Obtener Datos Espaciales de un pais

Este cuaderno es para aprender a usar las funciones basicas de extraccion d einformacion y mapeo. Primero,Cargar los paquetes tidyverse y sf que previamente han sido instalados en “Mi primer cuaderno”

library (tidyverse)

Registered S3 method overwritten by 'dplyr':
  method           from
  print.rowwise_df     
-- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.2.1 --
v ggplot2 3.2.1     v purrr   0.3.2
v tibble  2.1.3     v dplyr   0.8.3
v tidyr   1.0.0     v stringr 1.4.0
v readr   1.3.1     v forcats 0.4.0
-- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()

library(sf)

Linking to GEOS 3.6.1, GDAL 2.2.3, PROJ 4.9.3

Plotar las Coordenadas geograficas de Carolina del Norte separada por condados

system.file("gpkg/nc.gpkg", package = "sf") %>%
  read_sf() %>%
  st_transform(32119) %>%
  select (BIR74) %>%
  plot(graticule = TRUE, axes = TRUE)

Leer los sf del ploter de Carolina del Norte

read_sf(system.file("gpkg/nc.gpkg", package = "sf"))

Simple feature collection with 100 features and 14 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -84.32385 ymin: 33.88199 xmax: -75.45698 ymax: 36.58965
epsg (SRID):    4267
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=NAD27 +no_defs

#Cargar el programa GADMTools
library(GADMTools)

Obtener datos administrativos de un pais

Obtener los datos administrativos del pais Colombia por medio de la funcion gadm_sf_loadCountries, teniendo encuenta el nivel para pais es 0

(COL<-gadm_sf_loadCountries(c( "COL" ), level = 0,
                             basefile = "./"))

trying URL 'https://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm3.6/Rsf/gadm36_COL_0_sf.rds'
Content type '
' length 533640 bytes (521 KB)
downloaded 521 KB

$basename
[1] "./"

$sf
Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 2 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
  ISO   NAME_0                       geometry
1 COL Colombia MULTIPOLYGON (((-78.97958 1...

$level
[1] 0

$hasBGND
[1] FALSE

attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"

Plotear a Colombia haciendo uso de gadm_plot

gadm_plot (COL)

Obtener datos administrativos sobre los departamentos de Colombia usando la funcion gadm_sf_loadCountries y teniendo en cuenta que el nivel para departamentos es 1

(DEPTOS <- gadm_sf_loadCountries(c("COL"), level=1,
                             basefile= "./"))

$basename
[1] "./"

$sf
Simple feature collection with 32 features and 5 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
First 10 features:
   ISO   NAME_0    NAME_1       TYPE_1   ENGTYPE_1                       geometry
1  COL Colombia  Amazonas    Comisaría Commissiary MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.43138 -...
12 COL Colombia Antioquia Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-76.99986 8...
23 COL Colombia    Arauca  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.92316 6...
27 COL Colombia Atlántico Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.8816 10...
28 COL Colombia   Bolívar Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.79681 1...
29 COL Colombia    Boyacá Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.2158 5....
30 COL Colombia    Caldas Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.3569 4....
31 COL Colombia   Caquetá  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-73.88365 -...
32 COL Colombia  Casanare  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-72.6363 4....
2  COL Colombia     Cauca Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-77.97681 2...

$level
[1] 1

$hasBGND
[1] FALSE

attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"

Plotear Departamentos de Colombia usando gadm_plot

gadm_plot(DEPTOS)

Obtener datos administrativos sobre los municipios de Colombia usando la funcion gadm_sf_loadCountries y teniendo en cuenta que el nivel para municipios es 2

(MUNI <- gadm_sf_loadCountries(c("COL"), level=2,
                             basefile="./"))

$basename
[1] "./"

$sf
Simple feature collection with 1065 features and 6 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
First 10 features:
      ISO   NAME_0    NAME_1           NAME_2                     TYPE_2                  ENGTYPE_2
15629 COL Colombia  Amazonas       El Encanto Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
15634 COL Colombia  Amazonas      La Chorrera Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
15699 COL Colombia  Amazonas       La Pedrera Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
16578 COL Colombia  Amazonas          Leticia                  Municipio               Municipality
15505 COL Colombia  Amazonas    Mirití-Paraná Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
16577 COL Colombia  Amazonas    Puerto Nariño                  Municipio               Municipality
15494 COL Colombia  Amazonas Puerto Santander Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
16055 COL Colombia  Amazonas         Tarapacá Corregimiento Departamento Corregimiento Departamento
14570 COL Colombia Antioquia        Abejorral                  Municipio               Municipality
14343 COL Colombia Antioquia         Abriaquí                  Municipio               Municipality
                            geometry
15629 MULTIPOLYGON (((-73.43552 -...
15634 MULTIPOLYGON (((-71.9802 -1...
15699 MULTIPOLYGON (((-72.61586 -...
16578 MULTIPOLYGON (((-70.0579 -4...
15505 MULTIPOLYGON (((-70.2188 -0...
16577 MULTIPOLYGON (((-70.28952 -...
15494 MULTIPOLYGON (((-71.4002 -0...
16055 MULTIPOLYGON (((-70.1296 -3...
14570 MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.5753 5....
14343 MULTIPOLYGON (((-76.0697 6....

