library(readxl)
library(tidyverse)
library(lavaan)
library(semTools)
d <- read_excel("R_Dataset_v2.xlsx")Apparently, no missingness
d %>% select(tam_perceived_usefulness_1:full_cost_emotional_cost_59) %>% complete.cases()## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [16] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [31] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [46] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [61] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [76] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [91] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [106] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [121] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [136] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [151] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [166] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [181] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [196] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [211] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [226] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [241] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUEd %>% select(tam_perceived_usefulness_1:full_cost_emotional_cost_59) %>% complete.cases() %>% table()## .
## TRUE
## 249# age
d %>%
skimr::skim(Q3)| Name | Piped data |
| Number of rows | 249 |
| Number of columns | 76 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| numeric | 1 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q3 | 0 | 1 | 24.64 | 7.13 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 26 | 58 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
# gender
d %>%
janitor::tabyl(Q29)## Q29 n percent valid_percent
## 0 1 0.004016064 0.005434783
## Female 157 0.630522088 0.853260870
## Male 26 0.104417671 0.141304348
## <NA> 65 0.261044177 NA# ethnic background
d %>%
janitor::tabyl(Q31) %>% arrange(desc(n)) %>% data.table::data.table()## Q31 n
## 1: White, Caucasian, European, Not Hispanic 147
## 2: Hispanic or Latino 34
## 3: Asian or Asian American 31
## 4: Black or African American 22
## 5: Hispanic or Latino,White, Caucasian, European, Not Hispanic 5
## 6: Other: 3
## 7: Black or African American,White, Caucasian, European, Not Hispanic 2
## 8: Asian or Asian American,Other: 1
## 9: Asian or Asian American,White, Caucasian, European, Not Hispanic 1
## 10: Black or African American,Hispanic or Latino 1
## 11: Black or African American,Other: 1
## 12: Hispanic or Latino,Other: 1
## percent
## 1: 0.590361446
## 2: 0.136546185
## 3: 0.124497992
## 4: 0.088353414
## 5: 0.020080321
## 6: 0.012048193
## 7: 0.008032129
## 8: 0.004016064
## 9: 0.004016064
## 10: 0.004016064
## 11: 0.004016064
## 12: 0.004016064# english first language
d %>%
janitor::tabyl(Q26)## Q26 n percent
## 0 1 0.004016064
## No 37 0.148594378
## Yes 211 0.847389558# computer access at home, years of usage, hours of use not examinedd %>% select(tam_perceived_usefulness_1:full_cost_emotional_cost_59) %>% psych::describe()## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad
## tam_perceived_usefulness_1 1 249 4.35 0.70 4 4.43 1.48
## tam_subjective_norm_2 2 249 3.95 0.78 4 3.98 1.48
## tam_perceived_ease_use_3 3 249 4.15 0.72 4 4.23 0.00
## tam_subjective_norm_4 4 249 3.88 0.80 4 3.89 1.48
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 5 249 4.03 0.77 4 4.10 0.00
## tam_computer_attitudes_6 6 249 4.06 0.86 4 4.14 1.48
## tam_computer_attitudes_7* 7 249 4.06 0.85 4 4.14 1.48
## tam_computer_attitudes_8* 8 249 4.14 0.84 4 4.25 1.48
## tam_perceived_usefulness_9* 9 249 4.16 0.74 4 4.22 1.48
## tam_perceived_ease_use_10 10 249 3.80 0.90 4 3.89 0.00
## tam_perceived_usefulness_11* 11 249 3.96 0.84 4 4.02 1.48
## tam_perceived_ease_use_12* 12 249 3.14 0.98 3 3.15 1.48
## tam_facilitating_condition_13* 13 249 3.59 0.88 4 3.63 1.48
## tam_computer_attitudes_14* 14 249 3.61 0.95 4 3.67 1.48
## tam_perceived_usefulness_15* 15 249 4.26 0.65 4 4.32 0.00
## tam_perceived_ease_use_16* 16 249 3.91 0.81 4 3.99 0.00
## tam_computer_attitudes_17* 17 249 3.23 1.05 3 3.19 1.48
## intention_use__18 18 249 4.67 0.79 5 4.66 1.48
## intention_use__19 19 249 4.58 0.72 5 4.57 1.48
## expectancy_success__20 20 249 3.84 0.70 4 3.83 0.00
## expectancy_success__21 21 249 3.83 0.87 4 3.91 0.00
## expectancy_success__22 22 249 3.90 0.74 4 3.92 0.00
## expectancy_success__23 23 249 4.00 0.90 4 4.10 1.48
## expectancy_success__24 24 249 3.39 0.97 3 3.44 1.48
## expectancy_success__25* 25 249 3.48 1.01 4 3.54 1.48
## task_value__26 26 249 3.57 0.96 4 3.63 1.48
## task_value_attainment_value_27 27 249 3.61 0.97 4 3.67 1.48
## task_value_utility_value_28 28 249 4.21 0.84 4 4.31 1.48
## task_value_interest_value_29 29 249 3.57 1.06 4 3.63 1.48
## task_value_utility_value_30 30 249 4.31 0.73 4 4.39 1.48
## task_value_attainment_value_31 31 249 3.15 1.17 3 3.19 1.48
## task_value_interest_value_32* 32 249 4.00 0.84 4 4.07 1.48
## task_value_attainment_value_33* 33 249 3.74 0.95 4 3.82 1.48
## task_value_utility_value_34 34 249 4.24 0.72 4 4.31 1.48
## task_value_utility_value_35 35 249 4.38 0.68 4 4.48 1.48
## task_value_attainment_value_36 36 249 3.14 1.16 3 3.17 1.48
## task_value_interest_value_37* 37 249 3.96 0.88 4 4.04 1.48
## task_value_attainment_value_38* 38 249 3.63 1.03 4 3.70 1.48
## task_value_utility_value_39 39 249 4.31 0.70 4 4.40 1.48
## task_value_interest_value_40 40 249 3.64 0.98 4 3.69 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_41 41 249 3.59 1.90 3 3.49 1.48
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_42 42 249 3.05 1.70 2 2.90 1.48
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_43 43 249 3.46 1.68 3 3.40 1.48
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_44* 44 249 3.36 1.63 3 3.32 1.48
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_45 45 249 3.12 1.80 2 2.95 1.48
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_46* 46 249 2.97 1.73 2 2.79 1.48
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_47 47 249 3.12 1.73 3 2.97 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_48 48 249 2.99 1.67 2 2.83 1.48
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_49* 49 249 3.05 1.65 3 2.92 1.48
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_50 50 249 3.05 1.65 2 2.93 1.48
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_51 51 249 3.26 1.72 3 3.14 1.48
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_52 52 249 3.04 1.66 2 2.91 1.48
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_53 53 249 3.08 1.71 2 2.93 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_54 54 249 3.00 1.73 2 2.82 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_55* 55 249 2.79 1.78 2 2.58 1.48
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_56 56 249 2.81 1.65 2 2.65 1.48
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_57* 57 249 2.90 1.64 2 2.75 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_58 58 249 2.78 1.69 2 2.59 1.48
## full_cost_emotional_cost_59 59 249 3.01 1.87 2 2.77 1.48
## min max range skew kurtosis se
## tam_perceived_usefulness_1 1 5 4 -1.29 3.47 0.04
## tam_subjective_norm_2 1 5 4 -0.37 -0.05 0.05
## tam_perceived_ease_use_3 1 5 4 -1.06 2.58 0.05
## tam_subjective_norm_4 1 5 4 -0.25 -0.28 0.05
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 1 5 4 -0.95 1.67 0.05
## tam_computer_attitudes_6 1 5 4 -0.70 0.05 0.05
## tam_computer_attitudes_7* 1 5 4 -0.82 0.63 0.05
## tam_computer_attitudes_8* 1 5 4 -0.93 0.71 0.05
## tam_perceived_usefulness_9* 1 5 4 -0.62 0.43 0.05
## tam_perceived_ease_use_10 1 5 4 -0.73 0.29 0.06
## tam_perceived_usefulness_11* 1 5 4 -0.54 -0.04 0.05
## tam_perceived_ease_use_12* 1 5 4 -0.15 -0.88 0.06
## tam_facilitating_condition_13* 1 5 4 -0.55 0.15 0.06
## tam_computer_attitudes_14* 1 5 4 -0.52 0.10 0.06
## tam_perceived_usefulness_15* 1 5 4 -0.93 2.57 0.04
## tam_perceived_ease_use_16* 1 5 4 -1.08 1.98 0.05
## tam_computer_attitudes_17* 1 5 4 0.09 -0.89 0.07
## intention_use__18 2 6 4 -0.12 -0.20 0.05
## intention_use__19 2 6 4 -0.16 0.13 0.05
## expectancy_success__20 1 5 4 -0.39 0.62 0.04
## expectancy_success__21 1 5 4 -0.99 1.37 0.06
## expectancy_success__22 1 5 4 -0.63 1.20 0.05
## expectancy_success__23 1 5 4 -0.90 0.65 0.06
## expectancy_success__24 1 5 4 -0.63 0.32 0.06
## expectancy_success__25* 1 5 4 -0.49 0.06 0.06
## task_value__26 1 5 4 -0.36 0.03 0.06
## task_value_attainment_value_27 1 5 4 -0.42 -0.18 0.06
## task_value_utility_value_28 2 5 3 -0.82 -0.06 0.05
## task_value_interest_value_29 1 5 4 -0.35 -0.63 0.07
## task_value_utility_value_30 2 5 3 -0.72 -0.13 0.05
## task_value_attainment_value_31 1 5 4 -0.16 -0.77 0.07
## task_value_interest_value_32* 1 5 4 -0.59 0.01 0.05
## task_value_attainment_value_33* 1 5 4 -0.54 -0.01 0.06
## task_value_utility_value_34 2 5 3 -0.53 -0.47 0.05
## task_value_utility_value_35 2 5 3 -0.79 0.08 0.04
## task_value_attainment_value_36 1 5 4 -0.11 -0.74 0.07
## task_value_interest_value_37* 1 5 4 -0.59 -0.15 0.06
## task_value_attainment_value_38* 1 5 4 -0.57 -0.20 0.06
## task_value_utility_value_39 2 5 3 -0.72 0.10 0.04
## task_value_interest_value_40 1 5 4 -0.26 -0.74 0.06
## full_cost_emotional_cost_41 1 9 8 0.55 -0.41 0.12
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_42 1 9 8 0.92 0.52 0.11
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_43 1 9 8 0.34 -0.84 0.11
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_44* 1 7 6 0.20 -1.12 0.10
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_45 1 9 8 0.84 0.27 0.11
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_46* 1 9 8 1.02 0.85 0.11
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_47 1 9 8 0.87 0.56 0.11
## full_cost_emotional_cost_48 1 9 8 0.82 0.15 0.11
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_49* 1 9 8 0.90 0.69 0.10
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_50 1 9 8 0.76 0.05 0.10
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_51 1 9 8 0.71 -0.03 0.11
## full_cost_outside_effort_cost_52 1 9 8 0.88 0.52 0.11
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_53 1 9 8 0.76 -0.05 0.11
## full_cost_emotional_cost_54 1 9 8 0.93 0.40 0.11
## full_cost_emotional_cost_55* 1 9 8 1.12 0.83 0.11
## full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_56 1 9 8 0.93 0.36 0.10
## full_cost_task_effort_cost_57* 1 9 8 0.78 -0.21 0.10
## full_cost_emotional_cost_58 1 9 8 1.12 0.98 0.11
## full_cost_emotional_cost_59 1 9 8 1.07 0.67 0.12fitmod <- '
# factors
subjective_norms =~
tam_subjective_norm_2 +
tam_subjective_norm_4
facilitating_conditions =~
tam_facilitating_condition_5 +
tam_facilitating_condition_13
'
m1 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m1, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 57 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 39
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 5.242
## Degrees of freedom 3
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.155
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 1.930
## John 1.026
## Josh 2.287
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 306.931
## Degrees of freedom 18
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.992
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.953
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -1036.901
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 2151.802
## Bayesian (BIC) 2288.983
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 2165.351
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.095
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.000
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.227
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.227
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.019
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.671
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.839 0.193 4.346 0.000 0.563
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.687
## tm_fclttng__13 0.729 0.195 3.732 0.000 0.501
## Std.all
##
## 0.898
## 0.701
##
## 0.992
## 0.638
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.310 0.082 3.780 0.000 0.673 0.673
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 4.130 0.102 40.651 0.000 4.130 5.532
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.944 0.109 36.090 0.000 3.944 4.911
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.037 0.094 42.814 0.000 4.037 5.826
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.704 0.107 34.680 0.000 3.704 4.719
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.107 0.085 1.258 0.208 0.107 0.193
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.328 0.086 3.816 0.000 0.328 0.509
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.008 0.100 0.077 0.939 0.008 0.016
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.365 0.088 4.141 0.000 0.365 0.593
## subjectiv_nrms 0.450 0.134 3.359 0.001 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.472 0.136 3.466 0.001 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.709
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.652 0.197 3.310 0.001 0.462
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.891
## tm_fclttng__13 0.532 0.199 2.671 0.008 0.474
## Std.all
##
## 0.944
## 0.601
##
## 1.116
## 0.556
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.223 0.056 3.978 0.000 0.353 0.353
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.885 0.066 58.997 0.000 3.885 5.174
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.908 0.067 57.932 0.000 3.908 5.081
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.008 0.070 57.190 0.000 4.008 5.016
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.457 0.075 46.174 0.000 3.457 4.050
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.061 0.141 0.433 0.665 0.061 0.108
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.378 0.076 4.969 0.000 0.378 0.639
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 -0.156 0.277 -0.563 0.573 -0.156 -0.245
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.504 0.100 5.030 0.000 0.504 0.691
## subjectiv_nrms 0.503 0.157 3.202 0.001 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.795 0.287 2.770 0.006 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.748
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.910 0.199 4.580 0.000 0.681
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.543
## tm_fclttng__13 1.367 0.399 3.423 0.001 0.742
## Std.all
##
## 0.891
## 0.813
##
## 0.704
## 0.788
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.238 0.085 2.811 0.005 0.586 0.586
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.938 0.104 37.847 0.000 3.938 4.694
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.769 0.104 36.306 0.000 3.769 4.503
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.077 0.096 42.645 0.000 4.077 5.289
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.769 0.117 32.299 0.000 3.769 4.006
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.145 0.112 1.298 0.194 0.145 0.206
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.237 0.099 2.390 0.017 0.237 0.339
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.300 0.094 3.191 0.001 0.300 0.504
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.335 0.157 2.139 0.032 0.335 0.379
## subjectiv_nrms 0.559 0.163 3.438 0.001 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.294 0.119 2.475 0.013 1.000 1.000reliability(m1)## $Eric
## subjective_norms facilitating_conditions total
## alpha 0.7715487 0.7717141 0.7892515
## omega 0.7774787 0.7911725 0.8585812
## omega2 0.7774787 0.7911725 0.8585812
## omega3 0.7774786 0.7911726 0.8712338
## avevar 0.6377206 0.6599692 0.6483304
##
## $John
## subjective_norms facilitating_conditions total
## alpha 0.7241593 0.7643046 0.6703237
## omega 0.7577333 0.8428749 0.8474271
## omega2 0.7577333 0.8428749 0.8474271
## omega3 0.7577333 0.8428749 0.8610645
## avevar 0.6202242 0.7456895 0.6882334
##
## $Josh
## subjective_norms facilitating_conditions total
## alpha 0.8403361 0.7046632 0.7730335
## omega 0.8421873 0.7219892 0.8516563
## omega2 0.8421873 0.7219892 0.8516563
## omega3 0.8421872 0.7219892 0.8510187
## avevar 0.7278303 0.5707514 0.6472539# run the code below to confirm that the above gives the same values for alpha
# psych::alpha(data.frame(d$tam_subjective_norm_2, d$tam_subjective_norm_4))
lavInspect(m1)## $Eric
