Storm Data Analysis (Reproducible Research Project)
Rui Wang
12/30/2019
Storm Data Analysis For Reproducible Research Project
Synopsis
The Storm Data Analysis result includes two sub parts in Data Processing, which are “Public Health Part” and “Economic Consequences Part”. The reason why I divided the whole analysis result into two parts is that I intend to make the entire analysis code more organized and much easier for readers understand the procedure.
The analysis focus on finding out the event type that have more severe impact respectively on the public health and economics. For the two different analysis purposes, I extract the specific needed variablesd from the original datasets, and build tidy datasets.
During the analysis, I found the most harmful natural disaster type for public health in the US is tornado, which got the highest fatalities number and injuries. However, flood is the event that causes most severe economic consequences in U.S., which have much less public health impact compared to the tornado.
Data Processing
I use the data.table package for loading and tidying datasets, because the original dataset I need to extract info from is quite large and the data.table is really fast in processing very large datasets. Meanwhile, stringr is my “GoTo” library for dealing with character vectors or character variables in R.
library(data.table)
library(stringr)Loading the raw dataset, and check out the basic info of the raw data using str, and then most importantly, check the EVTYPE variable in raw data, extract the unique event names from the original variable, check the potential issues for next step analysis. I found the EVTYPE not only has the event names, but also mixed some summary event, which could influence our further analysis.
file_path <- file.path("/Users/steve/Downloads/repdata_data_StormData.csv")
storm_original <- fread(file_path, na.strings = c("", "?"), strip.white = TRUE)
str(storm_original)## Classes 'data.table' and 'data.frame': 902297 obs. of 37 variables:
## $ STATE__ : num 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ BGN_DATE : chr "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "4/18/1950 0:00:00" "2/20/1951 0:00:00" "6/8/1951 0:00:00" ...
## $ BGN_TIME : chr "0130" "0145" "1600" "0900" ...
## $ TIME_ZONE : chr "CST" "CST" "CST" "CST" ...
## $ COUNTY : num 97 3 57 89 43 77 9 123 125 57 ...
## $ COUNTYNAME: chr "MOBILE" "BALDWIN" "FAYETTE" "MADISON" ...
## $ STATE : chr "AL" "AL" "AL" "AL" ...
## $ EVTYPE : chr "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" "TORNADO" ...
## $ BGN_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ BGN_AZI : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ BGN_LOCATI: chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_DATE : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_TIME : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ COUNTY_END: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ COUNTYENDN: logi NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_RANGE : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ END_AZI : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ END_LOCATI: chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ LENGTH : num 14 2 0.1 0 0 1.5 1.5 0 3.3 2.3 ...
## $ WIDTH : num 100 150 123 100 150 177 33 33 100 100 ...
## $ F : int 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 ...
## $ MAG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ FATALITIES: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ...
## $ INJURIES : num 15 0 2 2 2 6 1 0 14 0 ...
## $ PROPDMG : num 25 2.5 25 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 25 25 ...
## $ PROPDMGEXP: chr "K" "K" "K" "K" ...
## $ CROPDMG : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ CROPDMGEXP: chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ WFO : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ STATEOFFIC: chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ ZONENAMES : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ LATITUDE : num 3040 3042 3340 3458 3412 ...
## $ LONGITUDE : num 8812 8755 8742 8626 8642 ...
## $ LATITUDE_E: num 3051 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ LONGITUDE_: num 8806 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ REMARKS : chr NA NA NA NA ...
