Make sure to include the unit of the values whenever appropriate.
options(scipen=999)
data(CPS85, package="mosaicData")
wage_lm <- lm(wage ~ educ + exper + sex,
data = CPS85)
# View summary of model 1
summary(wage_lm)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = wage ~ educ + exper + sex, data = CPS85)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -9.571 -2.746 -0.653 1.893 37.724
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -6.50451 1.20985 -5.376 0.0000001141795 ***
## educ 0.94051 0.07886 11.926 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
## exper 0.11330 0.01671 6.781 0.0000000000319 ***
## sexM 2.33763 0.38806 6.024 0.0000000031877 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4.454 on 530 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.2532, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2489
## F-statistic: 59.88 on 3 and 530 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
Yes it is statistically significant at 5% because its P value is smaller than 0.05. Its P value is 0.0000000000000002, which means we are 99.9% confident that the intercept is true.
For every year of education one completes, their wage will go up $0.94.
Yes, there is evidence for gender discrimination in wages because males make $2.33 more than females make in wages.
If a woman has 15 years of education and 5 years of experience, she should make $12.32 an hour. I took the 0.94 from the education predictor and multiplied it by 15 because for every year of education, the wage goes up 94 cents. After, I multiplied 0.11 (which is from the exper predictor) and multiplied it by 5 because she has 5 years of experience. I added the 2 numbers together and subtracted 2.33 from the total because females make 2.33 dollars less than males.
Hint: Provide a technical interpretation.
Hint: Discuss in terms of both residual standard error and reported adjusted R squared.
options(scipen=999)
data(CPS85, package="mosaicData")
wage_lm <- lm(wage ~ educ + exper + sex + union,
data = CPS85)
# View summary of model 1
summary(wage_lm)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = wage ~ educ + exper + sex + union, data = CPS85)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -9.496 -2.708 -0.712 1.909 37.784
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -6.48023 1.20159 -5.393 0.00000010459 ***
## educ 0.93495 0.07835 11.934 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
## exper 0.10692 0.01674 6.387 0.00000000037 ***
## sexM 2.14765 0.39097 5.493 0.00000006145 ***
## unionUnion 1.47111 0.50932 2.888 0.00403 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4.423 on 529 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.2648, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2592
## F-statistic: 47.62 on 4 and 529 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
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