Summary

The model that we developed to show housing prices of Ames, Iowa inluded the variables that were integers. The main variables that we included were neighborhood, half bathroom, lot area, and living area. This model is able to judge the variables that go into determining the price a house will be sold at.

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = SalePrice ~ PID + log(Lot.Area) + Street + Lot.Shape + 
##     Land.Contour + Lot.Config + Land.Slope + Neighborhood + Condition.1 + 
##     Bldg.Type + House.Style + Overall.Qual + Year.Built + Year.Remod.Add + 
##     Roof.Style + Foundation + Heating + Heating.QC + Central.Air + 
##     X1st.Flr.SF + X2nd.Flr.SF + Low.Qual.Fin.SF + log(Gr.Liv.Area) + 
##     Full.Bath + Half.Bath + Bedroom.AbvGr + Kitchen.AbvGr + Kitchen.Qual + 
##     log(TotRms.AbvGrd) + Functional + Fireplaces + Wood.Deck.SF + 
##     Open.Porch.SF + X3Ssn.Porch + Screen.Porch + Pool.Area + 
##     Mo.Sold + Yr.Sold + Sale.Type + Sale.Condition, data = Train)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -352858  -13085    -548   11846  233676 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)            2.282e+05  9.832e+05   0.232 0.816511    
## PID                    3.972e-06  9.499e-06   0.418 0.675850    
## log(Lot.Area)          1.442e+04  2.441e+03   5.910 3.99e-09 ***
## StreetPave             1.656e+04  9.947e+03   1.665 0.096074 .  
## Lot.ShapeIR2           5.652e+03  4.371e+03   1.293 0.196172    
## Lot.ShapeIR3          -3.519e+04  9.590e+03  -3.669 0.000249 ***
## Lot.ShapeReg           1.091e+03  1.567e+03   0.696 0.486589    
## Land.ContourHLS        2.731e+04  4.835e+03   5.650 1.83e-08 ***
## Land.ContourLow        1.766e+04  6.241e+03   2.829 0.004710 ** 
## Land.ContourLvl        1.656e+04  3.456e+03   4.790 1.79e-06 ***
## Lot.ConfigCulDSac      6.762e+03  3.101e+03   2.181 0.029312 *  
## Lot.ConfigFR2         -5.352e+03  4.187e+03  -1.278 0.201283    
## Lot.ConfigFR3          6.291e+03  1.035e+04   0.608 0.543377    
## Lot.ConfigInside      -4.212e+01  1.694e+03  -0.025 0.980171    
## Land.SlopeMod          1.443e+04  3.706e+03   3.893 0.000102 ***
## Land.SlopeSev          7.366e+03  1.049e+04   0.702 0.482796    
## NeighborhoodBlueste    2.054e+04  1.344e+04   1.529 0.126485    
## NeighborhoodBrDale     1.673e+04  9.499e+03   1.761 0.078421 .  
## NeighborhoodBrkSide   -4.680e+03  8.628e+03  -0.542 0.587560    
## NeighborhoodClearCr   -8.246e+03  9.561e+03  -0.862 0.388582    
## NeighborhoodCollgCr   -9.219e+03  7.982e+03  -1.155 0.248254    
## NeighborhoodCrawfor    8.249e+03  8.692e+03   0.949 0.342700    
## NeighborhoodEdwards   -2.044e+04  8.289e+03  -2.466 0.013760 *  
## NeighborhoodGilbert   -1.971e+04  7.497e+03  -2.629 0.008627 ** 
## NeighborhoodGreens     1.587e+04  1.471e+04   1.078 0.281027    
## NeighborhoodGrnHill    1.246e+05  2.936e+04   4.244 2.30e-05 ***
## NeighborhoodIDOTRR    -1.405e+04  9.100e+03  -1.544 0.122801    
## NeighborhoodLandmrk    6.120e+03  2.969e+04   0.206 0.836705    
## NeighborhoodMeadowV    1.130e+04  9.655e+03   1.171 0.241771    
## NeighborhoodMitchel   -1.485e+04  8.554e+03  -1.736 0.082692 .  
## NeighborhoodNAmes     -9.092e+03  7.383e+03  -1.232 0.218252    
## NeighborhoodNoRidge    4.212e+04  8.007e+03   5.260 1.59e-07 ***
## NeighborhoodNPkVill    1.593e+04  9.547e+03   1.668 0.095436 .  