## $ REFNUM : num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>storm_prep <- storm_original[, EVTYPE := str_trim(EVTYPE)]
# Get the unique event type name
unique_event_name <- storm_prep[, unique(EVTYPE)]
unique_event_name## [1] "TORNADO" "TSTM WIND"
## [3] "HAIL" "FREEZING RAIN"
## [5] "SNOW" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [7] "SNOW/ICE" "WINTER STORM"
## [9] "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [11] "RECORD COLD" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [13] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [15] "LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [17] "DENSE FOG" "RIP CURRENT"
## [19] "THUNDERSTORM WINS" "FLASH FLOOD"
## [21] "FLASH FLOODING" "HIGH WINDS"
## [23] "FUNNEL CLOUD" "TORNADO F0"
## [25] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [27] "HEAT" "WIND"
## [29] "LIGHTING" "HEAVY RAINS"
## [31] "LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN" "FUNNEL"
## [33] "WALL CLOUD" "FLOODING"
## [35] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "FLOOD"
## [37] "COLD" "HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING"
## [39] "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI" "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [41] "THUNDERSTORM" "WATERSPOUT"
## [43] "EXTREME COLD" "HAIL 1.75)"
## [45] "LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH WIND"
## [47] "BLIZZARD" "BLIZZARD WEATHER"
## [49] "WIND CHILL" "BREAKUP FLOODING"
## [51] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [53] "HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZE"
## [55] "COASTAL FLOOD" "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES"
## [57] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA" "HIGH TIDES"
## [59] "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW" "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND"
## [61] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH"
## [63] "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS" "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD"
## [65] "ICE STORM" "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND"
## [67] "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH"
## [69] "RECORD LOW" "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL"
## [71] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING" "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [73] "AVALANCHE" "MARINE MISHAP"
## [75] "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD"
## [77] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL" "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW"
## [79] "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD" "FLOOD WATCH/"
## [81] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES" "HIGH WIND/SEAS"
## [83] "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "HIGH SEAS"
## [85] "SEVERE TURBULENCE" "RECORD RAINFALL"
## [87] "RECORD SNOWFALL" "RECORD WARMTH"
## [89] "HEAVY SNOW/WIND" "EXTREME HEAT"
## [91] "WIND DAMAGE" "DUST STORM"
## [93] "APACHE COUNTY" "SLEET"
## [95] "HAIL STORM" "FUNNEL CLOUDS"
## [97] "FLASH FLOODS" "DUST DEVIL"
## [99] "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU"
## [101] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [103] "GUSTY WINDS" "STRONG WINDS"
## [105] "FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN" "SNOW AND WIND"
## [107] "HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAVY SURF"
## [109] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "URBAN FLOODING"
## [111] "HIGH SURF" "BLOWING DUST"
## [113] "URBAN/SMALL" "WILD FIRES"
## [115] "HIGH" "URBAN/SMALL FLOODING"
## [117] "WATER SPOUT" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [119] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [121] "WINTER STORMS" "MUDSLIDES"
## [123] "RAINSTORM" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [125] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [127] "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST"
## [129] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [131] "WINDS" "DRY MICROBURST 61"
## [133] "THUNDERSTORMS" "FLASH FLOOD WINDS"
## [135] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "MICROBURST"
## [137] "STRONG WIND" "HIGH WIND DAMAGE"
## [139] "STREAM FLOODING" "URBAN AND SMALL"
## [141] "HEAVY SNOWPACK" "ICE"
## [143] "FLASH FLOOD/" "DOWNBURST"
## [145] "GUSTNADO AND" "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND"
## [147] "WET MICROBURST" "DOWNBURST WINDS"
## [149] "DRY MICROBURST WINDS" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [151] "DRY MICROBURST 53" "SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD"
## [153] "MICROBURST WINDS" "HIGH WINDS 57"
## [155] "DRY MICROBURST 50" "HIGH WINDS 66"
## [157] "HIGH WINDS 76" "HIGH WINDS 63"
## [159] "HIGH WINDS 67" "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW"
## [161] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [163] "HIGH WINDS 82" "HIGH WINDS 80"
## [165] "HIGH WINDS 58" "FREEZING DRIZZLE"
## [167] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "DRY MICROBURST 58"
## [169] "HAIL 75" "HIGH WINDS 73"
## [171] "HIGH WINDS 55" "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET"
## [173] "URBAN FLOOD" "DRY MICROBURST 84"
## [175] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60" "HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING"
## [177] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "TORNADOS"
## [179] "GLAZE" "RECORD HEAT"
## [181] "COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAT WAVE"
## [183] "FIRST SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET"
