Mi primer cuaderno: Colombia y el departamento de Bolívar
Sara Daniela Vanegas Garzón
9 de octubre de 2019
El siguiente proyecto tiene como objetivo realizar un mapa de Colombia identificando las coordenadas de sus puntos extremos, sus 32 departamentos y sus municipios. Sin embargo este proyecto va a estar enfocado en el departamento de Bolívar, conociendo así sus coordenadas, departamentos vecinos y sus municipios. Por lo tanto antes de empezar con el mapa de Colombia se van a tener unos conocimientos previos según un ejemplo en Rstudio.
Ejemplo de RStudio:
plot(cars)
Antes de comenzar con la realización de mapas, es necesario instalar previamente ciertas librerías, como lo son tidyverse, sf, GADMTools y mapview.
Llamado de librerías
library(tidyverse)Registered S3 method overwritten by 'dplyr':
method from
print.rowwise_df
[30m-- [1mAttaching packages[22m --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.2.1 --[39m
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[32mv[30m [34mtidyr [30m 1.0.0 [32mv[30m [34mstringr[30m 1.4.0
[32mv[30m [34mreadr [30m 1.3.1 [32mv[30m [34mforcats[30m 0.4.0[39m
[30m-- [1mConflicts[22m ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
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[31mx[30m [34mdplyr[30m::[32mlag()[30m masks [34mstats[30m::lag()[39mlibrary(sf)Linking to GEOS 3.6.1, GDAL 2.2.3, PROJ 4.9.3library(GADMTools)Loading required package: sp
Loading required package: classInt
Loading required package: rgdal
rgdal: version: 1.4-6, (SVN revision 841)
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library extensions to R successfully loaded
Loaded GDAL runtime: GDAL 2.2.3, released 2017/11/20
Path to GDAL shared files: C:/Users/usuagro/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/rgdal/gdal
GDAL binary built with GEOS: TRUE
Loaded PROJ.4 runtime: Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016, [PJ_VERSION: 493]
Path to PROJ.4 shared files: C:/Users/usuagro/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/rgdal/proj
Linking to sp version: 1.3-1
Attaching package: 㤼㸱GADMTools㤼㸲
The following object is masked from 㤼㸱package:utils㤼㸲:
vignettelibrary(mapview)Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'htmltools':
method from
print.html tools:rstudio
print.shiny.tag tools:rstudio
print.shiny.tag.list tools:rstudio
Registered S3 method overwritten by 'htmlwidgets':
method from
print.htmlwidget tools:rstudioUn ejemplo de un mapa de Carolina del Norte, donde se muestran sus 100 condados y el número de nacimientos en cada uno en el año 1974.
system.file("gpkg/nc.gpkg", package = "sf") %>%
read_sf() %>%
st_transform(32119) %>%
select(BIR74) %>%
plot(graticule = TRUE, axes = TRUE)
A continuación una tabla donde se hace una interpretación del mapa anterior, los datos que están ahí.
(read_sf(system.file("gpkg/nc.gpkg", package = "sf")))Simple feature collection with 100 features and 14 fields
geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -84.32385 ymin: 33.88199 xmax: -75.45698 ymax: 36.58965
epsg (SRID): 4267
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=NAD27 +no_defsAhora si, entrando en materia se van a obtener los datos administrativos del país Colombia, donde se ven las coordenadas de los estremos del país.