$level
[1] 2

$hasBGND
[1] FALSE

attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"

Plotear Municipios de Colombia usando gadm_plot

gadm_plot(MUNI)

Extraccion de mi Departamento

Plotear mi Departamento, primero usando gadm_subset para extraer solo el departamento que se quiere trabajar, no olvide nombrar esta nueva información recolectada como usted quiera, y despues usando la funcion de gadm_plot

VICH <- gadm_subset(DEPTOS, level=1, regions = "Vichada")
gadm_plot(VICH) %>% gadm_showNorth("tl") %>% gadm_showScale('bl')

Recortar un area

Crear la caja envolvente de mi Departamento con la función gadm_getBbox y nombrar estos nuevos datos como sbox

(sbox <- gadm_getBbox(VICH))

      xmin       ymin       xmax       ymax 
-71.097801   2.708100 -67.421112   6.301989 

Estructura de nuestra caja con la funcion str

str(sbox)

 'bbox' Named num [1:4] -71.1 2.71 -67.42 6.3
 - attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "xmin" "ymin" "xmax" "ymax"
 - attr(*, "crs")=List of 2
  ..$ epsg       : int 4326
  ..$ proj4string: chr "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs"
  ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "crs"

Recortar mi Depratamento, para esto se usa gadm_crop y al reportar las coordenadas se usan valores un poco mas grandes a los de la caja, estos datos se deben guardar bajo el nombre de STUDY_AREA

(STUDY_AREA <- gadm_crop(DEPTOS, xmin=-72.1, ymin=2.71, xmax =-67.42, ymax=6.3))

although coordinates are longitude/latitude, st_intersection assumes that they are planar
attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout all geometries

$basename
[1] "./"

$sf
Simple feature collection with 6 features and 5 fields
geometry type:  GEOMETRY
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -72.1 ymin: 2.71 xmax: -67.42 ymax: 6.3
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
   ISO   NAME_0   NAME_1       TYPE_1   ENGTYPE_1                       geometry
23 COL Colombia   Arauca  Intendencia  Intendancy POLYGON ((-69.92316 6.05792...
32 COL Colombia Casanare  Intendencia  Intendancy POLYGON ((-72.1 6.075137, -...
7  COL Colombia  Guainía    Comisaría Commissiary POLYGON ((-70.56591 2.71, -...
8  COL Colombia Guaviare    Comisaría Commissiary MULTIPOLYGON (((-72.1 2.804...
13 COL Colombia     Meta Departamento  Department POLYGON ((-72.1 4.397398, -...
26 COL Colombia  Vichada    Comisaría Commissiary POLYGON ((-71.0978 3.3434, ...

$level
[1] 1

$hasBGND
[1] FALSE

attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"

Plotear el area de estudio con la funcion gadm_plot

gadm_plot(STUDY_AREA)

Obtencion de caracteristicas simples

Seleccionar todas las caracterisiticas simples de cada departamento

DEPTOS$sf

Simple feature collection with 32 features and 5 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
First 10 features:
   ISO   NAME_0    NAME_1       TYPE_1   ENGTYPE_1                       geometry
1  COL Colombia  Amazonas    Comisaría Commissiary MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.43138 -...
12 COL Colombia Antioquia Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-76.99986 8...
23 COL Colombia    Arauca  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.92316 6...
27 COL Colombia Atlántico Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.8816 10...
28 COL Colombia   Bolívar Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.79681 1...
29 COL Colombia    Boyacá Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.2158 5....
30 COL Colombia    Caldas Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.3569 4....
31 COL Colombia   Caquetá  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-73.88365 -...
32 COL Colombia  Casanare  Intendencia  Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-72.6363 4....
2  COL Colombia     Cauca Departamento  Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-77.97681 2...