## [185] "UNSEASONABLY DRY" "UNSEASONABLY WET"
## [187] "WINTRY MIX" "WINTER WEATHER"
## [189] "UNSEASONABLY COLD" "EXTREME/RECORD COLD"
## [191] "RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF" "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW"
## [193] "UNSEASONABLY WARM" "DROUGHT"
## [195] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING"
## [197] "DRY" "RAIN/SNOW"
## [199] "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET" "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO"
## [201] "WATERSPOUTS" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [203] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "STORM SURGE"
## [205] "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO" "WATERSPOUT-"
## [207] "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL" "TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO"
## [209] "TROPICAL STORM" "TROPICAL STORM GORDON"
## [211] "TROPICAL STORM JERRY" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [213] "WAYTERSPOUT" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [215] "LIGHTNING INJURY" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [217] "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53"
## [219] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM"
## [221] "WILDFIRE" "DAMAGING FREEZE"
## [223] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13" "SMALL HAIL"
## [225] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "HURRICANE"
## [227] "WILD/FOREST FIRE" "SMALL STREAM FLOODING"
## [229] "MUD SLIDE" "LIGNTNING"
## [231] "FROST" "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW"
## [233] "HIGH WINDS/" "THUNDERSNOW"
## [235] "FLOODS" "EXTREME WIND CHILLS"
## [237] "COOL AND WET" "HEAVY RAIN/SNOW"
## [239] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN" "SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD"
## [241] "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "SEVERE COLD"
## [243] "GLAZE ICE" "COLD WAVE"
## [245] "EARLY SNOW" "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD"
## [247] "HIGH WINDS" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [249] "SMALL STREAM AND" "MUD SLIDES"
## [251] "HAIL 80" "EXTREME WIND CHILL"
## [253] "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS" "EXCESSIVE WETNESS"
## [255] "GRADIENT WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [257] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD"
## [259] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA" "ROTATING WALL CLOUD"
## [261] "LARGE WALL CLOUD" "COLD AIR FUNNEL"
## [263] "GUSTNADO" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [265] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [267] "GROUND BLIZZARD" "MAJOR FLOOD"
## [269] "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET"
## [271] "ICE JAM FLOODING" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [273] "STREET FLOOD" "COLD AIR TORNADO"
## [275] "SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "FOG"
## [277] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2" "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [279] "ICE/SNOW" "TSTM WIND 51"
## [281] "TSTM WIND 50" "TSTM WIND 52"
## [283] "TSTM WIND 55" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD"
## [285] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61" "HAIL 0.75"
## [287] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE" "THUNDERTORM WINDS"
## [289] "HAIL 1.00" "HAIL/WINDS"
## [291] "SNOW AND ICE" "WIND STORM"
## [293] "SNOWSTORM" "GRASS FIRES"
## [295] "LAKE FLOOD" "PROLONG COLD"
## [297] "HAIL/WIND" "HAIL 1.75"
## [299] "THUNDERSTORMW 50" "WIND/HAIL"
## [301] "SNOW AND ICE STORM" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN"
## [303] "THUNDERSTORMS WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [305] "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET" "AGRICULTURAL FREEZE"
## [307] "DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "TUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [309] "TROPICAL STORM DEAN" "THUNDERTSORM WIND"
## [311] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING"
## [313] "HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER" "THUNDESTORM WINDS"
## [315] "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO" "LIGHTNING."
## [317] "WARM DRY CONDITIONS" "HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS"
## [319] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM" "RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD"
## [321] "HIGH WIND 63" "COASTAL SURGE"
## [323] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "MINOR FLOOD"
## [325] "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD" "RAIN"
## [327] "RIVER FLOODING" "SNOW/RAIN"
## [329] "ICE FLOES" "HIGH WAVES"
## [331] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [333] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50" "LIGHTNING FIRE"
## [335] "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN" "HEAVY LAKE SNOW"
## [337] "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN" "LAKE EFFECT SNOW"
## [339] "HEAVY WET SNOW" "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT"
## [341] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTROM WINDS"
## [343] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN" "HAIL 225"
## [345] "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE"
## [347] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW"
## [349] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [351] "LOW WIND CHILL" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [353] "WATERSPOUT/" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM"