Como ya se instaló la librería GADMTools, se va a cargar la libreía.
library(GADMTools)
COL <- gadm_sf_loadCountries(c("COL"), level=0, basefile="./")trying URL 'https://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm3.6/Rsf/gadm36_COL_0_sf.rds'
Content type '' length 533640 bytes (521 KB)
downloaded 521 KBCOL$basename
[1] "./"
$sf
Simple feature collection with 1 feature and 2 fields
geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID): 4326
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
ISO NAME_0 geometry
1 COL Colombia MULTIPOLYGON (((-78.97958 1...
$level
[1] 0
$hasBGND
[1] FALSE
attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf"Con los datos obtenidos:
Ahora se va a plotear a Colombia a nivel 0
gadm_plot(COL)
Posteriormente se van a extraer departamentos (i.e. level 1)
DEPTOS <- gadm_sf_loadCountries(c("COL"), level = 1, basefile = "./")trying URL 'https://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm3.6/Rsf/gadm36_COL_1_sf.rds'
Content type '' length 782954 bytes (764 KB)
downloaded 764 KBgadm_plot(DEPTOS)
Y por último se van a plotear sus municipios (nivel 2)
MUNICIPIOS <- gadm_sf_loadCountries(c("COL"), level = 2, basefile = "./")trying URL 'https://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm3.6/Rsf/gadm36_COL_2_sf.rds'
Content type '' length 1092557 bytes (1.0 MB)
downloaded 1.0 MBgadm_plot(MUNICIPIOS)
Como se comentó anteriormente, ahora se va a hacer énfasis en el departamento de Bolívar.
Ahora se va a plotear al departamento Bolívar
Bolívar <- gadm_subset(DEPTOS, level=1, regions="Bolívar")
gadm_plot(Bolívar) %>% gadm_showNorth("tl") %>% gadm_showScale("bl")
Antes de continuar con el departamento, se va a obtener una lista de los departamentos y municipios de Colombia.
Lista de los departamentos
listNames(DEPTOS, 1) [1] "Amazonas" "Antioquia" "Arauca" "Atlántico"
[5] "Bolívar" "Boyacá" "Caldas" "Caquetá"
[9] "Casanare" "Cauca" "Cesar" "Chocó"
[13] "Córdoba" "Cundinamarca" "Guainía" "Guaviare"
[17] "Huila" "La Guajira" "Magdalena" "Meta"
[21] "Nariño" "Norte de Santander" "Putumayo" "Quindío"
[25] "Risaralda" "San Andrés y Providencia" "Santander" "Sucre"
[29] "Tolima" "Valle del Cauca" "Vaupés" "Vichada" Lista de los municipios de Colombia
listNames(MUNICIPIOS, 2) [1] "El Encanto" "La Chorrera" "La Pedrera"
[4] "Leticia" "Mirití-Paraná" "Puerto Nariño"
[7] "Puerto Santander" "Tarapacá" "Abejorral"
[10] "Abriaquí" "Alejandría" "Amagá"
[13] "Amalfi" "Andes" "Angelópolis"
[16] "Angostura" "Anorí" "Anzá"
[19] "Apartadó" "Arboletes" "Argelia"
[22] "Armenia" "Barbosa" "Bello"
[25] "Belmira" "Betania" "Betulia"
[28] "Bolívar" "Briceño" "Buriticá"
[31] "Cáceres" "Caicedo" "Caldas"
[34] "Campamento" "Cañasgordas" "Caracolí"
[37] "Caramanta" "Carepa" "Carolina del Principe"