Instalar mapview

install.packages("mapview")

WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages but is not currently installed. Please download and install the appropriate version of Rtools before proceeding:

https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/Rtools/
trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.6/mapview_2.7.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2947933 bytes (2.8 MB)
downloaded 2.8 MB

package ‘mapview’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\usuagro\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpMzZ3mT\downloaded_packages

Cargar mapview y plotear el pais que se ha venido trabajando con todos sus departamentos, para evitar que aparezcan toda la información que sale al cargar un paquete se usa suppressPackageStartupMessages(), y luego si se usa la funcion mapview. No olvide que el nivel para departamentos es 1

suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(mapview))
DEPTOS$sf %>% mapview(zcol="NAME_1", legend=TRUE, col.regions=sf.colors)

Plotear los municipios de mi Departamento, primero usando gadm_subset para extraer los minicipios del departamento que se quiere trabajar, no olvide nombrar esta nueva información recolectada como usted quiera, y despues usando la funcion de mapview. No olvide que para el nivel para municipio es 2

(VICH_MUNI <- gadm_subset(MUNI, 1, "Vichada", usevar = NULL))

$basename
[1] "./"

$sf
Simple feature collection with 6 features and 6 fields
geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -71.0978 ymin: 2.7081 xmax: -67.42111 ymax: 6.301989
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
      ISO   NAME_0  NAME_1            NAME_2    TYPE_2    ENGTYPE_2                       geometry
14744 COL Colombia Vichada          Cumaribo Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-68.7135 5....
14481 COL Colombia Vichada      La Primavera Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-68.5412 5....
14453 COL Colombia Vichada    Puerto Carreño Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-67.49085 6...
14970 COL Colombia Vichada San Jose de Ocune Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-71.0978 3....
14725 COL Colombia Vichada        Santa Rita Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-68.8793 3....
14706 COL Colombia Vichada     Santa Rosalía Municipio Municipality MULTIPOLYGON (((-70.3883 4....

$level
[1] 2

$hasBGND
[1] FALSE

attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"

VICH_MUNI$sf %>% mapview(zcol="NAME_2", legend=TRUE, col.regions=sf.colors)

methods(class="sf")

 [1] $<-                   [                     [[<-                  aggregate            
 [5] anti_join             arrange               as.data.frame         cbind                
 [9] coerce                dbDataType            dbWriteTable          distinct             
[13] filter                full_join             gather                group_by             
[17] group_map             group_split           identify              initialize           
[21] inner_join            left_join             mapView               merge                
[25] mutate                nest                  plot                  print                
[29] rbind                 rename                right_join            sample_frac          
[33] sample_n              select                semi_join             separate             
[37] separate_rows         show                  slice                 slotsFromS3          
[41] spread                st_agr                st_agr<-              st_area              
[45] st_as_sf              st_bbox               st_boundary           st_buffer            
[49] st_cast               st_centroid           st_collection_extract st_convex_hull       
[53] st_coordinates        st_crop               st_crs                st_crs<-             
[57] st_difference         st_geometry           st_geometry<-         st_interpolate_aw    
[61] st_intersection       st_intersects         st_is                 st_join              
[65] st_line_merge         st_nearest_points     st_node               st_normalize         
[69] st_point_on_surface   st_polygonize         st_precision          st_segmentize        
[73] st_set_precision      st_simplify           st_snap               st_sym_difference    
[77] st_transform          st_triangulate        st_union              st_voronoi           
[81] st_wrap_dateline      st_write              st_zm                 summarise            
[85] transmute             ungroup               unite                 unnest               
see '?methods' for accessing help and source code

st_write(VICH_MUNI$sf, "VICH_mun.shp")

Dataset VICH_mun.shp already exists: remove first, use update=TRUE to append,
delete_layer=TRUE to delete layer, or delete_dsn=TRUE to remove the entire data source before writing.

Error in CPL_write_ogr(obj, dsn, layer, driver, as.character(dataset_options),  : 
  Dataset already exists.

(Vichada_mun <- st_read("./VICH_mun.shp"))

Reading layer `VICH_mun' from data source `G:\Cursos\Geomatica grupo 2\VICH_mun.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 6 features and 6 fields
geometry type:  POLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -71.0978 ymin: 2.7081 xmax: -67.42111 ymax: 6.301989
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
Simple feature collection with 6 features and 6 fields
geometry type:  POLYGON
dimension:      XY
bbox:           xmin: -71.0978 ymin: 2.7081 xmax: -67.42111 ymax: 6.301989
epsg (SRID):    4326
proj4string:    +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
  ISO   NAME_0  NAME_1            NAME_2    TYPE_2    ENGTYPE_2                       geometry
1 COL Colombia Vichada          Cumaribo Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-68.7135 5.3568, ...
2 COL Colombia Vichada      La Primavera Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-68.5412 5.437, -...
3 COL Colombia Vichada    Puerto Carreño Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-67.49085 6.14925...
4 COL Colombia Vichada San Jose de Ocune Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-71.0978 3.3434, ...
5 COL Colombia Vichada        Santa Rita Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-68.8793 3.929101...
6 COL Colombia Vichada     Santa Rosalía Municipio Municipality POLYGON ((-70.3883 4.673415...