## [355] "TORNADO F3" "FUNNEL CLOUD."
## [357] "TORNDAO" "HAIL 0.88"
## [359] "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD" "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING"
## [361] "TORNADO F1" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G"
## [363] "DEEP HAIL" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [365] "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM" "AVALANCE"
## [367] "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [369] "ICE JAM" "FOREST FIRES"
## [371] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60" "FROST\\FREEZE"
## [373] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS." "HAIL 88"
## [375] "HAIL 175" "HVY RAIN"
## [377] "HAIL 100" "HAIL 150"
## [379] "HAIL 075" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55"
## [381] "HAIL 125" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [383] "HARD FREEZE" "HAIL 200"
## [385] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62"
## [387] "WILDFIRES" "RECORD HEAT WAVE"
## [389] "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD"
## [391] "HAIL FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD"
## [393] "HIGH WIND 70" "WET SNOW"
## [395] "HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD" "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD"
## [397] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53" "FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING"
## [399] "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT" "RAIN AND WIND"
## [401] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52"
## [403] "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [405] "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF"
## [407] "FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD" "EXCESSIVE RAIN"
## [409] "RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT" "HEAT WAVES"
## [411] "LIGHT SNOW" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69"
## [413] "HAIL DAMAGE" "LIGHTNING DAMAGE"
## [415] "RECORD TEMPERATURES" "LIGHTNING AND WINDS"
## [417] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "OTHER"
## [419] "RECORD SNOW" "SNOW/COLD"
## [421] "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS" "TSTM WIND G58"
## [423] "MUDSLIDE" "HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS"
## [425] "HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS"
## [427] "ICY ROADS" "HEAVY MIX"
## [429] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "LACK OF SNOW"
## [431] "SNOW/SLEET" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [433] "SNOW DROUGHT" "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS"
## [435] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH"
## [437] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING"
## [439] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES"
## [441] "TORRENTIAL RAIN" "TORNADO F2"
## [443] "RIP CURRENTS" "HURRICANE EMILY"
## [445] "HURRICANE GORDON" "HURRICANE FELIX"
## [447] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH"
## [449] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO"
## [451] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH" "FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN"
## [453] "THUNDERSTORM WIND." "FLASH FLOOD/ STREET"
## [455] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH." "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN"
## [457] "DAM FAILURE" "THUNDERSTORM HAIL"
## [459] "HAIL 088" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL"
## [461] "LIGHTNING WAUSEON" "THUDERSTORM WINDS"
## [463] "ICE AND SNOW" "RECORD COLD/FROST"
## [465] "STORM FORCE WINDS" "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW"
## [467] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND" "SOUTHEAST"
## [469] "HEAVY SNOW & ICE" "FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING"
## [471] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "HAIL/ICY ROADS"
## [473] "FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN" "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;"
## [475] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "TSTM WIND DAMAGE"
## [477] "HIGH WATER" "FLOOD FLASH"
## [479] "RAIN/WIND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50"
## [481] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH"
## [483] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52" "SNOW SHOWERS"
## [485] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51" "HEAT WAVE DROUGHT"
## [487] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE" "RECORD SNOW/COLD"
## [489] "WET WEATHER" "UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY"
## [491] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [493] "TIDAL FLOOD" "BEACH EROSIN"
## [495] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61" "FLOOD/FLASH"
## [497] "LOW TEMPERATURE" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [499] "HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING" "THUNDERESTORM WINDS"
## [501] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING" "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS"
## [503] "HIGHWAY FLOODING" "THUNDERSTORM W INDS"
## [505] "HYPOTHERMIA" "FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD"
## [507] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [509] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [511] "HIGH WINDS/COLD" "BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD"
## [513] "COLD/WINDS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [515] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56" "SNOW SLEET"
## [517] "DRY HOT WEATHER" "COLD WEATHER"
## [519] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "HAIL ALOFT"
## [521] "EARLY FREEZE" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [523] "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [525] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "EARLY FROST"
## [527] "SNOWMELT FLOODING" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [529] "SNOW ACCUMULATION" "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL"
## [531] "SNOW/ ICE" "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [533] "TORNADOES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [535] "FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD" "HAIL 275"