[40] "Caucasia" "Chigorodó" "Cisneros"
[43] "Cocorná" "Concepción" "Concordia"
[46] "Copacabana" "Dabeiba" "Don Matías"
[49] "Ebéjico" "El Bagre" "El Carmen de Viboral"
[52] "El Santuario" "Entrerríos" "Envigado"
[55] "Fredonia" "Frontino" "Giraldo"
[58] "Girardota" "Gómez Plata" "Granada"
[61] "Guadalupe" "Guarne" "Guatapé"
[64] "Heliconia" "Hispania" "Itagüí"
[67] "Ituango" "Jardín" "Jericó"
[70] "La Ceja" "La Estrella" "La Unión de Sucre"
[73] "Liborina" "Maceo" "Marinilla"
[76] "Medellín" "Montebello" "Murindó"
[79] "Mutatá" "Nariño" "Nechí"
[82] "Necoclí" "Olaya" "Peñol"
[85] "Pequé" "Pueblorrico" "Puerto Berrío"
[88] "Puerto Nare" "Puerto Triunfo" "Remedios"
[91] "Retiro" "Rionegro" "Sabanalarga"
[94] "Sabaneta" "Salgar" "San Andrés de Cuerquia"
[97] "San Carlos" "San Francisco" "San Jerónimo"
[100] "San José de la Montaña" "San Juan de Urabá" "San Luis"
[103] "San Pedro de los Milagros" "San Pedro de Urabá" "San Rafael"
[106] "San Roque" "San Vicente" "Santa Bárbara"
[109] "Santa Fe de Antioquia" "Santa Rosa de Osos" "Santo Domingo"
[112] "Segovia" "Sonsón" "Sopetrán"
[115] "Támesis" "Tarazá" "Tarso"
[118] "Titiribí" "Toledo" "Turbo"
[121] "Uramita" "Urrao" "Valdivia"
[124] "Valparaíso" "Vegachí" "Venecia"
[127] "Vigía del Fuerte" "Yalí" "Yarumal"
[130] "Yolombó" "Yondó" "Zaragoza"
[133] "Arauca" "Arauquita" "Cravo Norte"
[136] "Fortul" "Puerto Rondón" "Saravena"
[139] "Tame" "Baranoa" "Barranquilla"
[142] "Campo de la Cruz" "Candelaria" "Galapa"
[145] "Juan de Acosta" "Luruaco" "Malambo"
[148] "Manatí" "Palmar de Varela" "Piojó"
[151] "Polonuevo" "Ponedera" "Puerto Colombia"
[154] "Repelón" "Sabanagrande" "Santa Lucía"
[157] "Santo Tomás" "Soledad" "Suan"
[160] "Tubará" "Usiacurí" "Achí"
[163] "Altos del Rosario" "Arjona" "Barranco de Loba"
[166] "Calamar" "Cantagallo" "Cartagena de Indias"
[169] "Cicuco" "Córdoba" "El Carmen de Bolívar"
[172] "El Guamo" "Hatillo de Loba" "Mahates"
[175] "Margarita" "María la Baja" "Mompós"
[178] "Montecristo" "Morales" "Pinillos"
[181] "Río Viejo" "San Estanislao de Kostka" "San Fernando"
[184] "San Jacinto" "San Juan Nepomuceno" "San Martín de Loba"
[187] "San Pablo" "Santa Catalina" "Santa Rosa"
[190] "Santa Rosa del Sur" "Simití" "Soplaviento"
[193] "Talaigua Nuevo" "Turbaco" "Turbaná"
[196] "Villanueva" "Zambrano" "Almeida"
[199] "Aquitania" "Arcabuco" "Belén"
[202] "Berbeo" "Beteitiva" "Boavita"
[205] "Boyacá" "Buenavista" "Busbanza"
[208] "Campohermoso" "Cerinza" "Chinavita"
[211] "Chiquinquirá" "Chíquiza" "Chiscas"
[214] "Chita" "Chitaraque" "Chivatá"
[217] "Chivor" "Ciénaga" "Cómbita"
[220] "Coper" "Corrales" "Covarachía"
[223] "Cubará" "Cucaita" "Cuítiva"
[226] "Duitama" "El Cocuy" "El Espino"
[229] "Firavitoba" "Floresta" "Gachantivá"
[232] "Gámeza" "Garagoa" "Guacamayas"
