Citizens Assemble

This document provides the R code used in the statistical analysis of data for the article titled:

Citizens Assemble: Social discourse through the Irish media ‘before’, ‘during’ and ‘after’ the Citizens’ Assembly on ‘How the State can make Ireland a leader in tackling climate change’.

library(xtable)
library(dplyr)

Labels for newspaper name

PaperLabel <- c('Farmers Journal', 'Irish Times', 'Independent', 'The Journal')
Data$PaperName <- PaperLabel[Data$Paper]

Labels for article tone

Data$Tone <- 'Neg'                                      
Data$Tone[which(Data$Positive == 1)] <- 'Pos'
Data$Tone[which(Data$Neutral == 1)] <- 'Neu'

Labels for article period

PeriodLabel <- c("Before","During","After")            
Data$PeriodName <- PeriodLabel[Data$Period]

Labels for article scale - reliance upon evidence

ScaleLabel <- c("None","Low","Medium","High","Very High")
Data$ScaleName <- ScaleLabel[Data$Scale]

Separating time periods

Before <- Data[which(Data$PeriodName == 'Before'),]     ## March-May 2017
During <- Data[which(Data$PeriodName == 'During'),]     ## Sept-Nov (inclusive) 2017
After  <- Data[which(Data$PeriodName == 'After'),]      ## Dec 2017 - May 2018

Separating media sources

FJ  <- Data[which(Data$PaperName == 'Farmers Journal'),]
IT  <- Data[which(Data$PaperName == 'Irish Times'),]    
Ind <- Data[which(Data$PaperName == 'Independent'),]    
TJ  <- Data[which(Data$PaperName == 'The Journal'),]    

TONE

Summary

Tone of language per paper OVERALL

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg              54         117         132          45
  Neu              40          33          50          12
  Pos              15          38          39          19

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Data$Tone, Data$PaperName)
X-squared = 18.586, df = 6, p-value = 0.004922

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg      -2.1215487   1.2283302   0.4351878   0.1183896
  Neu       3.8516290  -2.0476494  -0.0460366  -1.5455038
  Pos      -1.4599184   0.6492109  -0.5004265   1.5119288

Tone of language per paper BEFORE

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg              11          27          27           8
  Neu               5           2          15           4
  Pos               6           1           9           8

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Before$Tone, Before$PaperName)
X-squared = 20.447, df = 6, p-value = 0.002305

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg      -0.9852685   3.9306704  -1.2178137  -1.9252160
  Neu       0.2014543  -2.2326424   1.8914551  -0.1362399
  Pos       1.0136233  -2.5715890  -0.4393027   2.5265405

Tone of language per paper DURING

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg              31          61          86          28
  Neu              20          25          25           3
  Pos               8          26          26           7

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(During$Tone, During$PaperName)
X-squared = 12.728, df = 6, p-value = 0.04757

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg      -1.2019923  -1.3301695   0.9929614   1.8831556
  Neu       2.6458654   0.3857951  -1.0520036  -2.1143548
  Pos      -1.2389391   1.2538640  -0.1471351  -0.1559384

Tone of language per paper AFTER

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg              12          29          19           9
  Neu              15           6          10           5
  Pos               1          11           4           4

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(After$Tone, After$PaperName)
X-squared = 16.62, df = 6, p-value = 0.01079

     
      Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  Neg      -1.4909233   1.3456141   0.3198981  -0.4795061
  Neu       3.2859653  -2.9685508   0.2222540  -0.1035162
  Pos      -2.0364312   1.8414685  -0.7084586   0.7782968

RELIANCE ON EVIDENCE

Summary

Reliance on Evidence OVERALL

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High                   31          50          77          24
  Low                    25          55          76          20
  Medium                 46          66          61          17
  Very High               7          17           7          15

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Data$ScaleName, Data$PaperName)
X-squared = 34.502, df = 9, p-value = 7.293e-05

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High           -0.5512325  -1.4548590   1.7099469   0.1901968
  Low            -1.6937665  -0.1359512   1.9554162  -0.6774990
  Medium          2.5304969   1.1093330  -1.7635833  -1.9250583
  Very High      -0.5714966   0.8056568  -3.2122061   4.1886165