## NeighborhoodNridgHt    3.563e+04  7.195e+03   4.952 7.95e-07 ***
## NeighborhoodNWAmes    -1.624e+04  7.643e+03  -2.125 0.033719 *  
## NeighborhoodOldTown   -1.341e+04  8.388e+03  -1.598 0.110182    
## NeighborhoodSawyer    -8.081e+03  8.230e+03  -0.982 0.326275    
## NeighborhoodSawyerW   -1.439e+04  7.564e+03  -1.903 0.057201 .  
## NeighborhoodSomerst    1.201e+04  7.049e+03   1.703 0.088638 .  
## NeighborhoodStoneBr    3.874e+04  8.146e+03   4.756 2.12e-06 ***
## NeighborhoodSWISU     -8.995e+03  9.534e+03  -0.943 0.345545    
## NeighborhoodTimber     6.908e+02  8.846e+03   0.078 0.937768    
## NeighborhoodVeenker    1.250e+04  1.049e+04   1.192 0.233522    
## Condition.1Feedr      -1.698e+03  4.680e+03  -0.363 0.716775    
## Condition.1Norm        8.621e+03  3.851e+03   2.239 0.025269 *  
## Condition.1PosA        2.825e+04  8.257e+03   3.421 0.000635 ***
## Condition.1PosN        1.461e+04  6.585e+03   2.219 0.026619 *  
## Condition.1RRAe       -3.858e+03  7.800e+03  -0.495 0.620944    
## Condition.1RRAn        1.017e+04  6.140e+03   1.657 0.097734 .  
## Condition.1RRNe       -3.567e+03  1.266e+04  -0.282 0.778062    
## Condition.1RRNn       -5.726e+03  1.094e+04  -0.523 0.600819    
## Bldg.Type2fmCon        1.015e+02  5.361e+03   0.019 0.984895    
## Bldg.TypeDuplex        6.226e+02  6.312e+03   0.099 0.921437    
## Bldg.TypeTwnhs        -2.666e+04  5.492e+03  -4.854 1.30e-06 ***
## Bldg.TypeTwnhsE       -2.279e+04  3.516e+03  -6.480 1.14e-10 ***
## House.Style1.5Unf      8.829e+03  7.953e+03   1.110 0.267066    
## House.Style1Story      1.164e+04  3.636e+03   3.201 0.001391 ** 
## House.Style2.5Fin     -1.448e+04  1.451e+04  -0.998 0.318410    
## House.Style2.5Unf     -7.343e+03  7.663e+03  -0.958 0.338037    
## House.Style2Story     -6.144e+03  3.006e+03  -2.044 0.041085 *  
## House.StyleSFoyer      2.098e+04  5.333e+03   3.933 8.66e-05 ***
## House.StyleSLvl        1.886e+03  4.071e+03   0.463 0.643197    
## Overall.Qual           1.185e+04  8.858e+02  13.379  < 2e-16 ***
## Year.Built             2.750e+02  5.610e+01   4.902 1.02e-06 ***
## Year.Remod.Add         1.849e+02  4.679e+01   3.952 8.00e-05 ***
## Roof.StyleGable        1.489e+04  8.196e+03   1.816 0.069463 .  
## Roof.StyleGambrel      1.836e+04  1.064e+04   1.725 0.084615 .  
## Roof.StyleHip          2.014e+04  8.270e+03   2.435 0.014970 *  
## Roof.StyleMansard      6.785e+03  1.316e+04   0.516 0.606094    
## Roof.StyleShed         3.446e+02  1.550e+04   0.022 0.982265    
## FoundationCBlock      -1.006e+03  2.839e+03  -0.355 0.722951    
## FoundationPConc        1.594e+03  3.152e+03   0.506 0.613155    
## FoundationSlab        -1.622e+04  6.054e+03  -2.679 0.007439 ** 
## FoundationStone        1.272e+04  1.047e+04   1.215 0.224393    
## FoundationWood        -9.718e+03  1.486e+04  -0.654 0.513235    
## HeatingGasA           -4.047e+03  2.895e+04  -0.140 0.888836    
## HeatingGasW            4.147e+03  2.957e+04   0.140 0.888491    
## HeatingGrav           -1.475e+04  3.107e+04  -0.475 0.635093    
## HeatingOthW           -5.044e+04  3.578e+04  -1.410 0.158780    
## HeatingWall            2.304e+04  3.574e+04   0.645 0.519208    
## Heating.QCFa          -5.084e+03  4.028e+03  -1.262 0.206955    
## Heating.QCGd          -2.885e+03  1.941e+03  -1.486 0.137321    
## Heating.QCPo          -3.766e+03  2.118e+04  -0.178 0.858886    
## Heating.QCTA          -3.971e+03  1.866e+03  -2.128 0.033483 *  
## Central.AirY           2.888e+03  3.221e+03   0.897 0.370057    
## X1st.Flr.SF            6.091e+01  6.754e+00   9.018  < 2e-16 ***
## X2nd.Flr.SF            6.221e+01  6.387e+00   9.740  < 2e-16 ***
## Low.Qual.Fin.SF        4.286e+01  1.622e+01   2.642 0.008304 ** 
## log(Gr.Liv.Area)      -9.642e+02  1.041e+04  -0.093 0.926193    
## Full.Bath              5.764e+03  1.984e+03   2.905 0.003714 ** 
## Half.Bath              1.721e+03  1.886e+03   0.912 0.361640    
## Bedroom.AbvGr         -6.242e+03  1.265e+03  -4.936 8.62e-07 ***
## Kitchen.AbvGr         -1.757e+04  5.801e+03  -3.029 0.002486 ** 
## Kitchen.QualFa        -4.747e+04  5.544e+03  -8.563  < 2e-16 ***
## Kitchen.QualGd        -4.413e+04  3.072e+03 -14.364  < 2e-16 ***
## Kitchen.QualPo        -2.153e+04  3.033e+04  -0.710 0.477897    
## Kitchen.QualTA        -4.652e+04  3.500e+03 -13.291  < 2e-16 ***
## log(TotRms.AbvGrd)     7.022e+02  5.563e+03   0.126 0.899574    
## FunctionalMaj2        -8.509e+03  1.292e+04  -0.659 0.510279    
## FunctionalMin1         1.883e+04  8.810e+03   2.138 0.032672 *  
## FunctionalMin2         1.765e+04  8.815e+03   2.002 0.045420 *  
## FunctionalMod          6.988e+03  9.986e+03   0.700 0.484110    
## FunctionalSal         -3.398e+04  4.181e+04  -0.813 0.416505    
## FunctionalSev         -2.313e+04  2.227e+04  -1.038 0.299230    
## FunctionalTyp          2.823e+04  7.813e+03   3.613 0.000309 ***
## Fireplaces             5.988e+03  1.247e+03   4.803 1.67e-06 ***
## Wood.Deck.SF           2.074e+01  5.360e+00   3.870 0.000112 ***
## Open.Porch.SF         -1.092e+01  1.035e+01  -1.055 0.291509    
## X3Ssn.Porch            2.000e+01  2.534e+01   0.789 0.429992    
## Screen.Porch           5.009e+01  1.137e+01   4.405 1.11e-05 ***
## Pool.Area             -5.537e+00  2.049e+01  -0.270 0.786955    
## Mo.Sold               -1.729e+02  2.358e+02  -0.733 0.463644    
## Yr.Sold               -6.374e+02  4.877e+02  -1.307 0.191355    
## Sale.TypeCon           3.371e+04  1.721e+04   1.959 0.050256 .  
## Sale.TypeConLD         1.133e+04  7.853e+03   1.443 0.149186    
## Sale.TypeConLI         8.336e+03  1.228e+04   0.679 0.497160    
## Sale.TypeConLw         1.174e+04  1.174e+04   1.000 0.317661    
## Sale.TypeCWD           1.570e+03  1.036e+04   0.151 0.879637    
## Sale.TypeNew           3.793e+04  1.547e+04   2.452 0.014285 *  
## Sale.TypeOth           2.893e+04  1.327e+04   2.180 0.029362 *  
## Sale.TypeVWD          -1.124e+03  2.891e+04  -0.039 0.968992    
## Sale.TypeWD            6.168e+03  3.941e+03   1.565 0.117764    
## Sale.ConditionAdjLand  1.485e+04  1.043e+04   1.424 0.154473    
## Sale.ConditionAlloca   1.887e+04  7.994e+03   2.361 0.018319 *  
## Sale.ConditionFamily   5.471e+02  5.734e+03   0.095 0.923985    
## Sale.ConditionNormal   8.543e+03  2.785e+03   3.068 0.002183 ** 
## Sale.ConditionPartial -1.729e+04  1.502e+04  -1.151 0.249869    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 28180 on 2071 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.8818, Adjusted R-squared:  0.8746 
## F-statistic: 122.7 on 126 and 2071 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Bias

## [1] -258.1261

Maximum Over Estimated

## [1] 191514.2

Maximum Under Estimated

## [1] -303730

Mean Absolute Error

## [1] 19875.55

Root Mean Squared Error

## [1] 30640.4