## $Eric$lambda
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## tam_subjective_norm_2 0 0
## tam_subjective_norm_4 1 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 2
##
## $Eric$theta
## tm___2 tm___4 tm___5 t___13
## tam_subjective_norm_2 3
## tam_subjective_norm_4 0 4
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0 5
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 0 0 6
##
## $Eric$psi
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## subjective_norms 7
## facilitating_conditions 9 8
##
## $Eric$nu
## intrcp
## tam_subjective_norm_2 10
## tam_subjective_norm_4 11
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 12
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 13
##
## $Eric$alpha
## intrcp
## subjective_norms 0
## facilitating_conditions 0
##
##
## $John
## $John$lambda
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## tam_subjective_norm_2 0 0
## tam_subjective_norm_4 14 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 15
##
## $John$theta
## tm___2 tm___4 tm___5 t___13
## tam_subjective_norm_2 16
## tam_subjective_norm_4 0 17
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0 18
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 0 0 19
##
## $John$psi
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## subjective_norms 20
## facilitating_conditions 22 21
##
## $John$nu
## intrcp
## tam_subjective_norm_2 23
## tam_subjective_norm_4 24
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 25
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 26
##
## $John$alpha
## intrcp
## subjective_norms 0
## facilitating_conditions 0
##
##
## $Josh
## $Josh$lambda
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## tam_subjective_norm_2 0 0
## tam_subjective_norm_4 27 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 28
##
## $Josh$theta
## tm___2 tm___4 tm___5 t___13
## tam_subjective_norm_2 29
## tam_subjective_norm_4 0 30
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 0 0 31
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 0 0 0 32
##
## $Josh$psi
## sbjct_ fcltt_
## subjective_norms 33
## facilitating_conditions 35 34
##
## $Josh$nu
## intrcp
## tam_subjective_norm_2 36
## tam_subjective_norm_4 37
## tam_facilitating_condition_5 38
## tam_facilitating_condition_13 39
##
## $Josh$alpha
## intrcp
## subjective_norms 0
## facilitating_conditions 0fitmod <- '
# factors
perceived_usefulness =~
tam_perceived_usefulness_1 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_9 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_11 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_15
perceived_ease_use =~
tam_perceived_ease_use_3 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_10 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_12 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_16
'
m2 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m2, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 56 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 75
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 138.200
## Degrees of freedom 57
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 51.153
## John 42.539
## Josh 44.508
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 847.930
## Degrees of freedom 84
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.894
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.843
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -1975.799
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 4101.598
## Bayesian (BIC) 4365.407
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 4127.653
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.131
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.103
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.159
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.071
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.557 0.862
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.216 0.182 6.676 0.000 0.678 0.853
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.910 0.182 4.988 0.000 0.507 0.649
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.646 0.140 4.624 0.000 0.360 0.610
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.446 0.620
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.745 0.351 4.963 0.000 0.778 0.898
## tm_prcvd_s__12 1.250 0.353 3.539 0.000 0.557 0.556
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.703 0.344 4.956 0.000 0.760 0.890
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness ~~
## perceived_es_s 0.097 0.045 2.180 0.029 0.391 0.391
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.370 0.088 49.651 0.000 4.370 6.757
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.185 0.108 38.675 0.000 4.185 5.263
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 4.019 0.106 37.785 0.000 4.019 5.142
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.389 0.080 54.612 0.000 4.389 7.432
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 3.963 0.098 40.496 0.000 3.963 5.511
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.630 0.118 30.763 0.000 3.630 4.186
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.259 0.137 23.869 0.000 3.259 3.248
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.889 0.116 33.484 0.000 3.889 4.557
## percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.108 0.039 2.766 0.006 0.108 0.258
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.173 0.059 2.918 0.004 0.173 0.273
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.354 0.076 4.639 0.000 0.354 0.579
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.219 0.046 4.746 0.000 0.219 0.628
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.318 0.066 4.832 0.000 0.318 0.615
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.146 0.063 2.310 0.021 0.146 0.194
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.696 0.141 4.939 0.000 0.696 0.691
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.152 0.061 2.468 0.014 0.152 0.208
## percevd_sflnss 0.311 0.085 3.676 0.000 1.000 1.000
## perceived_es_s 0.199 0.082 2.424 0.015 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.536 0.731
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.051 0.144 7.291 0.000 0.564 0.746
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.837 0.151 5.542 0.000 0.449 0.546
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.913 0.124 7.353 0.000 0.490 0.756
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.393 0.575
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.747 0.298 5.869 0.000 0.687 0.784
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.651 0.242 2.689 0.007 0.256 0.274
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.614 0.275 5.876 0.000 0.634 0.790
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness ~~
## perceived_es_s 0.127 0.033 3.880 0.000 0.601 0.601
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.315 0.064 67.019 0.000 4.315 5.878
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.169 0.066 62.889 0.000 4.169 5.516
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.930 0.072 54.542 0.000 3.930 4.784
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.171 0.057 73.325 0.000 4.171 6.431
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.254 0.060 71.024 0.000 4.254 6.229
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.900 0.077 50.776 0.000 3.900 4.453
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.109 0.082 37.955 0.000 3.109 3.329
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.891 0.070 55.262 0.000 3.891 4.847
## percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.251 0.042 5.937 0.000 0.251 0.466
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.254 0.044 5.735 0.000 0.254 0.444
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.473 0.065 7.296 0.000 0.473 0.701
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.180 0.032 5.590 0.000 0.180 0.429
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.312 0.044 7.086 0.000 0.312 0.669
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.295 0.064 4.626 0.000 0.295 0.385
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.807 0.102 7.907 0.000 0.807 0.925
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.242 0.054 4.510 0.000 0.242 0.376
## percevd_sflnss 0.288 0.066 4.380 0.000 1.000 1.000
## perceived_es_s 0.154 0.048 3.228 0.001 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.547 0.842
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.925 0.137 6.769 0.000 0.506 0.773
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.933 0.204 4.571 0.000 0.510 0.560
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 1.005 0.142 7.064 0.000 0.549 0.801
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.607 0.791
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.269 0.190 6.685 0.000 0.770 0.815
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.703 0.221 3.188 0.001 0.427 0.413
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.043 0.156 6.702 0.000 0.633 0.817
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## perceived_usefulness ~~
## perceived_es_s 0.249 0.064 3.888 0.000 0.752 0.752
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.385 0.081 54.462 0.000 4.385 6.755
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.127 0.081 50.827 0.000 4.127 6.304
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.969 0.113 35.129 0.000 3.969 4.357
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.338 0.085 51.017 0.000 4.338 6.328
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.108 0.095 43.173 0.000 4.108 5.355
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.754 0.117 32.022 0.000 3.754 3.972
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.092 0.128 24.120 0.000 3.092 2.992
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.985 0.096 41.481 0.000 3.985 5.145
## percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.122 0.034 3.645 0.000 0.122 0.291
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.173 0.039 4.457 0.000 0.173 0.403
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.570 0.107 5.330 0.000 0.570 0.686
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.168 0.040 4.184 0.000 0.168 0.358
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.220 0.052 4.231 0.000 0.220 0.375
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.300 0.076 3.956 0.000 0.300 0.336
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.886 0.160 5.528 0.000 0.886 0.830
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.200 0.051 3.928 0.000 0.200 0.333
## percevd_sflnss 0.299 0.075 3.969 0.000 1.000 1.000
## perceived_es_s 0.368 0.102 3.613 0.000 1.000 1.000reliability(m2)## $Eric
## perceived_usefulness perceived_ease_use total
## alpha 0.8271157 0.8163362 0.7940749
## omega 0.8382307 0.8311731 0.8742653
## omega2 0.8382307 0.8311731 0.8742653
## omega3 0.8349075 0.8335883 0.9161823
## avevar 0.5756035 0.5633303 0.5682507
##
## $John
## perceived_usefulness perceived_ease_use total
## alpha 0.7817272 0.6725067 0.7782766
## omega 0.7820454 0.7008408 0.8204348
## omega2 0.7820454 0.7008408 0.8204348
## omega3 0.7797610 0.6993111 0.8279149
## avevar 0.4747029 0.3977116 0.4319821
##
## $Josh
## perceived_usefulness perceived_ease_use total
## alpha 0.8130650 0.7826879 0.8481417
## omega 0.8119062 0.7869566 0.8729032
## omega2 0.8119062 0.7869566 0.8729032
## omega3 0.8094962 0.7780739 0.8821892
## avevar 0.5193886 0.4899602 0.5018976fitmod <- '
# factors
computer_attitudes =~
tam_computer_attitudes_6 +
tam_computer_attitudes_7 +
tam_computer_attitudes_8 +
tam_computer_attitudes_14 +
tam_computer_attitudes_17
'
m3 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m3, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 42 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 45
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 26.543
## Degrees of freedom 15
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.033
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 8.748
## John 3.481
## Josh 14.313
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 646.738
## Degrees of freedom 30
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.981
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.963
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -1326.760
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 2743.520
## Bayesian (BIC) 2901.805
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 2759.153
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.096
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.027
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.155
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.106
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.028
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.746 0.853
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.012 0.137 7.405 0.000 0.755 0.868
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.851 0.142 5.987 0.000 0.635 0.733
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.984 0.173 5.680 0.000 0.734 0.705
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.771 0.207 3.727 0.000 0.575 0.500
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.111 0.119 34.531 0.000 4.111 4.699
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.132 0.118 34.913 0.000 4.132 4.751
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.093 0.118 34.711 0.000 4.093 4.724
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.630 0.142 25.606 0.000 3.630 3.484
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.222 0.156 20.602 0.000 3.222 2.804
## computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.209 0.062 3.353 0.001 0.209 0.273
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.186 0.060 3.105 0.002 0.186 0.246
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.348 0.078 4.433 0.000 0.348 0.463
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.546 0.120 4.552 0.000 0.546 0.504
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.990 0.199 4.983 0.000 0.990 0.750
## computer_tttds 0.557 0.149 3.723 0.000 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.648 0.795
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.130 0.100 11.332 0.000 0.732 0.910
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.080 0.105 10.290 0.000 0.700 0.825
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.002 0.117 8.528 0.000 0.649 0.709
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.546 0.141 3.886 0.000 0.354 0.350
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.069 0.071 56.919 0.000 4.069 4.992
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.039 0.071 57.254 0.000 4.039 5.021
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.172 0.074 56.037 0.000 4.172 4.915
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.543 0.080 44.140 0.000 3.543 3.871
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.211 0.089 36.144 0.000 3.211 3.170
## computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.245 0.038 6.514 0.000 0.245 0.368
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.111 0.029 3.845 0.000 0.111 0.171
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.231 0.038 6.091 0.000 0.231 0.320
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.416 0.058 7.188 0.000 0.416 0.497
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.901 0.113 7.947 0.000 0.901 0.878
## computer_tttds 0.420 0.080 5.265 0.000 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.669 0.714
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.254 0.175 7.152 0.000 0.839 0.921
