Import data:
library(readr)
input = read_csv("person_info.csv")
input## # A tibble: 10 x 14
## first_name last_name birthday age state address City phone email
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Carol Davis 9/29/1996 23 Illin… 1674 Ca… Burr … 312-… curt…
## 2 Bruno Horan 6/11/1995 24 Calif… 1561 St… San D… 858-… guad…
## 3 William Moody 2/27/1997 22 Illin… 541 Jad… Arlin… 979-… roos…
## 4 Robin Steel 8/3/1989 57 Texas 1674 Ca… Josep… 214-… lloy…
## 5 Michelle Roberts 7/17/1995 24 Oregon 1372 Ga… "Port… 503-… ben1…
## 6 June Sneed 3/27/2000 19 Arizo… 2411 Cl… Phoen… 256-… kath…
## 7 Curtis Campbell 3/15/1991 28 Idahol 2760 Sc… Pocat… 979-… just…
## 8 Dorothy Schott 1/2/1997 21 Calif… 2742 Su… Santa… 501-… mega…
## 9 Mae Skinner 3/16/1995 24 Penns… <NA> Newar… 501-… enri…
## 10 David Victoria 8/2/1996 23 Maine 3327 Ch… Harps… 207-… caro…
## # ... with 5 more variables: car_1 <chr>, gpa <dbl>, year <chr>,
## # class_of <int>, online_signiture <chr>Check the data type:
In this section, we introduce str, summary, class, and typeof functions.
str() functionstr(input) # data structure of the object## Classes 'tbl_df', 'tbl' and 'data.frame': 10 obs. of 14 variables:
## $ first_name : chr "Carol" "Bruno" "William" "Robin" ...
## $ last_name : chr "Davis" "Horan" "Moody" "Steel" ...
## $ birthday : chr "9/29/1996" "6/11/1995" "2/27/1997" "8/3/1989" ...
## $ age : int 23 24 22 57 24 19 28 21 24 23
## $ state : chr "Illinois" "California" "Illinois" "Texas" ...
## $ address : chr "1674 Carolyns Circle" "1561 Still Street" "541 Jade wood Drive" "1674 Caroly ns Circle" ...
## $ City : chr "Burr Ridge, Illinois(IL), 60527" "San Diego, California(CA), 92111" "Arlington Heights, Illinois(IL), 60004" "Josephine, Texas(TX), 75173" ...
## $ phone : chr "312-295-1941" "858-449-3324" "979-614-4038" "214-694-7864" ...
## $ email : chr "curt1995@gmail.com" "guadalupe1974@yahoo.com" "roosevelt.fee@hotmail.com" "lloyd2009@hotmail.com" ...
## $ car_1 : chr "6ZUA618" "982KRK" "PS9-S917" "na" ...
## $ gpa : num 2.85 3.47 2.78 4.33 3.75 3.6 2.32 3.93 3.85 1.74
## $ year : chr "1" "2" "2" "4" ...
## $ class_of : int 2022 2021 2021 2019 2019 2021 2020 2020 2020 2021
## $ online_signiture: chr "Don't aim for success if you want it just do what you love and believe in" "In any investment, you expect to have fun and make money." "It's not my fault that people don't appreciate the art of unpunctuality." "The press is the hired agent of a monied system" ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=List of 2
## ..$ cols :List of 14
## .. ..$ first_name : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ last_name : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ birthday : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ age : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_integer" "collector"
## .. ..$ state : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ address : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ City : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ phone : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ email : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ car_1 : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ gpa : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_double" "collector"
## .. ..$ year : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## .. ..$ class_of : list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_integer" "collector"
## .. ..$ online_signiture: list()
## .. .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_character" "collector"
## ..$ default: list()
## .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "collector_guess" "collector"
## ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "col_spec"summary() function:summary(input) # summary statistics of the object## first_name last_name birthday age
## Length:10 Length:10 Length:10 Min. :19.00
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:22.25
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median :23.50
## Mean :26.50
## 3rd Qu.:24.00
## Max. :57.00
## state address City
## Length:10 Length:10 Length:10
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
## phone email car_1 gpa
## Length:10 Length:10 Length:10 Min. :1.740
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:2.797
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median :3.535
## Mean :3.262
## 3rd Qu.:3.825
## Max. :4.330
## year class_of online_signiture
## Length:10 Min. :2019 Length:10
## Class :character 1st Qu.:2020 Class :character
## Mode :character Median :2020 Mode :character
## Mean :2020
## 3rd Qu.:2021
## Max. :2022class() and typeof() functionsclass(input$first_name) # class of the object## [1] "character"typeof(input$first_name) # type of the object## [1] "character"class(input$age) # class of the object## [1] "integer"typeof(input$age) # type of the object## [1] "integer"Data type coercion:
In this section, we introduce as.numeric, as.logical, as.integer, as.double, as.factor, and as.character functions.
age <- input$age
summary(age)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 19.00 22.25 23.50 26.50 24.00 57.00as.double(age)## [1] 23 24 22 57 24 19 28 21 24 23as.logical(age) # to a logical vector## [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUEas.character(age) # to a character vector## [1] "23" "24" "22" "57" "24" "19" "28" "21" "24" "23"as.factor(age) # to a factor## [1] 23 24 22 57 24 19 28 21 24 23
## Levels: 19 21 22 23 24 28 57as.logical() function:
as.factor() function: