Pity Russia’s billionaires (complete version)

Daily Graph Series

Economist-Style Plot using R

Origin of the Economist plot can be found here. In searching a more simpler method of plotting, this plot can be created by only using ggplot2 as follows:

R Codes for Data Cleaning and Visualization

Before going ahead, you can read part 1 for creating left plot here. R codes for replicating above Economist Plot:

#=======================
#  Create a fake data
#=======================

library(tidyverse)

sector <- c("Oild, gas, coal", "Metals", "Banking & Finance", "Other", 
            "Telecoms/IT", "Real estate", "Chemicals and Fertiliser")

bySector <- tibble(sector = sector, 
                   year2005 = c(57, 49, 30, 5, 4, 1, 1), 
                   year2015 = c(28, 20, 32, 25, 6, 19, 11))

bySector %>% mutate(sector = factor(sector, levels = sector)) -> bySector


# Prepare data for plotting 

my_font <- "Ubuntu Condensed"

colorSector <- c("#68382C", "#D6777E", "#00A4E6", "grey40", 
                 "#eca324", "#8abbd0", "#9ae5de")

legendLabels <- sector <- c("Oild, gas, coal", "Metals", "Banking & Finance", "Other", 
                            "Telecoms / IT", "Real estate", "Chemicals\nand fertiliser")


#=======================
#  Create right plot
#======================

pointPosition_y <- seq(4, 20, length.out = 4)
pointPosition_y <- pointPosition_y[1:3]

ggplot() + 
  geom_segment(aes(x = rep(2005, 4), xend = rep(2016, 4), 
                   y = seq(0, 60, 20), yend = seq(0, 60, 20)), color = "grey70", size = 0.7) + 
  geom_segment(aes(x = 2005, xend = 2005, y = 0, yend = 60), color = "grey70", size = 0.7) + 
  geom_segment(aes(x = 2015, xend = 2015, y = 0, yend = 60), color = "grey70", size = 0.7) + 
  geom_point(data = bySector, aes(x = 2005, y = year2005, color = sector), size = 4, show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_point(data = bySector, aes(x = 2015, y = year2015, color = sector), size = 4, show.legend = FALSE) + 
  geom_segment(aes(x = 2005, xend = 2015, y = bySector$year2005, yend = bySector$year2015, color = bySector$sector), size = 2, show.legend = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white")) + 
  theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90")) + 
  theme(axis.title = element_blank()) + 
  theme(axis.text = element_blank()) + 
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank()) + 
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(-1, 63)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(2000, 2016.5)) + 
  scale_color_manual(values = colorSector) + 
  geom_text(aes(x = c(2005, 2015), y = c(-1, -1), label = c("2005", "2015")), family = my_font, color = "grey20", size = 5, vjust = 1) + 
  geom_text(aes(x = rep(2016.5, 4), y = seq(0, 60, 20), label = seq(0, 60, 20)), family = my_font, color = "grey30", size = 6) + 
  geom_point(aes(x = 2000, y = c(bySector$year2005[1:3], 20)), color = colorSector[1:4], size = 4) + 
  geom_text(aes(x = 2000 + 0.3, y = c(bySector$year2005[1:3], 20)), label = legendLabels[1:4], hjust = 0, family = my_font, size = 6, color = "grey30") + 
  geom_point(aes(x = 2000, y = pointPosition_y), color = colorSector[7:5], size = 4) + 
  geom_text(aes(x = 2000 + 0.3, y = pointPosition_y), label = legendLabels[7:5], hjust = 0, family = my_font, size = 6, color = "grey30") + 
  geom_text(aes(x = 2000, y = 63, label = "by sector*, %"), size = 6, color = "black", family = my_font, hjust = 0.1, vjust = -0.5) + 
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1.2, 1, 0.7, 0.7 / 2), "cm")) + 
  labs(caption = "*some billionaires were involved in multi sectors", title = "", subtitle = "") +
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(family = my_font, size = 12, vjust = -3)) + 
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 22, face = "bold", vjust = 4)) + 
  theme(plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 18, vjust = 5)) -> right_plot 