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.051 0.149 7.067 0.000 0.703 0.907
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.137 0.175 6.497 0.000 0.761 0.831
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.618 0.197 3.135 0.002 0.413 0.402
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 3.985 0.116 34.310 0.000 3.985 4.256
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.031 0.113 35.674 0.000 4.031 4.425
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.123 0.096 42.906 0.000 4.123 5.322
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.738 0.114 32.900 0.000 3.738 4.081
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.262 0.127 25.605 0.000 3.262 3.176
## computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.429 0.082 5.257 0.000 0.429 0.490
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.126 0.040 3.134 0.002 0.126 0.152
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.106 0.030 3.515 0.000 0.106 0.177
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.260 0.055 4.725 0.000 0.260 0.310
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.884 0.157 5.620 0.000 0.884 0.838
## computer_tttds 0.447 0.138 3.248 0.001 1.000 1.000reliability(m3)## $Eric
## computer_attitudes total
## alpha 0.8383583 0.8383583
## omega 0.8388588 0.8388588
## omega2 0.8388588 0.8388588
## omega3 0.8352921 0.8352921
## avevar 0.5127556 0.5127556
##
## $John
## computer_attitudes total
## alpha 0.8214518 0.8214518
## omega 0.8332717 0.8332717
## omega2 0.8332717 0.8332717
## omega3 0.8368219 0.8368219
## avevar 0.5116113 0.5116113
##
## $Josh
## computer_attitudes total
## alpha 0.8629218 0.8629218
## omega 0.8638487 0.8638487
## omega2 0.8638487 0.8638487
## omega3 0.8445498 0.8445498
## avevar 0.5701466 0.5701466fitmod <- '
attainment =~
task_value_attainment_value_27 +
task_value_attainment_value_31 +
task_value_attainment_value_33 +
task_value_attainment_value_36 +
task_value_attainment_value_38
interest =~
task_value_interest_value_29 +
task_value_interest_value_32 +
task_value_interest_value_37 +
task_value_interest_value_40
utility =~
task_value_utility_value_28 +
task_value_utility_value_30 +
task_value_utility_value_34 +
task_value_utility_value_35 +
task_value_utility_value_39
expectancy =~
expectancy_success__20 +
expectancy_success__21 +
expectancy_success__22 +
expectancy_success__23 +
expectancy_success__24 +
expectancy_success__25
'
m4 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m4, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 96 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 198
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 1155.730
## Degrees of freedom 492
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 367.922
## John 467.572
## Josh 320.236
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 3958.336
## Degrees of freedom 570
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.804
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.773
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -4987.538
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 10371.075
## Bayesian (BIC) 11067.531
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 10439.860
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.127
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.118
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.137
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.091
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment =~
## tsk_vl_ttn__27 1.000 0.710 0.788
## tsk_vl_ttn__31 1.186 0.183 6.480 0.000 0.843 0.808
## tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.931 0.180 5.181 0.000 0.662 0.674
## tsk_vl_ttn__36 1.311 0.192 6.835 0.000 0.931 0.842
## tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.967 0.166 5.836 0.000 0.687 0.743
## interest =~
## tsk_vl_ntr__29 1.000 0.829 0.820
## tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.722 0.106 6.827 0.000 0.599 0.796
## tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.871 0.117 7.438 0.000 0.723 0.844
## tsk_vl_ntr__40 1.070 0.129 8.267 0.000 0.887 0.904
## utility =~
## tsk_vl_tlt__28 1.000 0.448 0.481
## tsk_vl_tlt__30 1.245 0.352 3.537 0.000 0.557 0.790
## tsk_vl_tlt__34 1.484 0.401 3.698 0.000 0.664 0.897
## tsk_vl_tlt__35 1.186 0.327 3.624 0.000 0.531 0.843
## tsk_vl_tlt__39 1.158 0.327 3.542 0.000 0.518 0.793
## expectancy =~
## expctncy_s__20 1.000 0.407 0.637
## expctncy_s__21 1.845 0.402 4.588 0.000 0.752 0.743
## expctncy_s__22 1.253 0.284 4.418 0.000 0.510 0.708
## expctncy_s__23 0.341 0.288 1.184 0.236 0.139 0.170
## expctncy_s__24 1.974 0.381 5.181 0.000 0.804 0.883
## expctncy_s__25 2.094 0.412 5.079 0.000 0.853 0.854
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment ~~
## interest 0.541 0.136 3.963 0.000 0.918 0.918
## utility 0.189 0.075 2.510 0.012 0.595 0.595
## expectancy 0.138 0.055 2.516 0.012 0.478 0.478
## interest ~~
## utility 0.250 0.094 2.663 0.008 0.674 0.674
## expectancy 0.196 0.068 2.870 0.004 0.581 0.581
## utility ~~
## expectancy 0.094 0.042 2.249 0.025 0.514 0.514
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 3.759 0.123 30.648 0.000 3.759 4.171
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 3.204 0.142 22.569 0.000 3.204 3.071
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 3.870 0.134 28.957 0.000 3.870 3.941
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 3.333 0.150 22.156 0.000 3.333 3.015
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 3.815 0.126 30.324 0.000 3.815 4.127
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 3.704 0.138 26.905 0.000 3.704 3.661
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 4.093 0.102 39.992 0.000 4.093 5.442
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 3.943 0.117 33.849 0.000 3.943 4.606
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 3.667 0.134 27.458 0.000 3.667 3.736
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 4.204 0.127 33.196 0.000 4.204 4.517
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 4.389 0.096 45.752 0.000 4.389 6.226
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 4.315 0.101 42.792 0.000 4.315 5.823
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 4.537 0.086 52.929 0.000 4.537 7.203
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 4.407 0.089 49.586 0.000 4.407 6.748
## .expctncy_s__20 3.870 0.087 44.466 0.000 3.870 6.051
## .expctncy_s__21 3.889 0.138 28.231 0.000 3.889 3.842
## .expctncy_s__22 3.870 0.098 39.432 0.000 3.870 5.366
## .expctncy_s__23 3.963 0.111 35.703 0.000 3.963 4.859
## .expctncy_s__24 3.611 0.124 29.123 0.000 3.611 3.963
## .expctncy_s__25 3.759 0.136 27.658 0.000 3.759 3.764
## attainment 0.000 0.000 0.000
## interest 0.000 0.000 0.000
## utility 0.000 0.000 0.000
## expectancy 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 0.308 0.069 4.433 0.000 0.308 0.379
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 0.378 0.087 4.319 0.000 0.378 0.347
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.527 0.109 4.814 0.000 0.527 0.546
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 0.355 0.088 4.048 0.000 0.355 0.290
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.383 0.083 4.625 0.000 0.383 0.448
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 0.336 0.075 4.475 0.000 0.336 0.328
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.207 0.045 4.588 0.000 0.207 0.366
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.211 0.049 4.319 0.000 0.211 0.288
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.176 0.049 3.585 0.000 0.176 0.182
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 0.665 0.132 5.054 0.000 0.665 0.769
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.186 0.043 4.384 0.000 0.186 0.375
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 0.108 0.034 3.185 0.001 0.108 0.196
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.115 0.029 3.975 0.000 0.115 0.289
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.158 0.036 4.367 0.000 0.158 0.370
## .expctncy_s__20 0.243 0.050 4.825 0.000 0.243 0.594
## .expctncy_s__21 0.460 0.102 4.518 0.000 0.460 0.448
## .expctncy_s__22 0.260 0.056 4.646 0.000 0.260 0.499
## .expctncy_s__23 0.646 0.125 5.180 0.000 0.646 0.971
## .expctncy_s__24 0.183 0.057 3.208 0.001 0.183 0.221
## .expctncy_s__25 0.270 0.074 3.652 0.000 0.270 0.270
## attainment 0.505 0.149 3.384 0.001 1.000 1.000
## interest 0.688 0.190 3.621 0.000 1.000 1.000
## utility 0.200 0.111 1.807 0.071 1.000 1.000
## expectancy 0.166 0.066 2.514 0.012 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment =~
## tsk_vl_ttn__27 1.000 0.801 0.812
## tsk_vl_ttn__31 1.192 0.115 10.349 0.000 0.955 0.814
## tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.602 0.097 6.179 0.000 0.482 0.534
## tsk_vl_ttn__36 1.213 0.117 10.406 0.000 0.972 0.817
## tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.958 0.101 9.521 0.000 0.767 0.763
## interest =~
## tsk_vl_ntr__29 1.000 0.881 0.803
## tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.886 0.076 11.625 0.000 0.780 0.879
## tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.879 0.081 10.900 0.000 0.774 0.838
## tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.979 0.086 11.357 0.000 0.863 0.864
## utility =~
## tsk_vl_tlt__28 1.000 0.604 0.738
## tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.882 0.112 7.911 0.000 0.533 0.713
## tsk_vl_tlt__34 1.018 0.107 9.522 0.000 0.614 0.856
## tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.926 0.102 9.105 0.000 0.559 0.817
## tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.764 0.111 6.855 0.000 0.461 0.622
## expectancy =~
## expctncy_s__20 1.000 0.539 0.721
## expctncy_s__21 1.111 0.155 7.155 0.000 0.598 0.692
## expctncy_s__22 0.957 0.133 7.196 0.000 0.516 0.697
## expctncy_s__23 0.165 0.146 1.134 0.257 0.089 0.108
## expctncy_s__24 1.297 0.177 7.311 0.000 0.699 0.709
## expctncy_s__25 1.340 0.178 7.529 0.000 0.722 0.732
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment ~~
## interest 0.562 0.098 5.762 0.000 0.797 0.797
## utility 0.315 0.064 4.953 0.000 0.650 0.650
## expectancy 0.234 0.054 4.312 0.000 0.541 0.541
## interest ~~
## utility 0.365 0.071 5.116 0.000 0.686 0.686
## expectancy 0.255 0.059 4.323 0.000 0.538 0.538
## utility ~~
## expectancy 0.201 0.044 4.546 0.000 0.618 0.618
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 3.515 0.087 40.637 0.000 3.515 3.564
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 3.115 0.103 30.248 0.000 3.115 2.653
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 3.597 0.079 45.447 0.000 3.597 3.986
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 3.015 0.104 28.901 0.000 3.015 2.535
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 3.592 0.088 40.741 0.000 3.592 3.573
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 3.538 0.096 36.793 0.000 3.538 3.227
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 3.892 0.078 49.981 0.000 3.892 4.384
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 3.908 0.081 48.241 0.000 3.908 4.231
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 3.577 0.088 40.825 0.000 3.577 3.581
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 4.177 0.072 58.239 0.000 4.177 5.108
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 4.223 0.066 64.463 0.000 4.223 5.654
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 4.177 0.063 66.372 0.000 4.177 5.821
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 4.331 0.060 72.217 0.000 4.331 6.334
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 4.238 0.065 65.114 0.000 4.238 5.711
## .expctncy_s__20 3.777 0.066 57.653 0.000 3.777 5.056
## .expctncy_s__21 3.738 0.076 49.318 0.000 3.738 4.326
## .expctncy_s__22 3.885 0.065 59.819 0.000 3.885 5.246
## .expctncy_s__23 4.054 0.072 55.981 0.000 4.054 4.910
## .expctncy_s__24 3.285 0.087 37.970 0.000 3.285 3.330
## .expctncy_s__25 3.377 0.087 39.027 0.000 3.377 3.423
## attainment 0.000 0.000 0.000
## interest 0.000 0.000 0.000
## utility 0.000 0.000 0.000
## expectancy 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 0.331 0.052 6.345 0.000 0.331 0.340
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 0.466 0.074 6.330 0.000 0.466 0.338
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.582 0.075 7.716 0.000 0.582 0.715
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 0.470 0.075 6.286 0.000 0.470 0.332
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.422 0.062 6.835 0.000 0.422 0.417
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 0.427 0.062 6.835 0.000 0.427 0.355
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.180 0.031 5.752 0.000 0.180 0.228
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.254 0.039 6.460 0.000 0.254 0.298
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.254 0.042 6.061 0.000 0.254 0.254
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 0.304 0.044 6.937 0.000 0.304 0.455
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.274 0.039 7.093 0.000 0.274 0.492
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 0.137 0.025 5.452 0.000 0.137 0.267
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.155 0.025 6.146 0.000 0.155 0.332
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.338 0.045 7.477 0.000 0.338 0.614
## .expctncy_s__20 0.268 0.041 6.516 0.000 0.268 0.480
## .expctncy_s__21 0.389 0.058 6.753 0.000 0.389 0.521
## .expctncy_s__22 0.282 0.042 6.721 0.000 0.282 0.515
## .expctncy_s__23 0.674 0.084 8.046 0.000 0.674 0.988
## .expctncy_s__24 0.484 0.073 6.625 0.000 0.484 0.498
## .expctncy_s__25 0.452 0.070 6.416 0.000 0.452 0.464
## attainment 0.642 0.118 5.445 0.000 1.000 1.000
## interest 0.776 0.143 5.414 0.000 1.000 1.000
## utility 0.364 0.077 4.721 0.000 1.000 1.000
## expectancy 0.290 0.065 4.442 0.000 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment =~
## tsk_vl_ttn__27 1.000 0.735 0.766
## tsk_vl_ttn__31 1.466 0.199 7.375 0.000 1.077 0.860
## tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.933 0.158 5.890 0.000 0.685 0.710
## tsk_vl_ttn__36 1.253 0.179 6.991 0.000 0.921 0.822
## tsk_vl_ttn__38 1.238 0.179 6.918 0.000 0.910 0.815
## interest =~
## tsk_vl_ntr__29 1.000 0.768 0.750
## tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.765 0.120 6.385 0.000 0.587 0.778
## tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.904 0.124 7.295 0.000 0.694 0.878
## tsk_vl_ntr__40 1.030 0.146 7.059 0.000 0.791 0.852
## utility =~
## tsk_vl_tlt__28 1.000 0.604 0.780
## tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.881 0.127 6.929 0.000 0.532 0.789
## tsk_vl_tlt__34 1.031 0.123 8.364 0.000 0.623 0.914
## tsk_vl_tlt__35 1.026 0.125 8.211 0.000 0.620 0.900
## tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.753 0.120 6.280 0.000 0.455 0.729
## expectancy =~
## expctncy_s__20 1.000 0.442 0.691
## expctncy_s__21 0.717 0.231 3.104 0.002 0.317 0.433
## expctncy_s__22 0.792 0.232 3.408 0.001 0.350 0.478
## expctncy_s__23 -0.021 0.336 -0.063 0.950 -0.009 -0.009
## expctncy_s__24 1.479 0.311 4.755 0.000 0.653 0.693
## expctncy_s__25 1.849 0.351 5.263 0.000 0.817 0.806
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## attainment ~~
## interest 0.465 0.119 3.919 0.000 0.823 0.823
## utility 0.320 0.085 3.769 0.000 0.721 0.721
## expectancy 0.218 0.065 3.323 0.001 0.670 0.670
## interest ~~
## utility 0.366 0.094 3.894 0.000 0.788 0.788
## expectancy 0.190 0.064 2.978 0.003 0.558 0.558
## utility ~~
## expectancy 0.147 0.049 3.016 0.003 0.552 0.552
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 3.692 0.119 31.024 0.000 3.692 3.848
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 3.185 0.155 20.518 0.000 3.185 2.545
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 3.923 0.120 32.753 0.000 3.923 4.063
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 3.231 0.139 23.256 0.000 3.231 2.885
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 3.562 0.138 25.727 0.000 3.562 3.191
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 3.538 0.127 27.860 0.000 3.538 3.456