## [537] "HAIL 450" "FLASH FLOOODING"
## [539] "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "THUNDERSTORMW"
## [541] "HAILSTORM" "TSTM WINDS"
## [543] "BEACH FLOOD" "HAILSTORMS"
## [545] "TSTMW" "FUNNELS"
## [547] "TSTM WIND 65)" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD"
## [549] "HEAVY RAINFALL" "HEAT/DROUGHT"
## [551] "HEAT DROUGHT" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [553] "LANDSLIDE" "HIGH WIND AND SEAS"
## [555] "THUNDERSTORMWINDS" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [557] "SLEET/SNOW" "EXCESSIVE"
## [559] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "WILD/FOREST FIRES"
## [561] "HEAVY SEAS" "DUSTSTORM"
## [563] "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN" "?"
## [565] "THUNDERSTROM WIND" "FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD"
## [567] "SNOW AND COLD" "HOT PATTERN"
## [569] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [571] "SNOW\\COLD" "WINTER MIX"
## [573] "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION" "SNOWFALL RECORD"
## [575] "HOT/DRY PATTERN" "DRY PATTERN"
## [577] "MILD/DRY PATTERN" "MILD PATTERN"
## [579] "LANDSLIDES" "HEAVY SHOWERS"
## [581] "HEAVY SNOW AND" "HIGH WIND 48"
## [583] "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW" "BRUSH FIRE"
## [585] "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD" "URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [587] "SAHARAN DUST" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [589] "URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE" "HEAVY SWELLS"
## [591] "URBAN SMALL" "URBAN FLOODS"
## [593] "SMALL STREAM" "HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD"
## [595] "FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE" "LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD"
## [597] "HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN" "FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES"
## [599] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "URBAN/SML STREAM FLD"
## [601] "TSTM WIND/HAIL" "Other"
## [603] "Record dry month" "Temperature record"
## [605] "Minor Flooding" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [607] "High Wind" "Tstm Wind"
## [609] "ROUGH SURF" "Wind"
## [611] "Heavy Surf" "Dust Devil"
## [613] "Wind Damage" "Marine Accident"
## [615] "Snow" "Freeze"
## [617] "Snow Squalls" "Coastal Flooding"
## [619] "Heavy Rain" "Strong Wind"
## [621] "COASTAL STORM" "COASTALFLOOD"
## [623] "Erosion/Cstl Flood" "Heavy Rain and Wind"
## [625] "Light Snow/Flurries" "Wet Month"
## [627] "Wet Year" "Tidal Flooding"
## [629] "River Flooding" "Damaging Freeze"
## [631] "Beach Erosion" "Hot and Dry"
## [633] "Flood/Flash Flood" "Icy Roads"
## [635] "High Surf" "Heavy Rain/High Surf"
## [637] "Thunderstorm Wind" "Rain Damage"
## [639] "Unseasonable Cold" "Early Frost"
## [641] "Wintry Mix" "blowing snow"
## [643] "STREET FLOODING" "Record Cold"
## [645] "Extreme Cold" "Ice Fog"
## [647] "Excessive Cold" "Torrential Rainfall"
## [649] "Freezing Rain" "Landslump"
## [651] "Late-season Snowfall" "Hurricane Edouard"
## [653] "Coastal Storm" "Flood"
## [655] "HEAVY RAIN/WIND" "TIDAL FLOODING"
## [657] "Winter Weather" "Snow squalls"
## [659] "Strong Winds" "Strong winds"
## [661] "RECORD WARM TEMPS." "Ice/Snow"
## [663] "Mudslide" "Glaze"
## [665] "Extended Cold" "Snow Accumulation"
## [667] "Freezing Fog" "Drifting Snow"
## [669] "Whirlwind" "Heavy snow shower"
## [671] "Heavy rain" "LATE SNOW"
## [673] "Record May Snow" "Record Winter Snow"
## [675] "Heavy Precipitation" "Record temperature"
## [677] "Light snow" "Late Season Snowfall"
## [679] "Gusty Wind" "small hail"
## [681] "Light Snow" "MIXED PRECIP"
## [683] "Black Ice" "Mudslides"
## [685] "Gradient wind" "Snow and Ice"
## [687] "Freezing Spray" "Summary Jan 17"
## [689] "Summary of March 14" "Summary of March 23"
## [691] "Summary of March 24" "Summary of April 3rd"
## [693] "Summary of April 12" "Summary of April 13"
## [695] "Summary of April 21" "Summary August 11"
## [697] "Summary of April 27" "Summary of May 9-10"
## [699] "Summary of May 10" "Summary of May 13"
## [701] "Summary of May 14" "Summary of May 22 am"
## [703] "Summary of May 22 pm" "Heatburst"
## [705] "Summary of May 26 am" "Summary of May 26 pm"
## [707] "Metro Storm, May 26" "Summary of May 31 am"
## [709] "Summary of May 31 pm" "Summary of June 3"
## [711] "Summary of June 4" "Summary June 5-6"
## [713] "Summary June 6" "Summary of June 11"
## [715] "Summary of June 12" "Summary of June 13"
## [717] "Summary of June 15" "Summary of June 16"
## [719] "Summary June 18-19" "Summary of June 23"
## [721] "Summary of June 24" "Summary of June 30"
## [723] "Summary of July 2" "Summary of July 3"
## [725] "Summary of July 11" "Summary of July 22"
## [727] "Summary July 23-24" "Summary of July 26"
## [729] "Summary of July 29" "Summary of August 1"
## [731] "Summary August 2-3" "Summary