#======================
#  Create left plot
#======================

myColors <- c("#68382C", "#00A4E6")

# Data for ploting: 

dat <- read.csv(text = "Year,Russia,World
1996,0,423
1997,4,220
1998,1,221
1999,0,298
2000,0,322  
2001,8,530
2002,6,466
2003,17,459
2004,25,562
2005,27,664
2006,33,760
2007,53,893
2008,87,1038
2009,32,761
2010,62,949
2011,101,1109
2012,96,1130
2013,110,1317
2014,111,1535
2015,88,1738", header  = TRUE)

# Left graph: 

ggplot() + 
  annotate("curve", 
           curvature = 0,
           x = 1995.8, 
           xend = 2015.5, 
           y = seq(50, 200, 50), 
           yend = seq(50, 200, 50),
           color = "gray70", size = 0.7) + 
  annotate("curve", 
           curvature = 0,
           x = 1995.8, 
           xend = 2015.5, 
           y = 0, 
           yend = 0,
           color = "gray30", size = 0.7) + 
  annotate("curve", 
           curvature = 0,
           x = c(1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015), 
           xend = c(1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015),
           y = 0, 
           yend = -2.5, color = "gray30", size = 0.7) + 
  annotate("text", 
           x = c(1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015),
           y = 0, 
           label = c("1996", "2000", "05", "10", "15"), 
           family = my_font, 
           size = 5,
           color = "grey20", vjust = 2) + 
  geom_line(data = dat, aes(Year, Russia), color = myColors[1], size = 1.7) + 
  geom_line(data = dat, aes(Year, World / 10), color = myColors[2], size = 1.7) + 
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(-5, 215)) + 
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(1995.5, 2016.5), breaks = seq(1996, 2015, 1)) + 
  theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank()) + 
  theme(panel.grid.minor = element_blank()) + 
  annotate("text", x = 1995.5, y = seq(0, 200, 50), label = seq(0, 200, 50), 
           hjust = 0.7, color = myColors[1], size = 5.5, family = my_font) + 
  annotate("text", x = 2015.5, y = seq(0, 200, 50), label = seq(0, 2000, 500), 
           hjust = -0.2, color = myColors[2], size = 5.5, family = my_font) + 
  theme(axis.title = element_blank(), axis.text = element_blank()) + 
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank()) + 
  theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white")) + 
  theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey90")) + 
  annotate("text", x = 1995.5, y = 210, label = "Number in Russia", hjust = 0.1, vjust = -1.8, 
           size = 6, family = my_font, color = myColors[1], fontface = "bold") + 
  annotate("text", x = 2015.5, y = 210, label = "Rest of world", vjust = -1.8, hjust = 0.6, 
           size = 6, family = my_font, color = myColors[2], fontface = "bold") + 
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1.2, 0.7 / 2, 0.3, 1), "cm")) + 
  labs(caption = "Source: Russia’s billionaires\nD.Treisman, American Economic Review (2016)", 
       title = "Off the rich list", subtitle = "Russia billionaires") + 
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(family = my_font, size = 12, vjust = -0.3, hjust = 0)) + 
  theme(plot.title = element_text(family = my_font, size = 22, face = "bold", vjust = 4)) + 
  theme(plot.subtitle = element_text(family = my_font, size = 18, color = "grey30", vjust = 5)) -> left_plot
  
# library(gridExtra)
# grid.arrange(left_plot, right_plot, ncol = 2)

library(grid)
grid.draw(grobTree(rectGrob(gp = gpar(fill = "grey30")),  arrangeGrob(left_plot, right_plot, ncol = 2)))
grid.rect(x = 0.015, y = 0.93, hjust = 1, vjust = 0, gp = gpar(fill = "#e5001c", lwd = 0))  
grid.rect(x = 1, y = 1 - 0.005, hjust = 1, vjust = 0,  gp = gpar(fill = "#e5001c", lwd = 0))