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 4.156 0.094 44.404 0.000 4.156 5.508
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 4.077 0.098 41.582 0.000 4.077 5.158
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 3.754 0.115 32.588 0.000 3.754 4.042
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 4.277 0.096 44.507 0.000 4.277 5.520
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 4.400 0.084 52.568 0.000 4.400 6.520
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 4.323 0.085 51.120 0.000 4.323 6.341
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 4.354 0.085 50.942 0.000 4.354 6.319
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 4.385 0.078 56.567 0.000 4.385 7.016
## .expctncy_s__20 3.923 0.079 49.429 0.000 3.923 6.131
## .expctncy_s__21 3.954 0.091 43.527 0.000 3.954 5.399
## .expctncy_s__22 3.954 0.091 43.527 0.000 3.954 5.399
## .expctncy_s__23 3.908 0.135 28.863 0.000 3.908 3.580
## .expctncy_s__24 3.415 0.117 29.204 0.000 3.415 3.622
## .expctncy_s__25 3.438 0.126 27.339 0.000 3.438 3.391
## attainment 0.000 0.000 0.000
## interest 0.000 0.000 0.000
## utility 0.000 0.000 0.000
## expectancy 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 0.381 0.076 4.997 0.000 0.381 0.414
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 0.407 0.095 4.269 0.000 0.407 0.260
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.463 0.089 5.198 0.000 0.463 0.496
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 0.407 0.087 4.658 0.000 0.407 0.324
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.419 0.089 4.713 0.000 0.419 0.336
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 0.459 0.091 5.045 0.000 0.459 0.437
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.224 0.046 4.914 0.000 0.224 0.394
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.143 0.036 3.941 0.000 0.143 0.228
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.237 0.055 4.325 0.000 0.237 0.274
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 0.235 0.046 5.106 0.000 0.235 0.391
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.172 0.034 5.069 0.000 0.172 0.378
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 0.077 0.021 3.718 0.000 0.077 0.165
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.090 0.022 4.010 0.000 0.090 0.190
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.183 0.035 5.270 0.000 0.183 0.469
## .expctncy_s__20 0.214 0.046 4.608 0.000 0.214 0.523
## .expctncy_s__21 0.436 0.080 5.434 0.000 0.436 0.813
## .expctncy_s__22 0.414 0.077 5.357 0.000 0.414 0.772
## .expctncy_s__23 1.191 0.209 5.701 0.000 1.191 1.000
## .expctncy_s__24 0.462 0.101 4.592 0.000 0.462 0.520
## .expctncy_s__25 0.360 0.103 3.488 0.000 0.360 0.350
## attainment 0.540 0.152 3.561 0.000 1.000 1.000
## interest 0.590 0.171 3.456 0.001 1.000 1.000
## utility 0.365 0.099 3.689 0.000 1.000 1.000
## expectancy 0.195 0.067 2.912 0.004 1.000 1.000reliability(m4)## $Eric
## attainment interest utility expectancy total
## alpha 0.8755950 0.9028281 0.8544906 0.8217772 0.9329095
## omega 0.8828488 0.9085298 0.8570908 0.8535379 0.9521579
## omega2 0.8828488 0.9085298 0.8570908 0.8535379 0.9521579
## omega3 0.8905611 0.9071723 0.8549505 0.8514346 0.9067706
## avevar 0.6054617 0.7171284 0.5494661 0.5364604 0.5994112
##
## $John
## attainment interest utility expectancy total
## alpha 0.8606684 0.9042948 0.8601007 0.7672319 0.9267368
## omega 0.8745138 0.9070499 0.8638928 0.7970487 0.9470784
## omega2 0.8745138 0.9070499 0.8638928 0.7970487 0.9470784
## omega3 0.8815022 0.9107473 0.8675815 0.8054047 0.9168459
## avevar 0.5938922 0.7099624 0.5617842 0.4313476 0.5716390
##
## $Josh
## attainment interest utility expectancy total
## alpha 0.8933851 0.8785253 0.9126145 0.6421893 0.9239951
## omega 0.9001971 0.8837012 0.9139470 0.6821568 0.9464283
## omega2 0.9001971 0.8837012 0.9139470 0.6821568 0.9464283
## omega3 0.9023538 0.8866031 0.9094827 0.6688171 0.9407246
## avevar 0.6493334 0.6579323 0.6827336 0.3296015 0.5642629fitmod <- '
task_effort =~
full_cost_task_effort_cost_42 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_45 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_46 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_51 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_57
outside_effort =~
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_44 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_47 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_50 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_52
lova =~
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_43 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_49 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_53 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_56
emotional_costs =~
full_cost_emotional_cost_41 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_48 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_54 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_55 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_58 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_59
'
m6 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m6, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 168 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 189
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 1704.265
## Degrees of freedom 438
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 439.851
## John 655.554
## Josh 608.860
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 7510.090
## Degrees of freedom 513
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.819
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.788
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -6274.124
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 12926.249
## Bayesian (BIC) 13591.047
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 12991.907
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.187
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.177
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.196
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.055
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___42 1.000 1.621 0.979
## fll_cst_t___45 0.979 0.058 16.769 0.000 1.587 0.934
## fll_cst_t___46 0.903 0.079 11.496 0.000 1.464 0.857
## fll_cst_t___51 0.804 0.094 8.517 0.000 1.303 0.768
## fll_cst_t___57 0.760 0.072 10.518 0.000 1.232 0.833
## outside_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___44 1.000 1.074 0.707
## fll_cst_t___47 1.246 0.214 5.815 0.000 1.339 0.796
## fll_cst_t___50 1.456 0.203 7.184 0.000 1.564 0.984
## fll_cst_t___52 1.396 0.210 6.643 0.000 1.500 0.909
## lova =~
## fll_cst_l___43 1.000 1.296 0.795
## fll_cst_l___49 0.965 0.168 5.744 0.000 1.250 0.722
## fll_cst_l___53 0.920 0.160 5.766 0.000 1.192 0.724
## fll_cst_l___56 1.003 0.129 7.789 0.000 1.300 0.910
## emotional_costs =~
## fll_cst_mt__41 1.000 1.137 0.625
## fll_cst_mt__48 1.118 0.225 4.974 0.000 1.271 0.813
## fll_cst_mt__54 1.110 0.226 4.907 0.000 1.262 0.798
## fll_cst_mt__55 0.984 0.204 4.821 0.000 1.119 0.779
## fll_cst_mt__58 1.147 0.208 5.526 0.000 1.304 0.952
## fll_cst_mt__59 0.986 0.221 4.463 0.000 1.121 0.704
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort ~~
## outside_effort 1.750 0.416 4.211 0.000 1.005 1.005
## lova 1.892 0.442 4.280 0.000 0.900 0.900
## emotional_csts 1.651 0.447 3.694 0.000 0.896 0.896
## outside_effort ~~
## lova 1.272 0.341 3.732 0.000 0.913 0.913
## emotional_csts 1.088 0.329 3.305 0.001 0.890 0.890
## lova ~~
## emotional_csts 1.293 0.379 3.412 0.001 0.877 0.877
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 3.000 0.225 13.317 0.000 3.000 1.812
## .fll_cst_t___45 2.963 0.231 12.813 0.000 2.963 1.744
## .fll_cst_t___46 2.833 0.232 12.191 0.000 2.833 1.659
## .fll_cst_t___51 3.296 0.231 14.286 0.000 3.296 1.944
## .fll_cst_t___57 2.870 0.201 14.263 0.000 2.870 1.941
## .fll_cst_t___44 3.278 0.207 15.842 0.000 3.278 2.156
## .fll_cst_t___47 3.056 0.229 13.347 0.000 3.056 1.816
## .fll_cst_t___50 2.907 0.216 13.436 0.000 2.907 1.828
## .fll_cst_t___52 3.019 0.225 13.445 0.000 3.019 1.830
## .fll_cst_l___43 3.519 0.222 15.862 0.000 3.519 2.159
## .fll_cst_l___49 3.185 0.236 13.507 0.000 3.185 1.838
## .fll_cst_l___53 3.093 0.224 13.796 0.000 3.093 1.877
## .fll_cst_l___56 2.648 0.194 13.615 0.000 2.648 1.853
## .fll_cst_mt__41 3.722 0.248 15.031 0.000 3.722 2.045
## .fll_cst_mt__48 3.037 0.213 14.279 0.000 3.037 1.943
## .fll_cst_mt__54 2.981 0.215 13.858 0.000 2.981 1.886
## .fll_cst_mt__55 2.547 0.195 13.042 0.000 2.547 1.775
## .fll_cst_mt__58 2.537 0.186 13.604 0.000 2.537 1.851
## .fll_cst_mt__59 2.852 0.217 13.166 0.000 2.852 1.792
## task_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## outside_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## lova 0.000 0.000 0.000
## emotional_csts 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 0.113 0.033 3.417 0.001 0.113 0.041
## .fll_cst_t___45 0.369 0.077 4.811 0.000 0.369 0.128
## .fll_cst_t___46 0.774 0.153 5.052 0.000 0.774 0.265
## .fll_cst_t___51 1.178 0.230 5.123 0.000 1.178 0.410
## .fll_cst_t___57 0.668 0.132 5.079 0.000 0.668 0.306
## .fll_cst_t___44 1.157 0.225 5.148 0.000 1.157 0.501
## .fll_cst_t___47 1.039 0.203 5.111 0.000 1.039 0.367
## .fll_cst_t___50 0.081 0.031 2.594 0.009 0.081 0.032
## .fll_cst_t___52 0.472 0.095 4.940 0.000 0.472 0.173
## .fll_cst_l___43 0.978 0.216 4.531 0.000 0.978 0.368
## .fll_cst_l___49 1.439 0.301 4.781 0.000 1.439 0.479
## .fll_cst_l___53 1.292 0.271 4.775 0.000 1.292 0.476
## .fll_cst_l___56 0.352 0.109 3.220 0.001 0.352 0.172
## .fll_cst_mt__41 2.018 0.401 5.033 0.000 2.018 0.609
## .fll_cst_mt__48 0.827 0.176 4.685 0.000 0.827 0.338
## .fll_cst_mt__54 0.906 0.191 4.739 0.000 0.906 0.363
## .fll_cst_mt__55 0.808 0.169 4.795 0.000 0.808 0.392
## .fll_cst_mt__58 0.177 0.066 2.691 0.007 0.177 0.094
## .fll_cst_mt__59 1.277 0.258 4.944 0.000 1.277 0.504
## task_effort 2.628 0.528 4.981 0.000 1.000 1.000
## outside_effort 1.154 0.386 2.988 0.003 1.000 1.000
## lova 1.679 0.487 3.448 0.001 1.000 1.000
## emotional_csts 1.293 0.515 2.511 0.012 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___42 1.000 1.638 0.918
## fll_cst_t___45 1.018 0.067 15.204 0.000 1.668 0.855
## fll_cst_t___46 1.041 0.055 18.953 0.000 1.706 0.925
## fll_cst_t___51 0.937 0.059 15.895 0.000 1.535 0.870
## fll_cst_t___57 1.002 0.051 19.644 0.000 1.642 0.935
## outside_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___44 1.000 1.311 0.788
## fll_cst_t___47 1.197 0.107 11.218 0.000 1.570 0.842
## fll_cst_t___50 1.160 0.096 12.040 0.000 1.521 0.886
## fll_cst_t___52 1.221 0.094 13.036 0.000 1.601 0.935
## lova =~
## fll_cst_l___43 1.000 1.174 0.697
## fll_cst_l___49 1.355 0.133 10.163 0.000 1.590 0.916
## fll_cst_l___53 1.381 0.139 9.927 0.000 1.621 0.894
## fll_cst_l___56 1.444 0.139 10.357 0.000 1.695 0.934
## emotional_costs =~
## fll_cst_mt__41 1.000 1.385 0.707
## fll_cst_mt__48 1.190 0.113 10.559 0.000 1.647 0.933
## fll_cst_mt__54 1.246 0.118 10.520 0.000 1.726 0.930
## fll_cst_mt__55 1.325 0.125 10.617 0.000 1.834 0.938
## fll_cst_mt__58 1.300 0.121 10.731 0.000 1.800 0.948
## fll_cst_mt__59 1.382 0.133 10.416 0.000 1.914 0.920
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort ~~
## outside_effort 2.153 0.316 6.807 0.000 1.002 1.002
## lova 1.877 0.300 6.264 0.000 0.976 0.976
## emotional_csts 2.222 0.351 6.324 0.000 0.980 0.980
## outside_effort ~~
## lova 1.523 0.257 5.919 0.000 0.990 0.990
## emotional_csts 1.730 0.294 5.891 0.000 0.953 0.953
## lova ~~
## emotional_csts 1.625 0.288 5.644 0.000 1.000 1.000
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 3.223 0.157 20.579 0.000 3.223 1.805
## .fll_cst_t___45 3.377 0.171 19.741 0.000 3.377 1.731
## .fll_cst_t___46 3.192 0.162 19.735 0.000 3.192 1.731
## .fll_cst_t___51 3.323 0.155 21.481 0.000 3.323 1.884
## .fll_cst_t___57 2.992 0.154 19.426 0.000 2.992 1.704
## .fll_cst_t___44 3.538 0.146 24.233 0.000 3.538 2.125
## .fll_cst_t___47 3.308 0.163 20.232 0.000 3.308 1.774
## .fll_cst_t___50 3.208 0.151 21.296 0.000 3.208 1.868
## .fll_cst_t___52 3.162 0.150 21.039 0.000 3.162 1.845
## .fll_cst_l___43 3.662 0.148 24.776 0.000 3.662 2.173
## .fll_cst_l___49 3.178 0.152 20.870 0.000 3.178 1.830
## .fll_cst_l___53 3.238 0.159 20.359 0.000 3.238 1.786
## .fll_cst_l___56 2.954 0.159 18.567 0.000 2.954 1.628
## .fll_cst_mt__41 3.677 0.172 21.410 0.000 3.677 1.878
## .fll_cst_mt__48 3.077 0.155 19.870 0.000 3.077 1.743
## .fll_cst_mt__54 3.123 0.163 19.181 0.000 3.123 1.682
## .fll_cst_mt__55 2.977 0.171 17.360 0.000 2.977 1.523
## .fll_cst_mt__58 2.946 0.167 17.692 0.000 2.946 1.552
## .fll_cst_mt__59 3.085 0.182 16.914 0.000 3.085 1.483
## task_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## outside_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## lova 0.000 0.000 0.000
## emotional_csts 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 0.504 0.068 7.418 0.000 0.504 0.158
## .fll_cst_t___45 1.021 0.132 7.761 0.000 1.021 0.268
## .fll_cst_t___46 0.491 0.067 7.331 0.000 0.491 0.144
## .fll_cst_t___51 0.754 0.098 7.712 0.000 0.754 0.242
## .fll_cst_t___57 0.389 0.054 7.176 0.000 0.389 0.126
## .fll_cst_t___44 1.052 0.134 7.876 0.000 1.052 0.380
## .fll_cst_t___47 1.011 0.130 7.749 0.000 1.011 0.291
## .fll_cst_t___50 0.637 0.085 7.519 0.000 0.637 0.216
## .fll_cst_t___52 0.371 0.056 6.685 0.000 0.371 0.126
## .fll_cst_l___43 1.461 0.182 8.013 0.000 1.461 0.515
## .fll_cst_l___49 0.486 0.065 7.447 0.000 0.486 0.161
## .fll_cst_l___53 0.663 0.086 7.664 0.000 0.663 0.201
## .fll_cst_l___56 0.418 0.059 7.108 0.000 0.418 0.127
## .fll_cst_mt__41 1.917 0.241 7.946 0.000 1.917 0.500
## .fll_cst_mt__48 0.404 0.056 7.252 0.000 0.404 0.130
## .fll_cst_mt__54 0.469 0.064 7.298 0.000 0.469 0.136
## .fll_cst_mt__55 0.459 0.064 7.174 0.000 0.459 0.120
## .fll_cst_mt__58 0.364 0.052 6.969 0.000 0.364 0.101
## .fll_cst_mt__59 0.662 0.089 7.400 0.000 0.662 0.153
## task_effort 2.684 0.391 6.858 0.000 1.000 1.000
## outside_effort 1.720 0.319 5.385 0.000 1.000 1.000
## lova 1.378 0.303 4.553 0.000 1.000 1.000
## emotional_csts 1.917 0.414 4.633 0.000 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___42 1.000 1.366 0.929
## fll_cst_t___45 0.964 0.069 13.985 0.000 1.317 0.929
## fll_cst_t___46 0.964 0.063 15.188 0.000 1.317 0.950
## fll_cst_t___51 0.765 0.119 6.411 0.000 1.044 0.649
## fll_cst_t___57 0.920 0.087 10.530 0.000 1.256 0.843
## outside_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___44 1.000 1.250 0.789
## fll_cst_t___47 1.046 0.114 9.152 0.000 1.307 0.932
## fll_cst_t___50 1.110 0.124 8.975 0.000 1.387 0.920
## fll_cst_t___52 1.090 0.128 8.520 0.000 1.363 0.888
## lova =~
## fll_cst_l___43 1.000 1.036 0.646
## fll_cst_l___49 1.039 0.178 5.848 0.000 1.077 0.828
## fll_cst_l___53 1.165 0.203 5.725 0.000 1.206 0.806
## fll_cst_l___56 1.231 0.196 6.263 0.000 1.275 0.906
## emotional_costs =~
## fll_cst_mt__41 1.000 1.258 0.704
## fll_cst_mt__48 1.021 0.156 6.533 0.000 1.285 0.841
## fll_cst_mt__54 0.980 0.155 6.304 0.000 1.232 0.811
## fll_cst_mt__55 1.009 0.163 6.194 0.000 1.270 0.797
## fll_cst_mt__58 0.917 0.145 6.320 0.000 1.154 0.813
## fll_cst_mt__59 1.084 0.162 6.681 0.000 1.364 0.861
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## task_effort ~~
## outside_effort 1.645 0.346 4.758 0.000 0.963 0.963
## lova 1.324 0.319 4.158 0.000 0.936 0.936
## emotional_csts 1.591 0.366 4.353 0.000 0.926 0.926
## outside_effort ~~
## lova 1.304 0.325 4.013 0.000 1.007 1.007
## emotional_csts 1.453 0.356 4.085 0.000 0.924 0.924
## lova ~~
## emotional_csts 1.210 0.325 3.717 0.000 0.928 0.928
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 2.738 0.182 15.015 0.000 2.738 1.862