August 7"
## [733] "Summary August 9" "Summary August 10"
## [735] "Summary August 17" "Summary August 21"
## [737] "Summary August 28" "Summary September 4"
## [739] "Summary September 20" "Summary September 23"
## [741] "Summary Sept. 25-26" "Summary: Oct. 20-21"
## [743] "Summary: October 31" "Summary: Nov. 6-7"
## [745] "Summary: Nov. 16" "Microburst"
## [747] "wet micoburst" "Hail(0.75)"
## [749] "Funnel Cloud" "Urban Flooding"
## [751] "No Severe Weather" "Urban flood"
## [753] "Urban Flood" "Cold"
## [755] "Summary of May 22" "Summary of June 6"
## [757] "Summary August 4" "Summary of June 10"
## [759] "Summary of June 18" "Summary September 3"
## [761] "Summary: Sept. 18" "Coastal Flood"
## [763] "coastal flooding" "Small Hail"
## [765] "Record Temperatures" "Light Snowfall"
## [767] "Freezing Drizzle" "Gusty wind/rain"
## [769] "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN" "Blowing Snow"
## [771] "Early snowfall" "Monthly Snowfall"
## [773] "Record Heat" "Seasonal Snowfall"
## [775] "Monthly Rainfall" "Cold Temperature"
## [777] "Sml Stream Fld" "Heat Wave"
## [779] "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE" "Saharan Dust"
## [781] "Volcanic Ash" "Volcanic Ash Plume"
## [783] "Thundersnow shower" "NONE"
## [785] "COLD AND SNOW" "DAM BREAK"
## [787] "TSTM WIND (G45)" "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [789] "BLACK ICE" "BLOW-OUT TIDES"
## [791] "UNSEASONABLY COOL" "TSTM HEAVY RAIN"
## [793] "Gusty Winds" "GUSTY WIND"
## [795] "TSTM WIND 40" "TSTM WIND 45"
## [797] "TSTM WIND (41)" "TSTM WIND (G40)"
## [799] "TSTM WND" "Wintry mix"
## [801] "Frost" "Frost/Freeze"
## [803] "RAIN (HEAVY)" "Record Warmth"
## [805] "Prolong Cold" "Cold and Frost"
## [807] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG" "STRONG WIND GUST"
## [809] "LATE FREEZE" "BLOW-OUT TIDE"
## [811] "Hypothermia/Exposure" "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [813] "Lake Effect Snow" "Mixed Precipitation"
## [815] "Record High" "COASTALSTORM"
## [817] "Snow and sleet" "Freezing rain"
## [819] "Gusty winds" "Blizzard Summary"
## [821] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25" "SUMMARY OF MARCH 27"
## [823] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 29" "GRADIENT WIND"
## [825] "Icestorm/Blizzard" "Flood/Strong Wind"
## [827] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "gradient wind"
## [829] "Freezing drizzle" "Mountain Snows"
## [831] "URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG" "Heavy surf and wind"
## [833] "Mild and Dry Pattern" "COLD AND FROST"
## [835] "TYPHOON" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [837] "HIGH SWELLS" "VOLCANIC ASH"
## [839] "DRY SPELL" "BEACH EROSION"
## [841] "UNSEASONAL RAIN" "EARLY RAIN"
## [843] "PROLONGED RAIN" "WINTERY MIX"
## [845] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "HOT SPELL"
## [847] "UNSEASONABLY HOT" "TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [849] "HIGH WIND (G40)" "TSTM WIND (G35)"
## [851] "DRY WEATHER" "ABNORMAL WARMTH"
## [853] "UNUSUAL WARMTH" "WAKE LOW WIND"
## [855] "MONTHLY RAINFALL" "COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [857] "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES" "MODERATE SNOW"
## [859] "MODERATE SNOWFALL" "URBAN/STREET FLOODING"
## [861] "COASTAL EROSION" "UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH"
## [863] "BITTER WIND CHILL" "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [865] "SEICHE" "TSTM"
## [867] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR"
## [869] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "ROCK SLIDE"
## [871] "ICE PELLETS" "PATCHY DENSE FOG"
## [873] "RECORD COOL" "RECORD WARM"
## [875] "HOT WEATHER" "RECORD TEMPERATURE"
## [877] "TROPICAL DEPRESSION" "VOLCANIC ERUPTION"
## [879] "COOL SPELL" "WIND ADVISORY"
## [881] "GUSTY WIND/HAIL" "RED FLAG FIRE WX"
## [883] "FIRST FROST" "EXCESSIVELY DRY"
## [885] "SNOW AND SLEET" "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP"
## [887] "VOG" "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION"
## [889] "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE" "RECORD DRYNESS"
## [891] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "MIXED PRECIPITATION"
## [893] "DRY CONDITIONS" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [895] "EARLY SNOWFALL" "FREEZING FOG"
## [897] "LANDSPOUT" "DRIEST MONTH"
## [899] "RECORD COLD" "LATE SEASON HAIL"
## [901] "EXCESSIVE SNOW" "DRYNESS"
## [903] "FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [905] "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN" "MONTHLY SNOWFALL"
## [907] "RECORD PRECIPITATION" "ICE ROADS"
## [909] "ROUGH SEAS" "UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET"
## [911] "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET" "UNUSUALLY WARM"
## [913] "TSTM WIND G45" "NON SEVERE HAIL"
## [915] "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE" "UNUSUALLY