Reliance on Evidence BEFORE

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High                    6           7          15           9
  Low                     4          12          18           3
  Medium                  9          10          17           6
  Very High               3           1           1           2

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Before$ScaleName, Before$PaperName)
X-squared = 11.033, df = 9, p-value = 0.2735

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High           -0.3169889  -0.9268292  -0.1362701   1.5897723
  Low            -1.3430319   1.3623273   1.0609597  -1.6070995
  Medium          0.7381837  -0.1079952  -0.1600310  -0.4273188
  Very High       1.7751742  -0.6410497  -1.5029311   0.9089642

Reliance on Evidence DURING

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High                   15          28          60          11
  Low                    15          27          44           9
  Medium                 25          45          31           9
  Very High               4          12           2           9

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(During$ScaleName, During$PaperName)
X-squared = 39.667, df = 9, p-value = 8.729e-06

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High           -1.3500999  -2.1760828   3.4756839  -0.5561094
  Low            -0.3841674  -0.9658221   1.5725399  -0.5522731
  Medium          1.9163397   2.3176728  -2.9637536  -1.1375638
  Very High      -0.3219142   1.3965387  -3.5617286   3.8683358

Reliance on Evidence AFTER

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High                   10          15           2           4
  Low                     6          16          14           8
  Medium                 12          11          13           2
  Very High               0           4           4           4

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(After$ScaleName, After$PaperName)
X-squared = 20.714, df = 9, p-value = 0.01398

           
            Farmers Journal Independent Irish Times The Journal
  High           1.51812913  1.54263831 -2.90562018 -0.27372224
  Low           -1.73208146 -0.07455984  1.01286494  0.88760830
  Medium         1.62676638 -1.20315049  1.30926214 -1.92293751
  Very High     -1.95749002 -0.26190033  0.57306993  1.96478648

RELIANCE ON EVIDENCE VS. TONE

Summary

Reliance on Evidence vs. tone OVERALL

           
            Neg Neu Pos
  High       88  39  55
  Low       156  17   3
  Medium     77  71  42
  Very High  27   8  11

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Data$ScaleName, Data$Tone)
X-squared = 114.79, df = 6, p-value < 2.2e-16

           
                   Neg        Neu        Pos
  High      -3.3656110 -0.5019989  4.7925942
  Low        9.6481148 -4.9316222 -6.8898522
  Medium    -6.1279521  5.8393929  1.4657264
  Very High  0.0157394 -0.8991007  0.9467105

Reliance on Evidence vs. tone BEFORE

           
            Neg Neu Pos
  High       14   9  14
  Low        34   2   1
  Medium     23  15   4
  Very High   2   0   5

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(Before$ScaleName, Before$Tone)
X-squared = 44.508, df = 6, p-value = 5.862e-08

           
                   Neg        Neu        Pos
  High      -3.1859483  0.5676726  3.3639172
  Low        4.8196011 -2.8031281 -3.0856075
  Medium    -0.7459115  2.8510697 -2.0128522
  Very High -1.7071590 -1.4105010  3.5691011

Reliance on Evidence vs. tone DURING

           
            Neg Neu Pos
  High       62  20  32
  Low        85   9   1
  Medium     41  39  30
  Very High  18   5   4

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(During$ScaleName, During$Tone)
X-squared = 66.549, df = 6, p-value = 2.081e-12

           
                   Neg        Neu        Pos
  High      -1.3685722 -1.1359178  2.8727803
  Low        6.9797016 -3.2604209 -5.3030317
  Medium    -5.7607170  4.4684165  2.5416322
  Very High  0.7860269 -0.3421646 -0.6230319

Reliance on Evidence vs. tone AFTER

           
            Neg Neu Pos
  High       12  10   9
  Low        37   6   1
  Medium     13  17   8
  Very High   7   3   2

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  table(After$ScaleName, After$Tone)
X-squared = 27.37, df = 6, p-value = 0.0001234

           
                    Neg         Neu         Pos
  High      -2.12908270  0.49030777  2.28240108
  Low        4.78730941 -2.75934470 -3.08548517
  Medium    -3.11874726  2.60047814  1.01836901
  Very High  0.22956436 -0.30574106  0.06625452

END