## .fll_cst_t___45 2.738 0.176 15.579 0.000 2.738 1.932
## .fll_cst_t___46 2.625 0.172 15.265 0.000 2.625 1.893
## .fll_cst_t___51 3.108 0.200 15.574 0.000 3.108 1.932
## .fll_cst_t___57 2.750 0.185 14.883 0.000 2.750 1.846
## .fll_cst_t___44 3.078 0.197 15.664 0.000 3.078 1.943
## .fll_cst_t___47 2.815 0.174 16.189 0.000 2.815 2.008
## .fll_cst_t___50 2.862 0.187 15.302 0.000 2.862 1.898
## .fll_cst_t___52 2.831 0.190 14.869 0.000 2.831 1.844
## .fll_cst_l___43 3.015 0.199 15.168 0.000 3.015 1.881
## .fll_cst_l___49 2.692 0.161 16.698 0.000 2.692 2.071
## .fll_cst_l___53 2.769 0.186 14.921 0.000 2.769 1.851
## .fll_cst_l___56 2.646 0.175 15.152 0.000 2.646 1.879
## .fll_cst_mt__41 3.292 0.222 14.859 0.000 3.292 1.843
## .fll_cst_mt__48 2.769 0.189 14.623 0.000 2.769 1.814
## .fll_cst_mt__54 2.754 0.188 14.613 0.000 2.754 1.812
## .fll_cst_mt__55 2.631 0.198 13.307 0.000 2.631 1.651
## .fll_cst_mt__58 2.646 0.176 15.036 0.000 2.646 1.865
## .fll_cst_mt__59 2.985 0.196 15.196 0.000 2.985 1.885
## task_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## outside_effort 0.000 0.000 0.000
## lova 0.000 0.000 0.000
## emotional_csts 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .fll_cst_t___42 0.297 0.064 4.626 0.000 0.297 0.137
## .fll_cst_t___45 0.275 0.059 4.622 0.000 0.275 0.137
## .fll_cst_t___46 0.188 0.046 4.113 0.000 0.188 0.098
## .fll_cst_t___51 1.498 0.268 5.580 0.000 1.498 0.579
## .fll_cst_t___57 0.641 0.121 5.288 0.000 0.641 0.289
## .fll_cst_t___44 0.948 0.173 5.493 0.000 0.948 0.378
## .fll_cst_t___47 0.258 0.055 4.710 0.000 0.258 0.131
## .fll_cst_t___50 0.349 0.071 4.907 0.000 0.349 0.154
## .fll_cst_t___52 0.498 0.096 5.196 0.000 0.498 0.212
## .fll_cst_l___43 1.496 0.268 5.585 0.000 1.496 0.582
## .fll_cst_l___49 0.531 0.101 5.269 0.000 0.531 0.314
## .fll_cst_l___53 0.784 0.146 5.349 0.000 0.784 0.350
## .fll_cst_l___56 0.357 0.078 4.546 0.000 0.357 0.180
## .fll_cst_mt__41 1.609 0.299 5.388 0.000 1.609 0.504
## .fll_cst_mt__48 0.681 0.138 4.919 0.000 0.681 0.292
## .fll_cst_mt__54 0.790 0.155 5.084 0.000 0.790 0.342
## .fll_cst_mt__55 0.928 0.180 5.145 0.000 0.928 0.365
## .fll_cst_mt__58 0.682 0.134 5.074 0.000 0.682 0.339
## .fll_cst_mt__59 0.648 0.136 4.772 0.000 0.648 0.258
## task_effort 1.865 0.378 4.941 0.000 1.000 1.000
## outside_effort 1.562 0.410 3.807 0.000 1.000 1.000
## lova 1.073 0.370 2.898 0.004 1.000 1.000
## emotional_csts 1.583 0.493 3.209 0.001 1.000 1.000reliability(m6)## $Eric
## task_effort outside_effort lova emotional_costs total
## alpha 0.9460640 0.9139995 0.8840670 0.9076371 0.9691808
## omega 0.9436365 0.9160555 0.8621225 0.8964366 0.9733582
## omega2 0.9436365 0.9160555 0.8621225 0.8964366 0.9733582
## omega3 0.9280950 0.9078780 0.8213754 0.8611966 0.9688680
## avevar 0.7720049 0.7354623 0.6101468 0.5916256 0.6759147
##
## $John
## task_effort outside_effort lova emotional_costs total
## alpha 0.9556452 0.9236141 0.9176680 0.9604109 0.9844272
## omega 0.9550163 0.9214908 0.9242848 0.9613103 0.9855471
## omega2 0.9550163 0.9214908 0.9242848 0.9613103 0.9855471
## omega3 0.9520864 0.9129036 0.9267584 0.9573484 0.9822467
## avevar 0.8095653 0.7468996 0.7564839 0.8070237 0.7862413
##
## $Josh
## task_effort outside_effort lova emotional_costs total
## alpha 0.9274618 0.9290560 0.8678696 0.9147688 0.9745661
## omega 0.9319334 0.9320312 0.8695199 0.9146516 0.9757223
## omega2 0.9319334 0.9320312 0.8695199 0.9146516 0.9757223
## omega3 0.9394194 0.9377218 0.8687332 0.9127874 0.9565077
## avevar 0.7340732 0.7744515 0.6265512 0.6416422 0.6897953fitmod <- '
behavioral_intentions =~
intention_use__18 +
intention_use__19
'
m8 <- cfa(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m8, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 17 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 18
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic NA
## Degrees of freedom -3
## P-value (Unknown) NA
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric NA
## John NA
## Josh NA
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) NA
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) NA
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -500.284
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) -500.284
##
## Akaike (AIC) 1036.568
## Bayesian (BIC) 1099.882
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 1042.821
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA NA
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower NA
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper NA
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 NA
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.000
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.662
## intentin_s__19 0.719 NA 0.476
## Std.all
##
## 0.840
## 0.638
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 4.833 NA 4.833 6.137
## .intentin_s__19 4.667 NA 4.667 6.261
## behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 0.183 NA 0.183 0.294
## .intentin_s__19 0.329 NA 0.329 0.593
## behavrl_ntntns 0.438 NA 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.749
## intentin_s__19 0.679 NA 0.509
## Std.all
##
## 0.858
## 0.672
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 4.608 NA 4.608 5.280
## .intentin_s__19 4.500 NA 4.500 5.944
## behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 0.201 NA 0.201 0.264
## .intentin_s__19 0.314 NA 0.314 0.549
## behavrl_ntntns 0.561 NA 1.000 1.000
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.571
## intentin_s__19 0.639 NA 0.365
## Std.all
##
## 1.009
## 0.625
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 4.646 NA 4.646 8.201
## .intentin_s__19 4.677 NA 4.677 8.000
## behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .intentin_s__18 -0.006 NA -0.006 -0.017
## .intentin_s__19 0.208 NA 0.208 0.610
## behavrl_ntntns 0.327 NA 1.000 1.000reliability(m8)## $Eric
## behavioral_intentions total
## alpha 0.6974359 0.6974359
## omega 0.7165734 0.7165734
## omega2 0.7165734 0.7165734
## omega3 0.7165734 0.7165734
## avevar 0.5648175 0.5648175
##
## $John
## behavioral_intentions total
## alpha 0.7266260 0.7266260
## omega 0.7541226 0.7541226
## omega2 0.7541226 0.7541226
## omega3 0.7541226 0.7541226
## avevar 0.6138175 0.6138175
##
## $Josh
## behavioral_intentions total
## alpha 0.7730061 0.7730061
## omega 0.8123367 0.8123367
## omega2 0.8123367 0.8123367
## omega3 0.8123367 0.8123367
## avevar 0.6941088 0.6941088fitmod <- '
# factors
subjective_norms =~
tam_subjective_norm_2 +
tam_subjective_norm_4
facilitating_conditions =~
tam_facilitating_condition_5 +
tam_facilitating_condition_13
perceived_usefulness =~
tam_perceived_usefulness_1 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_9 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_11 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_15
perceived_ease_use =~
tam_perceived_ease_use_3 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_10 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_12 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_16
computer_attitudes =~
tam_computer_attitudes_6 +
tam_computer_attitudes_7 +
tam_computer_attitudes_8 +
tam_computer_attitudes_14 +
tam_computer_attitudes_17
# regressions
computer_attitudes ~ perceived_ease_use + perceived_usefulness + subjective_norms + facilitating_conditions
perceived_ease_use ~ facilitating_conditions
perceived_usefulness ~ subjective_norms + perceived_ease_use
'
m2_1 <- sem(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site", meanstructure = T)
summary(m2_1, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 92 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 177
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 698.216
## Degrees of freedom 333
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric 301.195
## John 170.324
## Josh 226.697
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 2723.377
## Degrees of freedom 408
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.842
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.807
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -4142.686
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 8639.373
## Bayesian (BIC) 9261.962
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 8700.862
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.115
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.103
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.127
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.082
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.615
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 1.003 0.178 5.632 0.000 0.617
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.441
## tm_fclttng__13 1.770 0.367 4.827 0.000 0.781
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.552
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.257 0.167 7.536 0.000 0.693
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.935 0.180 5.200 0.000 0.516
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.700 0.136 5.137 0.000 0.386
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.446
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.776 0.345 5.155 0.000 0.791
## tm_prcvd_s__12 1.259 0.350 3.600 0.000 0.561
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.674 0.332 5.036 0.000 0.746
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.763
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.981 0.132 7.461 0.000 0.749
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.918 0.134 6.830 0.000 0.701
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.014 0.167 6.076 0.000 0.774
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.778 0.201 3.879 0.000 0.594
## Std.all
##
## 0.824
## 0.768
##
## 0.637
## 0.995
##
## 0.843
## 0.861
## 0.656
## 0.650
##
## 0.620
## 0.913
## 0.559
## 0.874
##
## 0.850
## 0.840
## 0.791
## 0.729
## 0.512
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.961 0.402 2.388 0.017 0.561 0.561
## percevd_sflnss 0.466 0.464 1.004 0.316 0.337 0.337
## subjectiv_nrms 0.402 0.408 0.985 0.325 0.324 0.324
## fclttng_cndtns -0.491 0.343 -1.430 0.153 -0.284 -0.284
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.792 0.214 3.701 0.000 0.785 0.785
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.708 0.146 4.844 0.000 0.789 0.789
## perceived_es_s 0.266 0.150 1.774 0.076 0.215 0.215
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.110 0.050 2.182 0.029 0.405 0.405
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 4.130 0.102 40.651 0.000 4.130 5.532
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.944 0.109 36.090 0.000 3.944 4.911
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.037 0.094 42.814 0.000 4.037 5.826
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.704 0.107 34.680 0.000 3.704 4.719
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.370 0.089 49.086 0.000 4.370 6.680
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.185 0.110 38.215 0.000 4.185 5.200
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 4.019 0.107 37.526 0.000 4.019 5.107
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.389 0.081 54.244 0.000 4.389 7.382
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 3.963 0.098 40.495 0.000 3.963 5.511
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.630 0.118 30.763 0.000 3.630 4.186
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.259 0.137 23.869 0.000 3.259 3.248
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.889 0.116 33.484 0.000 3.889 4.557
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.111 0.122 33.662 0.000 4.111 4.581
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.132 0.121 34.057 0.000 4.132 4.635
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.093 0.121 33.956 0.000 4.093 4.621
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.630 0.144 25.133 0.000 3.630 3.420
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.222 0.158 20.415 0.000 3.222 2.778
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.179 0.059 3.059 0.002 0.179 0.322
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.265 0.070 3.785 0.000 0.265 0.411
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.285 0.060 4.743 0.000 0.285 0.594
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.006 0.077 0.074 0.941 0.006 0.009
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.124 0.033 3.724 0.000 0.124 0.289
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.167 0.048 3.475 0.001 0.167 0.258
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.353 0.074 4.761 0.000 0.353 0.570
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.204 0.043 4.775 0.000 0.204 0.578
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.319 0.065 4.912 0.000 0.319 0.616
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.126 0.045 2.790 0.005 0.126 0.167
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.692 0.139 4.990 0.000 0.692 0.688
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.172 0.048 3.581 0.000 0.172 0.237
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.223 0.059 3.756 0.000 0.223 0.277
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.234 0.060 3.875 0.000 0.234 0.295
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.293 0.069 4.279 0.000 0.293 0.374
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.527 0.115 4.578 0.000 0.527 0.468
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.992 0.198 5.005 0.000 0.992 0.738
## subjectiv_nrms 0.378 0.112 3.374 0.001 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.195 0.078 2.488 0.013 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.068 0.036 1.903 0.057 0.223 0.223
## .perceived_es_s 0.076 0.036 2.113 0.035 0.384 0.384
## .computer_tttds 0.189 0.067 2.824 0.005 0.325 0.325
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.642
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.798 0.155 5.146 0.000 0.512
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.769
## tm_fclttng__13 0.712 0.119 6.001 0.000 0.548
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.530
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.069 0.139 7.663 0.000 0.566
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.809 0.149 5.438 0.000 0.429
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.896 0.119 7.517 0.000 0.475
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.384
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.796 0.296 6.071 0.000 0.689
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.681 0.244 2.793 0.005 0.261
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.671 0.274 6.108 0.000 0.641
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.627
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.121 0.104 10.760 0.000 0.703
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.160 0.110 10.517 0.000 0.727
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.050 0.123 8.540 0.000 0.659
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.557 0.145 3.831 0.000 0.349
## Std.all
##
## 0.855
## 0.666
##
## 0.962
## 0.642
##
## 0.728
## 0.756
## 0.524
## 0.739
##
## 0.562
## 0.787
## 0.280
## 0.798
##
## 0.772
## 0.879
## 0.861
## 0.722
## 0.345
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.838 0.216 3.879 0.000 0.513 0.513
## percevd_sflnss 0.459 0.141 3.246 0.001 0.388 0.388
## subjectiv_nrms -0.056 0.097 -0.575 0.566 -0.057 -0.057
## fclttng_cndtns 0.125 0.078 1.612 0.107 0.154 0.154
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.282 0.068 4.159 0.000 0.566 0.566
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.380 0.100 3.804 0.000 0.460 0.460
## perceived_es_s 0.601 0.162 3.707 0.000 0.435 0.435
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.211 0.055 3.850 0.000 0.428 0.428
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.885 0.066 58.997 0.000 3.885 5.174
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.908 0.067 57.933 0.000 3.908 5.081
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.008 0.070 57.190 0.000 4.008 5.016
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.457 0.075 46.174 0.000 3.457 4.050
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.315 0.064 67.615 0.000 4.315 5.930
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.169 0.066 63.492 0.000 4.169 5.569