COLD"
## [917] "WARM WEATHER" "LANDSLUMP"
## [919] "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)" "UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET"
## [921] "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN" "WIND GUSTS"
## [923] "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP" "HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [925] "LATE SEASON SNOW" "GUSTY LAKE WIND"
## [927] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "WINTER WEATHER MIX"
## [929] "RED FLAG CRITERIA" "WND"
## [931] "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION" "SMOKE"
## [933] "SNOW ADVISORY" "EXTREMELY WET"
## [935] "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW" "VERY DRY"
## [937] "RECORD LOW RAINFALL" "ROGUE WAVE"
## [939] "PROLONG WARMTH" "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL"
## [941] "FALLING SNOW/ICE" "DUST DEVEL"
## [943] "NON-TSTM WIND" "NON TSTM WIND"
## [945] "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "PATCHY ICE"
## [947] "HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS" "EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT"
## [949] "NORTHERN LIGHTS" "MARINE TSTM WIND"
## [951] "HAZARDOUS SURF" "FROST/FREEZE"
## [953] "WINTER WEATHER/MIX" "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE"
## [955] "WHIRLWIND" "VERY WARM"
## [957] "ABNORMALLY WET" "TORNADO DEBRIS"
## [959] "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL" "ICE ON ROAD"
## [961] "DROWNING" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [963] "MARINE HAIL" "HIGH SURF ADVISORIES"
## [965] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON" "HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF"
## [967] "SLEET STORM" "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
## [969] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [971] "TSUNAMI" "DENSE SMOKE"
## [973] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [975] "MARINE STRONG WIND" "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE"
## [977] "VOLCANIC ASHFALL"I use grep to filter out the summary event data from EVTYPE.
# Filter out the summary event type from the unique event type vector, leave out the right event type that each one of them represent one type event
EVTYPE_included <- unique_event_name[-grep(".*(Summary|SUMMARY|summary).*", unique_event_name)]Results
Public Health Part
To analyzing how much impact the disaster have on public health, I extract two variables FATALUTIES and INJURIES from the dataset, and summrize the these two variables by calculating the total fatalities numbers and injury numbers for each event. And reorder the dataset by fatalities_sum and injuries_sum.
# Create the first analysis dataset for most harmful event type to public health
storm_test <- storm_prep[EVTYPE %chin% EVTYPE_included, .(EVTYPE, FATALITIES, INJURIES)]
# Summarise the fatalities data and injuries data by event data type
storm_health <- storm_test[, by = EVTYPE, .(fatalities_sum = sum(FATALITIES), injuries_sum = sum(INJURIES))]
# Order the summarized data by fatalities data , and injuries data
storm_health <- storm_health[order(-fatalities_sum, -injuries_sum)]
str(storm_health)## Classes 'data.table' and 'data.frame': 910 obs. of 3 variables:
## $ EVTYPE : chr "TORNADO" "EXCESSIVE HEAT" "FLASH FLOOD" "HEAT" ...
## $ fatalities_sum: num 5633 1903 978 937 816 ...
## $ injuries_sum : num 91346 6525 1777 2100 5230 ...
## - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>Exploratory Data Analysis in Fatality and Injuries
I use stacked barplot to display the top 10 events that have most severe impact on public health, based on the fatalities number and injuries number.
The top 10 most harmful events for the public health is TORNADO, EXCESSIVE HEAT, FLASH FLOOD, HEAT, LIGHTNING, TSTM WIND, FLOOD, RIP CURRENT, HIGH WIND, AVALANCHE. And tornado is the worst to the public health, which caused highest fatalities number and injuries number. From the barplot, we could easily tell non-fatal injuries occurred much more often than the fatal ones.
par(mar = c(11, 7, 4.5, 1))
with(storm_health[1:10], barplot(cbind(fatalities_sum, injuries_sum) ~ EVTYPE, col = c("tomato1", "palegreen"), legend = c("Fatality", "Injury"), las = 2, xlab = ""))
title("Top 10 Disaster Events (Public Health Impact) based on fatality and injury")
title(ylab = "The Number of People", line = 5)
Economic Consequences Part
The economic consequences part is a little bit more tricky than the public health part. Based on the meta data info, I not only need to deal with the PROPDMG and CROPDMG, but also need to take consideration about PROPDMGEXP and CROPDMGEXP. Because the info from PROPDMGEXP and CROPDMGEXP probably could directly change the what the numeric info means in PROPDMG and CROPDMG.
So the first step for economic consequences is checking the two expression variables PROPDMGEXP and CROPDMGEXP.
