Objective

Using the spatial visualization techniques, we explore this data set on Pennsylvania hospitals (http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=eccee5dfe01e4c4283c9be0cfc596882). We created a series of 5 maps that highlight spatial differences in hospital service coverage for the state of PA.

To import the data I use the foreign package.

library(foreign)
library(ggmap)
## Warning: package 'ggmap' was built under R version 3.6.1
## Loading required package: ggplot2
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'ggplot2':
##   method         from 
##   [.quosures     rlang
##   c.quosures     rlang
##   print.quosures rlang
## Google's Terms of Service: https://cloud.google.com/maps-platform/terms/.
## Please cite ggmap if you use it! See citation("ggmap") for details.
library(ggplot2)
dat <- read.dbf("pennsylv.dbf")  # change this to connect to your version

The dataset contains a number of variables about each hospital, many of them are clear and straight forward.

names(dat)
##   [1] "acc_trauma" "air_amb"    "als"        "arc_street" "arc_zone"  
##   [6] "bas_ls"     "bassinets"  "bb_id"      "bc_beds"    "bc_sus_bed"
##  [11] "beds_sus"   "birthing_r" "bone_marro" "burn_car"   "burn_care" 
##  [16] "card_beds"  "card_surge" "card_sus_b" "cardiac"    "cardiac_ca"
##  [21] "cardio_reh" "chemo"      "city"       "clin_lab"   "clin_psych"
##  [26] "county"     "countyname" "ct_scan"    "cty_key"    "cystoscopi"
##  [31] "deliv_rms"  "dental"     "detox_alc_" "diag_radio" "diag_xray" 
##  [36] "doh_hosp"   "doh_phone"  "emer_dept"  "endoscopie" "fac_id"    
##  [41] "facility"   "flu_old"    "fred_con_1" "fred_conta" "fred_email"
##  [46] "fred_fax"   "fred_hosp"  "fred_pager" "fred_phone" "gamma_knif"
##  [51] "gen_outpat" "gene_counc" "heart_tran" "helipad"    "hemodial_c"
##  [56] "hemodial_m" "hosp_id"    "hospice"    "hyper_cham" "icu"       
##  [61] "icu_beds"   "icu_sus_be" "inpat_flu_" "inpat_pneu" "kidney_tra"
##  [66] "labor_rms"  "lic_beds"   "lic_dent"   "lic_dos"    "lic_mds"   
##  [71] "lic_pod"    "linear_acc" "lithotrips" "liver_tran" "loc_method"
##  [76] "ltc"        "mcd"        "mcd_key"    "mcd_name"   "medical"   
##  [81] "mob_ccu"    "mob_icu"    "mri"        "ms1"        "neo2_beds" 
##  [86] "neo2_sus_b" "neo3_beds"  "neo3_sus_b" "neuro_surg" "neurology" 
##  [91] "obs_gyn"    "occ_ther"   "optometry"  "organ_bank" "ped_trauma"
##  [96] "pediatric"  "pet"        "pharmacy"   "phys_med"   "phys_ther" 
## [101] "podiatry"   "providerid" "psych"      "psych_inpa" "reg_trauma"
## [106] "resp_ther"  "so_flu_65u" "social_wor" "speech_pat" "street"    
## [111] "surgical"   "surgical_s" "thera_radi" "typ_org"    "typ_serv"  
## [116] "ultrasound" "x"          "y"          "zip"

Locations of All Hospital in PA State

qmplot(x, y, data = dat, size = I(3),alpha = I(0.8),extent = "device", geom = "point",main = "Locations of hospitals in Pennsylvania", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude",source = "google",maptype = "roadmap",zoom = 7)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.942826,-77.681596&zoom=7&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx-WUKoKBD9BZHFSjo

Hospital in PA with Cardiac Surgery Facilities

heart_transplant = subset(dat, heart_tran == "Y")
qmplot(x, y, data = heart_transplant, legend = "none", colour= I('red'), mapcolor = "color", extent = "panel", main = "Hospitals in PA with Heart Transplant Surgery Unit", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude", source = 'google', maptype = 'roadmap', zoom = 7)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.20258,-77.577704&zoom=7&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx-WUKoKBD9BZHFSjo

Hospitals with Air Ambulance Services

amb<-subset(dat, air_amb == "Y")
qmplot(x, y, data = amb, size = I(3),alpha = I(0.8),,extent = "device", geom = "point",main = "Hospitals offering Air Ambulance Services in PA", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude",source = "google",maptype = "roadmap",zoom = 7)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=41.040851,-77.606184&zoom=7&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx-WUKoKBD9BZHFSjo
## Warning: Ignoring unknown parameters: NA

Hospitals with Chemotherapy Services in Entire PA

chemotherapy = subset(dat, chemo == "Y")
qmplot(x, y, data = chemotherapy, size = I(3),alpha = I(0.8),color="red",extent = "device", geom = "point",main = "Hospitals with Chemotherapy Services in PA", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude",source = "google",maptype = "roadmap",zoom = 7)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.942648,-77.71003&zoom=7&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx-WUKoKBD9BZHFSjo

Hospitals in Pittsburg, PA that take care of pets

pet_hos<-subset(dat, pet == "Y")
pet_hos = subset(pet_hos, city == "Pittsburgh")
qmplot(x,y, data = pet_hos, colour = I('red'), size = I(4), zoom = 11, extent = "panel", source = "google", maptype = "toner", main = "Hospitals in Pittsburg, PA that take care of pets", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude")
## maptype = "toner" is only available with source = "stamen".
## resetting to source = "stamen"...
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.504746,-79.980108&zoom=11&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&key=xxx-WUKoKBD9BZHFSjo
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/567/770.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/568/770.png
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