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.930 0.072 54.794 0.000 3.930 4.806
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.171 0.056 73.997 0.000 4.171 6.490
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.254 0.060 71.024 0.000 4.254 6.229
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.900 0.077 50.776 0.000 3.900 4.453
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.109 0.082 37.955 0.000 3.109 3.329
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.891 0.070 55.262 0.000 3.891 4.847
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.069 0.071 57.134 0.000 4.069 5.011
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.039 0.070 57.533 0.000 4.039 5.046
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.172 0.074 56.300 0.000 4.172 4.938
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.543 0.080 44.286 0.000 3.543 3.884
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.211 0.089 36.172 0.000 3.211 3.172
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.152 0.072 2.115 0.034 0.152 0.270
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.329 0.061 5.430 0.000 0.329 0.557
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.047 0.077 0.616 0.538 0.047 0.074
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.429 0.066 6.481 0.000 0.429 0.588
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.249 0.040 6.273 0.000 0.249 0.469
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.240 0.040 5.938 0.000 0.240 0.428
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.485 0.065 7.475 0.000 0.485 0.725
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.187 0.030 6.154 0.000 0.187 0.454
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.319 0.043 7.369 0.000 0.319 0.685
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.292 0.053 5.503 0.000 0.292 0.381
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.804 0.101 7.937 0.000 0.804 0.922
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.234 0.044 5.292 0.000 0.234 0.363
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.266 0.038 6.948 0.000 0.266 0.404
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.146 0.027 5.467 0.000 0.146 0.228
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.185 0.032 5.859 0.000 0.185 0.259
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.398 0.055 7.246 0.000 0.398 0.478
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.902 0.113 7.963 0.000 0.902 0.881
## subjectiv_nrms 0.412 0.097 4.258 0.000 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.591 0.110 5.368 0.000 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.141 0.038 3.714 0.000 0.502 0.502
## .perceived_es_s 0.100 0.032 3.080 0.002 0.680 0.680
## .computer_tttds 0.097 0.027 3.621 0.000 0.246 0.246
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.730
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.945 0.148 6.401 0.000 0.690
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.557
## tm_fclttng__13 1.273 0.259 4.920 0.000 0.709
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.535
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.978 0.133 7.326 0.000 0.523
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.962 0.204 4.710 0.000 0.514
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 1.005 0.141 7.140 0.000 0.537
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.602
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.288 0.186 6.941 0.000 0.775
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.673 0.220 3.057 0.002 0.405
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.041 0.152 6.827 0.000 0.626
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.673
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.226 0.169 7.236 0.000 0.825
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.050 0.144 7.285 0.000 0.707
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.131 0.171 6.630 0.000 0.762
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.629 0.194 3.244 0.001 0.424
## Std.all
##
## 0.870
## 0.824
##
## 0.722
## 0.753
##
## 0.825
## 0.800
## 0.565
## 0.785
##
## 0.784
## 0.820
## 0.392
## 0.808
##
## 0.720
## 0.908
## 0.914
## 0.832
## 0.413
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.468 0.255 1.837 0.066 0.418 0.418
## percevd_sflnss 0.811 0.300 2.701 0.007 0.644 0.644
## subjectiv_nrms -0.236 0.162 -1.461 0.144 -0.256 -0.256
## fclttng_cndtns 0.079 0.257 0.307 0.759 0.065 0.065
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.826 0.192 4.314 0.000 0.764 0.764
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.324 0.095 3.420 0.001 0.442 0.442
## perceived_es_s 0.489 0.119 4.093 0.000 0.550 0.550
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.261 0.079 3.304 0.001 0.643 0.643
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.938 0.104 37.847 0.000 3.938 4.694
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.769 0.104 36.306 0.000 3.769 4.503
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.077 0.096 42.645 0.000 4.077 5.289
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.769 0.117 32.299 0.000 3.769 4.006
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.385 0.080 54.590 0.000 4.385 6.771
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.127 0.081 50.940 0.000 4.127 6.318
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.969 0.113 35.168 0.000 3.969 4.362
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.338 0.085 51.126 0.000 4.338 6.341
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.108 0.095 43.174 0.000 4.108 5.355
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.754 0.117 32.022 0.000 3.754 3.972
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.092 0.128 24.120 0.000 3.092 2.992
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.985 0.096 41.481 0.000 3.985 5.145
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 3.985 0.116 34.344 0.000 3.985 4.260
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.031 0.113 35.730 0.000 4.031 4.432
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.123 0.096 42.974 0.000 4.123 5.330
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.738 0.113 32.943 0.000 3.738 4.086
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.262 0.127 25.613 0.000 3.262 3.177
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.171 0.071 2.416 0.016 0.171 0.243
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.225 0.070 3.228 0.001 0.225 0.321
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.284 0.070 4.079 0.000 0.284 0.479
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.383 0.102 3.741 0.000 0.383 0.433
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.134 0.031 4.356 0.000 0.134 0.319
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.154 0.033 4.594 0.000 0.154 0.360
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.563 0.104 5.419 0.000 0.563 0.680
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.180 0.038 4.705 0.000 0.180 0.384
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.226 0.050 4.564 0.000 0.226 0.385
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.292 0.069 4.226 0.000 0.292 0.327
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.904 0.162 5.576 0.000 0.904 0.846
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.208 0.048 4.352 0.000 0.208 0.346
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.421 0.079 5.310 0.000 0.421 0.482
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.146 0.037 3.934 0.000 0.146 0.176
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.099 0.026 3.788 0.000 0.099 0.165
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.257 0.053 4.869 0.000 0.257 0.307
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.874 0.155 5.627 0.000 0.874 0.830
## subjectiv_nrms 0.533 0.136 3.922 0.000 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.310 0.104 2.988 0.003 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.075 0.029 2.621 0.009 0.263 0.263
## .perceived_es_s 0.151 0.058 2.588 0.010 0.416 0.416
## .computer_tttds 0.086 0.037 2.337 0.019 0.189 0.189fitmod <- '
# factors
subjective_norms =~
tam_subjective_norm_2 +
tam_subjective_norm_4
facilitating_conditions =~
tam_facilitating_condition_5 +
tam_facilitating_condition_13
perceived_usefulness =~
tam_perceived_usefulness_1 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_9 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_11 +
tam_perceived_usefulness_15
perceived_ease_use =~
tam_perceived_ease_use_3 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_10 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_12 +
tam_perceived_ease_use_16
computer_attitudes =~
tam_computer_attitudes_6 +
tam_computer_attitudes_7 +
tam_computer_attitudes_8 +
tam_computer_attitudes_14 +
tam_computer_attitudes_17
behavioral_intentions =~
intention_use__18 +
intention_use__19
# regressions
computer_attitudes ~ perceived_ease_use + perceived_usefulness + subjective_norms + facilitating_conditions
perceived_ease_use ~ facilitating_conditions
perceived_usefulness ~ subjective_norms + perceived_ease_use
behavioral_intentions ~ computer_attitudes
'
m2_2 <- sem(fitmod, data = d, group = "Site")
summary(m2_2, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 did NOT end normally after 1220 iterations
## ** WARNING ** Estimates below are most likely unreliable
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 198
##
## Number of observations per group:
## Eric 54
## John 130
## Josh 65
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic NA
## Degrees of freedom NA
## Test statistic for each group:
## Eric NA
## John NA
## Josh NA
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
##
## Group 1 [Eric]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.616
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.999 NA 0.616
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.442
## tm_fclttng__13 1.765 NA 0.780
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.552
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.256 NA 0.693
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.935 NA 0.516
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.701 NA 0.387
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.446
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.774 NA 0.791
## tm_prcvd_s__12 1.259 NA 0.561
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.674 NA 0.746
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.760
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.991 NA 0.753
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.926 NA 0.703
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.016 NA 0.772
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.772 NA 0.586
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.604
## intentin_s__19 0.868 NA 0.524
## Std.all
##
## 0.825
## 0.766
##
## 0.638
## 0.994
##
## 0.843
## 0.861
## 0.655
## 0.650
##
## 0.620
## 0.912
## 0.559
## 0.875
##
## 0.846
## 0.844
## 0.794
## 0.727
## 0.506
##
## 0.765
## 0.702
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.973 NA 0.571 0.571
## percevd_sflnss 0.452 NA 0.329 0.329
## subjectiv_nrms 0.416 NA 0.338 0.338
## fclttng_cndtns -0.507 NA -0.295 -0.295
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.792 NA 0.785 0.785
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.706 NA 0.788 0.788
## perceived_es_s 0.266 NA 0.215 0.215
## behavioral_intentions ~
## computer_tttds 0.220 NA 0.277 0.277
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.111 NA 0.407 0.407
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 4.130 NA 4.130 5.532
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.944 NA 3.944 4.911
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.037 NA 4.037 5.826
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.704 NA 3.704 4.719
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.370 NA 4.370 6.679
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.185 NA 4.185 5.200
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 4.019 NA 4.019 5.106
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.389 NA 4.389 7.381
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 3.963 NA 3.963 5.511
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.630 NA 3.630 4.186
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.259 NA 3.259 3.248
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.889 NA 3.889 4.557
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.111 NA 4.111 4.578
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.132 NA 4.132 4.630
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.093 NA 4.093 4.617
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.630 NA 3.630 3.419
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.222 NA 3.222 2.778
## .intentin_s__18 4.833 NA 4.833 6.127
## .intentin_s__19 4.667 NA 4.667 6.253
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.178 NA 0.178 0.319
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.266 NA 0.266 0.413
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.285 NA 0.285 0.593
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.007 NA 0.007 0.012
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.124 NA 0.124 0.289
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.168 NA 0.168 0.259
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.353 NA 0.353 0.570
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.204 NA 0.204 0.577
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.318 NA 0.318 0.616
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.127 NA 0.127 0.169
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.692 NA 0.692 0.687
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.171 NA 0.171 0.235
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.229 NA 0.229 0.284
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.229 NA 0.229 0.288
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.291 NA 0.291 0.370
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.531 NA 0.531 0.471
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 1.001 NA 1.001 0.744
## .intentin_s__18 0.258 NA 0.258 0.414
## .intentin_s__19 0.282 NA 0.282 0.507
## subjectiv_nrms 0.379 NA 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.195 NA 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.068 NA 0.224 0.224
## .perceived_es_s 0.076 NA 0.383 0.383
## .computer_tttds 0.183 NA 0.317 0.317
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.337 NA 0.923 0.923
##
##
## Group 2 [John]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.641
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.801 NA 0.513
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.769
## tm_fclttng__13 0.712 NA 0.547
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.530
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 1.066 NA 0.566
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.810 NA 0.429
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.896 NA 0.475
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.384
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.794 NA 0.688
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.681 NA 0.261
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.672 NA 0.642
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.626
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.126 NA 0.704
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.160 NA 0.726
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.057 NA 0.661
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.555 NA 0.347
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.083
## intentin_s__19 55.939 NA 4.618
## Std.all
##
## 0.853
## 0.667
##
## 0.963
## 0.641
##
## 0.729
## 0.755
## 0.525
## 0.739
##
## 0.562
## 0.786
## 0.280
## 0.799
##
## 0.770
## 0.880
## 0.859
## 0.725
## 0.343
##
## 0.095
## 6.100
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.839 NA 0.514 0.514
