---
title: "ANLY 512: Lab2 - Data Exploration and Analysis Laboratory"
author: "Yanqi Ma"
output: 
  flexdashboard::flex_dashboard:
    orientation: columns
    vertical_layout: fill
    social: menu
    source: embed
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(flexdashboard)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(lubridate)
library(scales)
```


Cause of Climate Change
===============================================
## Intro Text{.sidebar}
-------------------------------------------
Climate Change and Global Warming

Within this view, we have seen an continous increase of global temperature since 1900, which is how we called "Global Warming". As study indicates, since we entered 20th centery, we are able to efficiently leverage natural resources to support our industrial production, bringing the growth of economy and society development. However, this also brings an issue that the process of production will generate greenhouse gas, especially CO2 emission from the fossil fuels, which will significantly increase the overall temperature around the globe. 

In the next tab, we will see how climate change will impact our envrionment and eco-system.

Source: Data Hub(https://datahub.io) 
US Drought Monitor(https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/)
United States Environmental Protection Agency (https://www.epa.gov/)




## Column {data-width=550}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels 1900 to 2014

```{r co2}
co<-read.csv("carbon.csv")
co_sub<-subset(co[,1:2],co$Year>1899)
plot(co_sub, type="o",main = "Global Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuels 1900-2014",xlab = "Year", ylab="Total carbon emissions (MM Tons)")

```

Column {data-width=550}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Global Temperature Time Series 1900-2016

```{r temperature}
tp<-read.csv("temperature.csv")
tp_sub<-subset(tp[2:3],tp$Source=="GCAG"&tp$Year>1899&tp$Year<2016)
p<-ggplot()+
  geom_line(data=tp_sub,aes(x = Year, y = Mean),color = "blue")+
  xlab("Year")+
  ylab("Annual Global Temperature in Degrees Celsius")+
  ggtitle("Global Temperature Time Series 1900-2016")
p
```

Effects of Climate Change
===============================================
## Column {data-width=250}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
### Changes in Precipitation Patterns
```{r}
p<-read.csv("precipitation_fig-1.csv")
ggplot(p, aes(x=Year, y=Inches)) + 
  geom_bar(colour="blue",fill="light blue",stat = "identity")+
  xlab("Year")+
  ylab("Anomaly (Inches)")+
  ggtitle("US Precipitation Anomaly by Inches 1900-2015")
```

## Column {data-width=250}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### More Droughts

```{r}
d<-read.csv("Drought 2000_2019.csv")
d_1<-melt(d, id=c("MapDate"))
d_1 <- transform(d_1, date = as.Date(as.character(MapDate), "%Y%m%d"))
ggplot(d_1, aes(x=date, y=value, fill=variable)) + 
  geom_area(color="black", size=0.2, alpha=0.4) + 
  scale_fill_brewer(breaks=levels(d_1$variable)) +
  labs(x="Time", y="Percentage of Area", fill="Drought Level")+
  ggtitle("US National Drought Monitor 2000-2019")
```

## Column {data-width=250}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

### Sea Level Rise

```{r}
s<-read.csv("Sea Level.csv")
s_1 <- transform(s, date = date_decimal(date))
ggplot()+
  geom_line(data=s_1,aes(x = date, y = variations),color = "dark blue")+
  xlab("Time")+
  ylab("12 smoothed Global Mean Sea Level variation (mm)")+
  ggtitle("Global Sea Level Variation 1993-2019")+
  theme_minimal()
```


Cause of Climate Change
===============================================
## Column {data-width=1000}
--------------------------------------------------------------------




Insights and Questions

1. From the first tab, it appeared that there is a linear relationship between carbon emission and the rise of global temperature. 

2. In the second tab, I evaluated the three effects from the climate change, mainly focusing on the climate anomaly, such as precipitation, drought level, and sea level. The insights are - 

* Climate change will change the precipitataion pattern and generate higher inches of rain. 

* As the temperature is getting higher, it reduces the soil moisture and increases level of drought. However, the drought level seems impacted by other factors and follow an cycle. But we've also seen a higher percentage of area that with severe level of drought in the recent years. 

* Arctic sheet is decreasing due to the temperature rise, and the melted water will add water to the ocean, potentially rising the sea level. The chart shows the variations growth in global sea level over the past decades.  

3. Questions from this visualization

* There is not a clear change pattern in precipitation. One question is to explore how does climate change impact the precipitation across different area and the pattern of movement.

* How is the comparison of climate pattern in a map during different period?