_Average   0.4472     0.1868   2.394   0.0179 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.8802 on 155 degrees of freedom
##   (6 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03565,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.02943 
## F-statistic:  5.73 on 1 and 155 DF,  p-value: 0.01788

Generalized Comprehension

C1 <- lm(rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -9.0124 -2.1294  0.0826  2.2997  6.4252 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     23.205372   0.901236  25.748   <2e-16 ***
## CWPM_E           0.080398   0.008004  10.044   <2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum -0.039062   0.022295  -1.752   0.0818 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 2.999 on 153 degrees of freedom
##   (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5357, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5296 
## F-statistic: 88.26 on 2 and 153 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C2 <- lm(rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -7.6707 -1.8317  0.1626  2.0845  6.8713 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     23.545775   0.900595  26.145   <2e-16 ***
## CWPM_N           0.063632   0.006551   9.713   <2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum -0.052280   0.022398  -2.334   0.0209 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 3.027 on 153 degrees of freedom
##   (7 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5281, Adjusted R-squared:  0.522 
## F-statistic: 85.62 on 2 and 153 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C3 <- lm(rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C3)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_N + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -14.3127  -4.4153  -0.2315   4.6118  15.3100 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     15.38239    1.81968   8.453 2.23e-14 ***
## CWPM_N           0.16349    0.01318  12.403  < 2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum -0.11448    0.04543  -2.520   0.0128 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 6.118 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (9 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6358, Adjusted R-squared:  0.631 
## F-statistic: 131.8 on 2 and 151 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C4 <- lm(rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C4)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -11.5462  -3.7698  -0.3809   3.7813  15.3752 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     15.70929    1.77722   8.839 2.32e-15 ***
## CWPM_E           0.19744    0.01567  12.603  < 2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum -0.13174    0.04448  -2.962  0.00356 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 5.948 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (9 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6592, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6546 
## F-statistic:   146 on 2 and 151 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C5 <- lm(rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C5)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -10.9735  -3.6518  -0.5113   4.0024  15.0810 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       8.79754    6.33501   1.389   0.1670    
## CWPM_E            0.17964    0.02193   8.190 1.12e-13 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age  0.07878    0.06768   1.164   0.2463    
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum  -0.11188    0.04873  -2.296   0.0231 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 5.898 on 148 degrees of freedom
##   (11 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6627, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6558 
## F-statistic: 96.91 on 3 and 148 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C6 <- lm(rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C6)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_gates_comp_raw ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -13.6556  -4.1177   0.0004   4.2054  14.8802 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       2.69828    5.96846   0.452   0.6519    
## CWPM_N            0.13492    0.01749   7.714 1.65e-12 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age  0.14533    0.06329   2.296   0.0231 *  
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum  -0.08159    0.04798  -1.700   0.0912 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 6.027 on 148 degrees of freedom
##   (11 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6443, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6371 
## F-statistic: 89.35 on 3 and 148 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C7 <- lm(rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C7)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_E + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -8.4073 -2.0684 -0.0961  2.3918  6.3903 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      17.16302    3.18951   5.381 2.77e-07 ***
## CWPM_E            0.06468    0.01105   5.855 2.87e-08 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age  0.06811    0.03411   1.997   0.0476 *  
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum  -0.02001    0.02438  -0.821   0.4131    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 2.977 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5457, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5367 
## F-statistic: 60.47 on 3 and 151 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
C8 <- lm(rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + DeltaDSyM_N_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(C8)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_pc_raw_age ~ CWPM_N + rc3_wj_br_ss_age + 
##     DeltaDSyM_N_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -7.9486 -1.8484  0.1081  2.2402  6.6016 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                   Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)      17.601992   2.963416   5.940 1.89e-08 ***
## CWPM_N            0.051112   0.008698   5.876 2.59e-08 ***
## rc3_wj_br_ss_age  0.066849   0.031457   2.125   0.0352 *  
## DeltaDSyM_N_Sum  -0.035345   0.023806  -1.485   0.1397    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 3.001 on 151 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5397, Adjusted R-squared:  0.5305 
## F-statistic: 59.01 on 3 and 151 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

*should I center all the variables?

M8 <- lm(rc3_wj_br_ss_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(M8)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_br_ss_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -20.9930  -5.2943  -0.2757   5.3421  16.7321 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     89.69727    2.14538  41.809  < 2e-16 ***
## CWPM_E           0.22354    0.01901  11.760  < 2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum -0.29502    0.05280  -5.587 1.04e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.08 on 152 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6965, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6926 
## F-statistic: 174.5 on 2 and 152 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
M9 <- lm(rc3_wj_br_ss_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum ,  data = REDmasterPassage)
summary(M9)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = rc3_wj_br_ss_age ~ CWPM_E + DeltaDSyM_E_Sum, data = REDmasterPassage)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -20.9930  -5.2943  -0.2757   5.3421  16.7321 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)     89.69727    2.14538  41.809  < 2e-16 ***
## CWPM_E           0.22354    0.01901  11.760  < 2e-16 ***
## DeltaDSyM_E_Sum -0.29502    0.05280  -5.587 1.04e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 7.08 on 152 degrees of freedom
##   (8 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.6965, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6926 
## F-statistic: 174.5 on 2 and 152 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16