## percevd_sflnss 0.456 NA 0.386 0.386
## subjectiv_nrms -0.062 NA -0.063 -0.063
## fclttng_cndtns 0.130 NA 0.160 0.160
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.282 NA 0.565 0.565
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.381 NA 0.461 0.461
## perceived_es_s 0.601 NA 0.435 0.435
## behavioral_intentions ~
## computer_tttds 0.005 NA 0.037 0.037
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.211 NA 0.428 0.428
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.885 NA 3.885 5.174
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.908 NA 3.908 5.081
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.008 NA 4.008 5.016
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.457 NA 3.457 4.050
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.315 NA 4.315 5.930
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.169 NA 4.169 5.569
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.930 NA 3.930 4.806
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.171 NA 4.171 6.490
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.254 NA 4.254 6.229
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.900 NA 3.900 4.453
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.109 NA 3.109 3.329
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.891 NA 3.891 4.847
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 4.069 NA 4.069 5.010
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.039 NA 4.039 5.045
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.172 NA 4.172 4.936
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.543 NA 3.543 3.883
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.211 NA 3.211 3.172
## .intentin_s__18 4.608 NA 4.608 5.280
## .intentin_s__19 4.500 NA 4.500 5.944
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.153 NA 0.153 0.272
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.328 NA 0.328 0.555
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.047 NA 0.047 0.073
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.429 NA 0.429 0.589
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.248 NA 0.248 0.469
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.241 NA 0.241 0.429
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.484 NA 0.484 0.724
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.187 NA 0.187 0.453
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.319 NA 0.319 0.684
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.294 NA 0.294 0.383
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.804 NA 0.804 0.922
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.233 NA 0.233 0.361
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.268 NA 0.268 0.406
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.145 NA 0.145 0.226
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.187 NA 0.187 0.262
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.395 NA 0.395 0.475
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.904 NA 0.904 0.882
## .intentin_s__18 0.755 NA 0.755 0.991
## .intentin_s__19 -20.750 NA -20.750 -36.205
## subjectiv_nrms 0.410 NA 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.592 NA 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.141 NA 0.502 0.502
## .perceived_es_s 0.100 NA 0.680 0.680
## .computer_tttds 0.096 NA 0.244 0.244
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.007 NA 0.999 0.999
##
##
## Group 3 [Josh]:
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## subjective_norms =~
## tm_sbjctv_nr_2 1.000 0.729
## tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.946 NA 0.690
## facilitating_conditions =~
## tm_fclttng_c_5 1.000 0.556
## tm_fclttng__13 1.274 NA 0.709
## perceived_usefulness =~
## tm_prcvd_sfl_1 1.000 0.536
## tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.972 NA 0.521
## tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.956 NA 0.512
## tm_prcvd_sf_15 1.007 NA 0.539
## perceived_ease_use =~
## tm_prcvd_s_s_3 1.000 0.602
## tm_prcvd_s__10 1.287 NA 0.774
## tm_prcvd_s__12 0.674 NA 0.406
## tm_prcvd_s__16 1.042 NA 0.627
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.672
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.219 NA 0.820
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.050 NA 0.706
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.141 NA 0.767
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.627 NA 0.422
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.492
## intentin_s__19 0.860 NA 0.424
## Std.all
##
## 0.869
## 0.825
##
## 0.722
## 0.754
##
## 0.827
## 0.797
## 0.563
## 0.788
##
## 0.784
## 0.819
## 0.392
## 0.809
##
## 0.719
## 0.901
## 0.913
## 0.838
## 0.411
##
## 0.869
## 0.725
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## perceived_es_s 0.456 NA 0.408 0.408
## percevd_sflnss 0.833 NA 0.663 0.663
## subjectiv_nrms -0.221 NA -0.240 -0.240
## fclttng_cndtns 0.058 NA 0.048 0.048
## perceived_ease_use ~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.826 NA 0.764 0.764
## perceived_usefulness ~
## subjectiv_nrms 0.324 NA 0.441 0.441
## perceived_es_s 0.491 NA 0.552 0.552
## behavioral_intentions ~
## computer_tttds 0.392 NA 0.536 0.536
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## subjective_norms ~~
## fclttng_cndtns 0.261 NA 0.643 0.643
##
## Intercepts:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 3.938 NA 3.938 4.694
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 3.769 NA 3.769 4.503
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 4.077 NA 4.077 5.289
## .tm_fclttng__13 3.769 NA 3.769 4.006
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 4.385 NA 4.385 6.771
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 4.127 NA 4.127 6.318
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 3.969 NA 3.969 4.362
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 4.338 NA 4.338 6.341
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 4.108 NA 4.108 5.355
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 3.754 NA 3.754 3.972
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 3.092 NA 3.092 2.992
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 3.985 NA 3.985 5.145
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 3.985 NA 3.985 4.260
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 4.031 NA 4.031 4.431
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 4.123 NA 4.123 5.330
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 3.738 NA 3.738 4.086
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 3.262 NA 3.262 3.177
## .intentin_s__18 4.646 NA 4.646 8.204
## .intentin_s__19 4.677 NA 4.677 8.002
## subjectiv_nrms 0.000 0.000 0.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .perceived_es_s 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .computer_tttds 0.000 0.000 0.000
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.000 0.000 0.000
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_2 0.172 NA 0.172 0.244
## .tm_sbjctv_nr_4 0.224 NA 0.224 0.320
## .tm_fclttng_c_5 0.285 NA 0.285 0.479
## .tm_fclttng__13 0.382 NA 0.382 0.432
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_1 0.133 NA 0.133 0.316
## .tm_prcvd_sfl_9 0.156 NA 0.156 0.365
## .tm_prcvd_sf_11 0.566 NA 0.566 0.683
## .tm_prcvd_sf_15 0.177 NA 0.177 0.379
## .tm_prcvd_s_s_3 0.227 NA 0.227 0.385
## .tm_prcvd_s__10 0.294 NA 0.294 0.329
## .tm_prcvd_s__12 0.904 NA 0.904 0.846
## .tm_prcvd_s__16 0.207 NA 0.207 0.345
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.423 NA 0.423 0.483
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.155 NA 0.155 0.188
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.099 NA 0.099 0.166
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.249 NA 0.249 0.297
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.876 NA 0.876 0.831
## .intentin_s__18 0.078 NA 0.078 0.244
## .intentin_s__19 0.162 NA 0.162 0.475
## subjectiv_nrms 0.532 NA 1.000 1.000
## fclttng_cndtns 0.310 NA 1.000 1.000
## .percevd_sflnss 0.075 NA 0.263 0.263
## .perceived_es_s 0.151 NA 0.417 0.417
## .computer_tttds 0.082 NA 0.180 0.180
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.173 NA 0.713 0.713fitmod <- '
# factors
computer_attitudes =~
tam_computer_attitudes_6 +
tam_computer_attitudes_7 +
tam_computer_attitudes_8 +
tam_computer_attitudes_14 +
tam_computer_attitudes_17
expectancy =~
expectancy_success__20 +
expectancy_success__21 +
expectancy_success__22 +
expectancy_success__23 +
expectancy_success__24 +
expectancy_success__25
attainment =~
task_value_attainment_value_27 +
task_value_attainment_value_31 +
task_value_attainment_value_33 +
task_value_attainment_value_36 +
task_value_attainment_value_38
interest =~
task_value_interest_value_29 +
task_value_interest_value_32 +
task_value_interest_value_37 +
task_value_interest_value_40
utility =~
task_value_utility_value_28 +
task_value_utility_value_30 +
task_value_utility_value_34 +
task_value_utility_value_35 +
task_value_utility_value_39
task_effort =~
full_cost_task_effort_cost_42 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_45 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_46 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_51 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_57
outside_effort =~
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_44 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_47 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_50 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_52
lova =~
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_43 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_49 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_53 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_56
emotional_costs =~
full_cost_emotional_cost_41 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_48 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_54 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_55 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_58 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_59
behavioral_intentions =~
intention_use__18 +
intention_use__19
# regressions
expectancy ~ computer_attitudes
attainment ~ computer_attitudes
interest ~ computer_attitudes
utility ~ computer_attitudes
task_effort ~ computer_attitudes
outside_effort ~ computer_attitudes
lova ~ computer_attitudes
emotional_costs ~ computer_attitudes
behavioral_intentions ~
expectancy +
attainment +
interest +
utility +
task_effort +
outside_effort +
lova +
emotional_costs
'
m2_3 <- sem(fitmod, data = d)
summary(m2_3, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 80 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 108
##
## Number of observations 249
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 3805.351
## Degrees of freedom 973
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 11812.654
## Degrees of freedom 1035
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.737
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.720
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -13888.129
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 27992.258
## Bayesian (BIC) 28372.142
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 28029.777
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.108
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.105
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.112
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.167
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.622
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.076 0.088 12.184 0.000 0.669
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.010 0.087 11.622 0.000 0.629
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.151 0.099 11.658 0.000 0.716
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.647 0.110 5.861 0.000 0.402
## expectancy =~
## expctncy_s__20 1.000 0.488
## expctncy_s__21 1.164 0.128 9.079 0.000 0.568
## expctncy_s__22 0.966 0.108 8.960 0.000 0.472
## expctncy_s__23 0.148 0.127 1.161 0.246 0.072
## expctncy_s__24 1.507 0.145 10.365 0.000 0.736
## expctncy_s__25 1.591 0.152 10.476 0.000 0.777
## attainment =~
## tsk_vl_ttn__27 1.000 0.773
## tsk_vl_ttn__31 1.254 0.088 14.322 0.000 0.969
## tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.738 0.076 9.692 0.000 0.570
## tsk_vl_ttn__36 1.254 0.087 14.434 0.000 0.969
## tsk_vl_ttn__38 1.011 0.078 12.914 0.000 0.781
## interest =~
## tsk_vl_ntr__29 1.000 0.790
## tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.884 0.066 13.460 0.000 0.698
## tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.976 0.069 14.181 0.000 0.770
## tsk_vl_ntr__40 1.089 0.077 14.195 0.000 0.860
## utility =~
## tsk_vl_tlt__28 1.000 0.550
## tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.993 0.096 10.372 0.000 0.547
## tsk_vl_tlt__34 1.149 0.098 11.691 0.000 0.633
## tsk_vl_tlt__35 1.055 0.092 11.453 0.000 0.581
## tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.860 0.091 9.470 0.000 0.473
## task_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___42 1.000 1.564
## fll_cst_t___45 1.070 0.040 26.969 0.000 1.673
## fll_cst_t___46 1.044 0.037 28.280 0.000 1.633
## fll_cst_t___51 0.838 0.051 16.461 0.000 1.311
## fll_cst_t___57 0.897 0.043 21.102 0.000 1.403
## outside_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___44 1.000 1.293
## fll_cst_t___47 1.167 0.073 15.901 0.000 1.509
## fll_cst_t___50 1.156 0.069 16.753 0.000 1.494
## fll_cst_t___52 1.150 0.070 16.457 0.000 1.487
## lova =~
## fll_cst_l___43 1.000 1.145
## fll_cst_l___49 1.292 0.101 12.785 0.000 1.479
## fll_cst_l___53 1.336 0.105 12.736 0.000 1.530
## fll_cst_l___56 1.257 0.100 12.524 0.000 1.439
## emotional_costs =~
## fll_cst_mt__41 1.000 1.326
## fll_cst_mt__48 1.095 0.083 13.189 0.000 1.452
## fll_cst_mt__54 1.171 0.086 13.632 0.000 1.553
## fll_cst_mt__55 1.218 0.089 13.763 0.000 1.615
## fll_cst_mt__58 1.151 0.084 13.678 0.000 1.526
## fll_cst_mt__59 1.235 0.093 13.310 0.000 1.637
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.436
## intentin_s__19 1.749 0.507 3.453 0.001 0.762
## Std.all
##
## 0.722
## 0.789
## 0.753
## 0.756
## 0.384
##
## 0.697
## 0.651
## 0.642
## 0.080
## 0.761
## 0.771
##
## 0.799
## 0.829
## 0.601
## 0.834
## 0.763
##
## 0.743
## 0.835
## 0.876
## 0.877
##
## 0.660
## 0.754
## 0.882
## 0.855
## 0.677
##
## 0.924
## 0.933
## 0.947
## 0.766
## 0.858
##
## 0.795
## 0.873
## 0.908
## 0.896
##
## 0.684
## 0.898
## 0.894
## 0.876
##
## 0.700
## 0.871
## 0.901
## 0.910
## 0.904
## 0.879
##
## 0.550
## 1.051
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## expectancy ~
## computer_tttds 0.442 0.063 6.987 0.000 0.563 0.563
## attainment ~
## computer_tttds 0.931 0.095 9.751 0.000 0.750 0.750
## interest ~
## computer_tttds 1.125 0.107 10.548 0.000 0.887 0.887
## utility ~
## computer_tttds 0.564 0.073 7.683 0.000 0.638 0.638
## task_effort ~
## computer_tttds -1.596 0.171 -9.330 0.000 -0.635 -0.635
## outside_effort ~
## computer_tttds -1.340 0.154 -8.711 0.000 -0.645 -0.645
## lova ~
## computer_tttds -1.289 0.152 -8.470 0.000 -0.701 -0.701
## emotional_costs ~
## computer_tttds -1.437 0.170 -8.475 0.000 -0.674 -0.674
## behavioral_intentions ~
## expectancy 0.041 0.069 0.604 0.546 0.046 0.046
## attainment -0.104 0.060 -1.726 0.084 -0.184 -0.184
## interest 0.106 0.071 1.504 0.133 0.193 0.193
## utility 0.143 0.076 1.892 0.059 0.181 0.181
## task_effort -0.000 0.020 -0.004 0.997 -0.000 -0.000
## outside_effort -0.039 0.028 -1.368 0.171 -0.114 -0.114
## lova 0.035 0.033 1.070 0.285 0.093 0.093
## emotional_csts -0.027 0.027 -1.019 0.308 -0.083 -0.083
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.357 0.035 10.212 0.000 0.357 0.479
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.272 0.028 9.720 0.000 0.272 0.378
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.301 0.030 10.014 0.000 0.301 0.433
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.386 0.039 9.998 0.000 0.386 0.429
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.936 0.085 11.008 0.000 0.936 0.853