# Get the unique propertity expression and unique crop expression
prop_exp <- storm_prep[, unique(PROPDMGEXP)]
crop_exp <- storm_prep[, unique(CROPDMGEXP)]
total_exp <- union(prop_exp, crop_exp)
total_exp## [1] "K" "M" NA "B" "m" "+" "0" "5" "6" "?" "4" "2" "3" "h" "7" "H" "-"
## [18] "1" "8" "k"Among the combination of unique expressions from the two expression variables, I could only make sure what “M”, “B”, “K” mean. Including other observations that has unclear expression meaning could create potential issues to the final analysis results. So I decided to filter out all of the observations except the observations that both have definite meanings in both PROPDMGEXP and CROPDMGEXP.
# filter out the expressions that can not make sure through meta data
total_exp <- total_exp[intersect(grep(total_exp, pattern = "[A-z]"), grep(total_exp, pattern = "[^Hh]"))]
# extract the observations that have definite expression meanings, and also extract the variables needed for analysis
storm_eco <- storm_prep[PROPDMGEXP %chin% total_exp & CROPDMGEXP %chin% total_exp, .(EVTYPE, PROPDMG, PROPDMGEXP, CROPDMG, CROPDMGEXP)]
dim(storm_eco)## [1] 279537 5After getting the tidy dataframe, I need to do some remap and transformation to the original data, because all data in PROPDMG and CROPDMG should have same unit when doing summarize calculation.
# Create new lowercase intermediate variables for transformation
storm_eco[, c("prop_dmg_exp", "crop_dmg_exp") := lapply(.SD, tolower), .SDcols = c("PROPDMGEXP", "CROPDMGEXP")]
# Create the list contains the old and and new elements needed to be remapped
remap_lst <- list(val_ori = c("m", "b", "k"), value_new = c("1000", "1000000", "1"))
# Remap the two new expression variables
for (i in 1:3) {
storm_eco[prop_dmg_exp == remap_lst$val_ori[i], prop_dmg_exp := remap_lst$value_new[i]]
storm_eco[crop_dmg_exp == remap_lst$val_ori[i], crop_dmg_exp := remap_lst$value_new[i]]
}
# Variables type conversion
storm_eco[, c("prop_dmg_exp", "crop_dmg_exp") := lapply(.SD, as.numeric), .SDcols = c("prop_dmg_exp", "crop_dmg_exp")]
# Transform all PROPDMG and CROPDMG into two new variables that same unit
storm_eco[, c("prop_dmg_tidy", "crop_dmg_tidy") := .(PROPDMG * prop_dmg_exp, CROPDMG * crop_dmg_exp)]
# Remove the intermediate variables to keep consistency
storm_eco[, c("prop_dmg_exp", "crop_dmg_exp") := NULL]
# Summarize by EVTYPE, and reordered by property damage and crop damage
storm_eco <-
storm_eco[, by = EVTYPE, .(prop_dmg_sum = sum(prop_dmg_tidy),
crop_dmg_sum = sum(crop_dmg_tidy))][order(-prop_dmg_sum,-crop_dmg_sum)]
head(storm_eco)## EVTYPE prop_dmg_sum crop_dmg_sum
## 1: FLOOD 132836489 5170955.5
## 2: HURRICANE/TYPHOON 26740295 2607872.8
## 3: TORNADO 16166772 353376.5
## 4: HURRICANE 9716358 2688910.0
## 5: HAIL 7991784 2028807.9
## 6: FLASH FLOOD 7327856 1387439.1Exploratory Data Analysis in Property Damage and Crop Damage
In the economic consequences part analysis, stack barplot is also a good choice for displaying which type of event casues most severe economic loss. I pick up top 10 events which are FLOOD, HURRICANE/TYPHOON, TORNADO, HURRICANE, HAIL, FLASH FLOOD, RIVER FLOOD, STORM SURGE/TIDE, WILDFIRE, THUNDERSTORM WIND. These 10 events caused most severe economic consequences considering property damage first and then crop damage.
In the exploratory data analysis, a interesting point worth noticing is that flood is the event that caused the most severe economic consequences, however, it is not the most harmful event for the public health.
par(mar = c(11, 7, 4.5, 1))
with(storm_eco[1:10], barplot(cbind(prop_dmg_sum, crop_dmg_sum) ~ EVTYPE, col = c("powderblue", "wheat"), las = 2, xlab = "", legend = c("Property", "Crop")))
title("Top 10 Disaster Events (Economic Impact) based on property damage and crop damage")
title(ylab = "Economic Loss ($)", line = 5)