## .expctncy_s__20 0.252 0.027 9.247 0.000 0.252 0.514
## .expctncy_s__21 0.438 0.045 9.674 0.000 0.438 0.576
## .expctncy_s__22 0.317 0.033 9.748 0.000 0.317 0.588
## .expctncy_s__23 0.810 0.073 11.145 0.000 0.810 0.994
## .expctncy_s__24 0.395 0.047 8.365 0.000 0.395 0.422
## .expctncy_s__25 0.412 0.050 8.171 0.000 0.412 0.405
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 0.339 0.038 8.995 0.000 0.339 0.362
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 0.428 0.051 8.453 0.000 0.428 0.313
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.576 0.055 10.476 0.000 0.576 0.639
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 0.411 0.049 8.340 0.000 0.411 0.304
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.437 0.046 9.454 0.000 0.437 0.418
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 0.505 0.050 10.062 0.000 0.505 0.447
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.211 0.023 9.081 0.000 0.211 0.302
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.179 0.022 8.157 0.000 0.179 0.232
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.222 0.027 8.133 0.000 0.222 0.231
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 0.392 0.038 10.265 0.000 0.392 0.564
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.226 0.024 9.613 0.000 0.226 0.431
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 0.114 0.016 6.974 0.000 0.114 0.222
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.124 0.016 7.857 0.000 0.124 0.268
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.264 0.026 10.177 0.000 0.264 0.541
## .fll_cst_t___42 0.418 0.049 8.528 0.000 0.418 0.146
## .fll_cst_t___45 0.414 0.051 8.104 0.000 0.414 0.129
## .fll_cst_t___46 0.309 0.043 7.280 0.000 0.309 0.104
## .fll_cst_t___51 1.213 0.115 10.544 0.000 1.213 0.414
## .fll_cst_t___57 0.707 0.071 9.938 0.000 0.707 0.264
## .fll_cst_t___44 0.971 0.099 9.782 0.000 0.971 0.367
## .fll_cst_t___47 0.709 0.083 8.530 0.000 0.709 0.237
## .fll_cst_t___50 0.476 0.065 7.298 0.000 0.476 0.176
## .fll_cst_t___52 0.546 0.070 7.812 0.000 0.546 0.198
## .fll_cst_l___43 1.492 0.143 10.402 0.000 1.492 0.532
## .fll_cst_l___49 0.524 0.071 7.392 0.000 0.524 0.193
## .fll_cst_l___53 0.589 0.078 7.574 0.000 0.589 0.201
## .fll_cst_l___56 0.630 0.077 8.208 0.000 0.630 0.233
## .fll_cst_mt__41 1.827 0.171 10.665 0.000 1.827 0.510
## .fll_cst_mt__48 0.674 0.071 9.535 0.000 0.674 0.242
## .fll_cst_mt__54 0.557 0.063 8.902 0.000 0.557 0.188
## .fll_cst_mt__55 0.539 0.062 8.630 0.000 0.539 0.171
## .fll_cst_mt__58 0.518 0.059 8.812 0.000 0.518 0.182
## .fll_cst_mt__59 0.790 0.084 9.395 0.000 0.790 0.228
## .intentin_s__18 0.437 0.065 6.743 0.000 0.437 0.697
## .intentin_s__19 -0.055 0.158 -0.348 0.728 -0.055 -0.105
## computer_tttds 0.387 0.060 6.436 0.000 1.000 1.000
## .expectancy 0.163 0.029 5.615 0.000 0.683 0.683
## .attainment 0.261 0.041 6.452 0.000 0.438 0.438
## .interest 0.133 0.026 5.033 0.000 0.214 0.214
## .utility 0.180 0.033 5.445 0.000 0.593 0.593
## .task_effort 1.460 0.162 8.992 0.000 0.597 0.597
## .outside_effort 0.976 0.139 7.040 0.000 0.584 0.584
## .lova 0.667 0.117 5.695 0.000 0.509 0.509
## .emotional_csts 0.958 0.159 6.033 0.000 0.545 0.545
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.168 0.053 3.179 0.001 0.883 0.883fitmod <- '
# factors
computer_attitudes =~
tam_computer_attitudes_6 +
tam_computer_attitudes_7 +
tam_computer_attitudes_8 +
tam_computer_attitudes_14 +
tam_computer_attitudes_17
expectancy =~
expectancy_success__20 +
expectancy_success__21 +
expectancy_success__22 +
expectancy_success__23 +
expectancy_success__24 +
expectancy_success__25
attainment =~
task_value_attainment_value_27 +
task_value_attainment_value_31 +
task_value_attainment_value_33 +
task_value_attainment_value_36 +
task_value_attainment_value_38
interest =~
task_value_interest_value_29 +
task_value_interest_value_32 +
task_value_interest_value_37 +
task_value_interest_value_40
utility =~
task_value_utility_value_28 +
task_value_utility_value_30 +
task_value_utility_value_34 +
task_value_utility_value_35 +
task_value_utility_value_39
task_effort =~
full_cost_task_effort_cost_42 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_45 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_46 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_51 +
full_cost_task_effort_cost_57
outside_effort =~
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_44 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_47 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_50 +
full_cost_outside_effort_cost_52
lova =~
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_43 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_49 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_53 +
full_cost_loss_valued_alternatives_56
emotional_costs =~
full_cost_emotional_cost_41 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_48 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_54 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_55 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_58 +
full_cost_emotional_cost_59
behavioral_intentions =~
intention_use__18 +
intention_use__19
# regressions
computer_attitudes ~ expectancy
computer_attitudes ~ attainment
computer_attitudes ~ interest
computer_attitudes ~ utility
computer_attitudes ~ task_effort
computer_attitudes ~ outside_effort
computer_attitudes ~ lova
computer_attitudes ~ emotional_costs
behavioral_intentions ~ expectancy
behavioral_intentions ~ attainment
behavioral_intentions ~ interest
behavioral_intentions ~ utility
behavioral_intentions ~ task_effort
behavioral_intentions ~ outside_effort
behavioral_intentions ~ lova
behavioral_intentions ~ emotional_costs
behavioral_intentions ~ computer_attitudes
'
m2_4 <- sem(fitmod, data = d)
summary(m2_4, fit.measures = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)## lavaan 0.6-5 ended normally after 155 iterations
##
## Estimator ML
## Optimization method NLMINB
## Number of free parameters 137
##
## Number of observations 249
##
## Model Test User Model:
##
## Test statistic 2460.010
## Degrees of freedom 944
## P-value (Chi-square) 0.000
##
## Model Test Baseline Model:
##
## Test statistic 11812.654
## Degrees of freedom 1035
## P-value 0.000
##
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
##
## Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.859
## Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.846
##
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
##
## Loglikelihood user model (H0) -13215.458
## Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1) NA
##
## Akaike (AIC) 26704.917
## Bayesian (BIC) 27186.808
## Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC) 26752.511
##
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
##
## RMSEA 0.080
## 90 Percent confidence interval - lower 0.076
## 90 Percent confidence interval - upper 0.084
## P-value RMSEA <= 0.05 0.000
##
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
##
## SRMR 0.067
##
## Parameter Estimates:
##
## Information Expected
## Information saturated (h1) model Structured
## Standard errors Standard
##
## Latent Variables:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv
## computer_attitudes =~
## tm_cmptr_ttt_6 1.000 0.673
## tm_cmptr_ttt_7 1.117 0.073 15.405 0.000 0.752
## tm_cmptr_ttt_8 1.033 0.072 14.291 0.000 0.695
## tm_cmptr_tt_14 1.054 0.084 12.531 0.000 0.710
## tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.640 0.100 6.405 0.000 0.431
## expectancy =~
## expctncy_s__20 1.000 0.491
## expctncy_s__21 1.142 0.126 9.063 0.000 0.561
## expctncy_s__22 0.941 0.106 8.880 0.000 0.462
## expctncy_s__23 0.158 0.126 1.251 0.211 0.077
## expctncy_s__24 1.491 0.142 10.464 0.000 0.732
## expctncy_s__25 1.613 0.150 10.787 0.000 0.792
## attainment =~
## tsk_vl_ttn__27 1.000 0.772
## tsk_vl_ttn__31 1.242 0.087 14.238 0.000 0.958
## tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.762 0.076 10.087 0.000 0.588
## tsk_vl_ttn__36 1.241 0.087 14.336 0.000 0.958
## tsk_vl_ttn__38 1.027 0.078 13.244 0.000 0.793
## interest =~
## tsk_vl_ntr__29 1.000 0.805
## tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.863 0.062 13.934 0.000 0.695
## tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.947 0.065 14.645 0.000 0.763
## tsk_vl_ntr__40 1.072 0.072 14.894 0.000 0.863
## utility =~
## tsk_vl_tlt__28 1.000 0.566
## tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.968 0.090 10.745 0.000 0.548
## tsk_vl_tlt__34 1.111 0.091 12.158 0.000 0.629
## tsk_vl_tlt__35 1.010 0.086 11.788 0.000 0.572
## tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.847 0.086 9.859 0.000 0.480
## task_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___42 1.000 1.575
## fll_cst_t___45 1.010 0.042 23.866 0.000 1.591
## fll_cst_t___46 1.004 0.038 26.452 0.000 1.581
## fll_cst_t___51 0.885 0.046 19.092 0.000 1.393
## fll_cst_t___57 0.939 0.037 25.232 0.000 1.478
## outside_effort =~
## fll_cst_t___44 1.000 1.260
## fll_cst_t___47 1.163 0.076 15.233 0.000 1.466
## fll_cst_t___50 1.191 0.071 16.786 0.000 1.500
## fll_cst_t___52 1.210 0.071 16.950 0.000 1.524
## lova =~
## fll_cst_l___43 1.000 1.186
## fll_cst_l___49 1.192 0.089 13.338 0.000 1.413
## fll_cst_l___53 1.227 0.093 13.217 0.000 1.456
## fll_cst_l___56 1.279 0.089 14.339 0.000 1.517
## emotional_costs =~
## fll_cst_mt__41 1.000 1.311
## fll_cst_mt__48 1.124 0.085 13.258 0.000 1.473
## fll_cst_mt__54 1.169 0.088 13.348 0.000 1.532
## fll_cst_mt__55 1.209 0.090 13.402 0.000 1.585
## fll_cst_mt__58 1.186 0.086 13.788 0.000 1.554
## fll_cst_mt__59 1.247 0.095 13.181 0.000 1.634
## behavioral_intentions =~
## intentin_s__18 1.000 0.438
## intentin_s__19 1.705 0.517 3.300 0.001 0.746
## Std.all
##
## 0.781
## 0.886
## 0.833
## 0.749
## 0.411
##
## 0.701
## 0.643
## 0.629
## 0.086
## 0.756
## 0.786
##
## 0.798
## 0.820
## 0.619
## 0.824
## 0.775
##
## 0.758
## 0.832
## 0.868
## 0.880
##
## 0.679
## 0.756
## 0.877
## 0.843
## 0.687
##
## 0.930
## 0.887
## 0.917
## 0.814
## 0.903
##
## 0.775
## 0.848
## 0.912
## 0.918
##
## 0.709
## 0.858
## 0.851
## 0.923
##
## 0.692
## 0.883
## 0.889
## 0.893
## 0.921
## 0.877
##
## 0.554
## 1.039
##
## Regressions:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## computer_attitudes ~
## expectancy -0.070 0.092 -0.754 0.451 -0.051 -0.051
## attainment -0.092 0.091 -1.013 0.311 -0.106 -0.106
## interest 0.874 0.115 7.612 0.000 1.045 1.045
## utility -0.170 0.095 -1.784 0.074 -0.143 -0.143
## task_effort 0.183 0.287 0.636 0.525 0.427 0.427
## outside_effort -0.206 0.392 -0.526 0.599 -0.386 -0.386
## lova 0.145 0.245 0.592 0.554 0.256 0.256
## emotional_csts -0.213 0.170 -1.253 0.210 -0.415 -0.415
## behavioral_intentions ~
## expectancy 0.055 0.086 0.638 0.523 0.062 0.062
## attainment -0.136 0.095 -1.440 0.150 -0.240 -0.240
## interest 0.063 0.156 0.407 0.684 0.117 0.117
## utility 0.169 0.105 1.606 0.108 0.218 0.218
## task_effort -0.213 0.266 -0.800 0.423 -0.767 -0.767
## outside_effort 0.263 0.364 0.723 0.470 0.758 0.758
## lova -0.096 0.228 -0.420 0.675 -0.259 -0.259
## emotional_csts 0.053 0.155 0.340 0.734 0.158 0.158
## computer_tttds 0.051 0.131 0.385 0.701 0.078 0.078
##
## Covariances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## expectancy ~~
## attainment 0.216 0.035 6.100 0.000 0.571 0.571
## interest 0.219 0.037 5.952 0.000 0.554 0.554
## utility 0.159 0.027 5.831 0.000 0.570 0.570
## task_effort -0.269 0.060 -4.475 0.000 -0.348 -0.348
## outside_effort -0.228 0.050 -4.548 0.000 -0.369 -0.369
## lova -0.234 0.049 -4.763 0.000 -0.402 -0.402
## emotional_csts -0.233 0.053 -4.444 0.000 -0.363 -0.363
## attainment ~~
## interest 0.511 0.065 7.858 0.000 0.823 0.823
## utility 0.292 0.043 6.723 0.000 0.668 0.668
## task_effort -0.394 0.089 -4.407 0.000 -0.324 -0.324
## outside_effort -0.316 0.074 -4.295 0.000 -0.325 -0.325
## lova -0.364 0.074 -4.957 0.000 -0.398 -0.398
## emotional_csts -0.363 0.079 -4.603 0.000 -0.359 -0.359
## interest ~~
## utility 0.320 0.047 6.813 0.000 0.702 0.702
## task_effort -0.513 0.097 -5.314 0.000 -0.405 -0.405
## outside_effort -0.411 0.080 -5.129 0.000 -0.405 -0.405
## lova -0.463 0.081 -5.689 0.000 -0.485 -0.485
## emotional_csts -0.467 0.087 -5.365 0.000 -0.442 -0.442
## utility ~~
## task_effort -0.315 0.068 -4.625 0.000 -0.353 -0.353
## outside_effort -0.261 0.057 -4.611 0.000 -0.365 -0.365
## lova -0.255 0.055 -4.650 0.000 -0.379 -0.379
## emotional_csts -0.244 0.058 -4.204 0.000 -0.328 -0.328
## task_effort ~~
## outside_effort 1.984 0.212 9.368 0.000 1.000 1.000
## lova 1.767 0.204 8.659 0.000 0.946 0.946
## emotional_csts 1.961 0.229 8.557 0.000 0.950 0.950
## outside_effort ~~
## lova 1.452 0.179 8.120 0.000 0.971 0.971
## emotional_csts 1.545 0.195 7.930 0.000 0.935 0.935
## lova ~~
## emotional_csts 1.497 0.195 7.663 0.000 0.963 0.963
##
## Variances:
## Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|) Std.lv Std.all
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_6 0.290 0.030 9.614 0.000 0.290 0.390
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_7 0.155 0.021 7.493 0.000 0.155 0.215
## .tm_cmptr_ttt_8 0.213 0.024 8.890 0.000 0.213 0.306
## .tm_cmptr_tt_14 0.394 0.040 9.901 0.000 0.394 0.439
## .tm_cmptr_tt_17 0.913 0.083 10.961 0.000 0.913 0.831
## .expctncy_s__20 0.250 0.027 9.306 0.000 0.250 0.509
## .expctncy_s__21 0.447 0.046 9.814 0.000 0.447 0.587
## .expctncy_s__22 0.327 0.033 9.912 0.000 0.327 0.605
## .expctncy_s__23 0.809 0.073 11.144 0.000 0.809 0.993
## .expctncy_s__24 0.401 0.047 8.577 0.000 0.401 0.428
## .expctncy_s__25 0.389 0.048 8.041 0.000 0.389 0.383
## .tsk_vl_ttn__27 0.340 0.037 9.179 0.000 0.340 0.364
## .tsk_vl_ttn__31 0.448 0.051 8.831 0.000 0.448 0.328
## .tsk_vl_ttn__33 0.555 0.053 10.463 0.000 0.555 0.616
## .tsk_vl_ttn__36 0.433 0.049 8.752 0.000 0.433 0.321
## .tsk_vl_ttn__38 0.419 0.044 9.464 0.000 0.419 0.400
## .tsk_vl_ntr__29 0.480 0.047 10.169 0.000 0.480 0.425
## .tsk_vl_ntr__32 0.214 0.023 9.487 0.000 0.214 0.307
## .tsk_vl_ntr__37 0.191 0.022 8.871 0.000 0.191 0.247
## .tsk_vl_ntr__40 0.216 0.025 8.566 0.000 0.216 0.225
## .tsk_vl_tlt__28 0.375 0.037 10.198 0.000 0.375 0.539
## .tsk_vl_tlt__30 0.225 0.023 9.648 0.000 0.225 0.428
## .tsk_vl_tlt__34 0.119 0.016 7.342 0.000 0.119 0.231
## .tsk_vl_tlt__35 0.134 0.016 8.334 0.000 0.134 0.290
## .tsk_vl_tlt__39 0.258 0.025 10.157 0.000 0.258 0.528
## .fll_cst_t___42 0.385 0.041 9.429 0.000 0.385 0.134
## .fll_cst_t___45 0.684 0.067 10.206 0.000 0.684 0.213
## .fll_cst_t___46 0.476 0.049 9.776 0.000 0.476 0.160
## .fll_cst_t___51 0.991 0.093 10.667 0.000 0.991 0.338
## .fll_cst_t___57 0.492 0.049 10.003 0.000 0.492 0.184
## .fll_cst_t___44 1.055 0.097 10.828 0.000 1.055 0.399
## .fll_cst_t___47 0.836 0.079 10.542 0.000 0.836 0.280
## .fll_cst_t___50 0.457 0.047 9.754 0.000 0.457 0.169
## .fll_cst_t___52 0.433 0.045 9.584 0.000 0.433 0.157
## .fll_cst_l___43 1.396 0.130 10.762 0.000 1.396 0.498
## .fll_cst_l___49 0.713 0.071 9.979 0.000 0.713 0.263
## .fll_cst_l___53 0.809 0.080 10.064 0.000 0.809 0.276
## .fll_cst_l___56 0.399 0.047 8.415 0.000 0.399 0.148
## .fll_cst_mt__41 1.866 0.172 10.833 0.000 1.866 0.521
## .fll_cst_mt__48 0.613 0.062 9.890 0.000 0.613 0.220
## .fll_cst_mt__54 0.620 0.063 9.798 0.000 0.620 0.209
## .fll_cst_mt__55 0.636 0.065 9.739 0.000 0.636 0.202
## .fll_cst_mt__58 0.431 0.047 9.128 0.000 0.431 0.152
## .fll_cst_mt__59 0.798 0.080 9.960 0.000 0.798 0.230
## .intentin_s__18 0.432 0.067 6.428 0.000 0.432 0.693
## .intentin_s__19 -0.041 0.160 -0.255 0.799 -0.041 -0.079
## .computer_tttds 0.094 0.021 4.412 0.000 0.207 0.207
## expectancy 0.241 0.041 5.925 0.000 1.000 1.000
## attainment 0.595 0.081 7.357 0.000 1.000 1.000
## interest 0.648 0.094 6.929 0.000 1.000 1.000
## utility 0.321 0.055 5.877 0.000 1.000 1.000
## task_effort 2.480 0.255 9.711 0.000 1.000 1.000
## outside_effort 1.588 0.218 7.269 0.000 1.000 1.000
## lova 1.407 0.221 6.381 0.000 1.000 1.000
## emotional_csts 1.718 0.277 6.195 0.000 1.000 1.000
## .behavrl_ntntns 0.174 0.058 3.004 0.003 0.907 0.907