[235] "Guateque" "Guayatá" "Guicán"
[238] "Izá" "Jenesano" "La Capilla"
[241] "La Uvita" "La Victoria" "Labranzagrande"
[244] "Macanal" "Maripí" "Miraflores"
[247] "Mongua" "Monguí" "Moniquirá"
[250] "Motavita" "Muzo" "Nobsa"
[253] "Nuevo Colón" "Oicatá" "Otanche"
[256] "Pachavita" "Páez" "Paipa"
[259] "Pajarito" "Panqueba" "Pauna"
[262] "Paya" "Paz de Río" "Pesca"
[265] "Pisba" "Puerto Boyacá" "Quípama"
[268] "Ramiriquí" "Ráquira" "Rondón"
[271] "Saboyá" "Sáchica" "Samacá"
[274] "San Eduardo" "San José de Pare" "San Luis de Gaceno"
[277] "San Mateo" "San Miguel de Sema" "San Pablo de Borbur"
[280] "Santa María" "Santa Rosa de Viterbo" "Santa Sofía"
[283] "Santana" "Sativanorte" "Sativasur"
[286] "Siachoque" "Soatá" "Socha"
[289] "Socotá" "Sogamoso" "Somondoco"
[292] "Sora" "Soracá" "Sotaquirá"
[295] "Susacón" "Sutamarchán" "Sutatenza"
[298] "Tasco" "Tenza" "Tibaná"
[301] "Tibasosa" "Tinjacá" "Tipacoque"
[304] "Toca" "Toguí" "Topagá"
[307] "Tota" "Tunja" "Tunungua"
[310] "Turmequé" "Tuta" "Tutazá"
[313] "Umbita" "Ventaquemada" "Villa de Leyva"
[316] "Viracachá" "Zetaquirá" "Aguadas"
[319] "Anserma" "Aranzazú" "Belalcázar"
[322] "Chinchiná" "Filadelfia" "La Dorada"
[325] "La Merced" "Manizales" "Manzanares"
[328] "Marmato" "Marquetalia" "Marulanda"
[331] "Neira" "Pácora" "Palestina"
[334] "Pensilvania" "Riosucio" "Risaralda"
[337] "Salamina" "Samaná" "Supía"
[340] "Victoria" "Villamaría" "Viterbo"
[343] "Albania" "Belén de los Andaquies" "Cartagena del Chairá"
[346] "Curillo" "El Doncello" "El Paujíl"
[349] "Florencia" "La Montañita" "Milán"
[352] "Morelia" "Puerto Rico" "San José del Fragua"
[355] "San Vicente del Caguán" "Solano" "Aguazul"
[358] "Chámeza" "Hato Corozal" "La Salina"
[361] "Maní" "Monterrey" "Nunchía"
[364] "Orocué" "Paz de Ariporo" "Pore"
[367] "Recetor" "Sácama" "San Luis de Palenque"
[370] "Támara" "Tauramena" "Trinidad"
[373] "Yopal" "Almaguer" "Balboa"
[376] "Buenos Aires" "Cajibío" "Caldonó"
[379] "Caloto" "Corinto" "El Tambo"
[382] "Guapí" "Inzá" "Jambaló"
[385] "La Sierra" "La Vega" "López de Micay"
[388] "Mercaderes" "Miranda" "Padilla"
[391] "Patía" "Piendamó" "Popayán"
[394] "Puerto Tejada" "Puracé" "Rosas"
[397] "San Sebastián" "Santander de Quilichao" "Silvia"
[400] "Sotará" "Suárez" "Timbío"
[403] "Timbiquí" "Toribío" "Totoró"
[406] "Aguachica" "Agustín Codazzi" "Astrea"
[409] "Becerril" "Bosconia" "Chimichagua"
[412] "Chiriguaná" "Curumaní" "El Copey"
[415] "El Paso" "Gamarra" "González"
[418] "La Gloria" "La Jagua de Ibirico" "La Paz"
[421] "Manaure" "Pailitas" "Pelaya"
[424] "Río de Oro" "San Alberto" "San Diego"
[427] "San Martín" "Tamalameque" "Valledupar"
[430] "Acandí" "Alto Baudó" "Bagadó"
[433] "Bahía Solano" "Bajo Baudó" "Bojayá"
[436] "Condoto" "El Cantón del San Pablo" "El Carmen de Atrato"
[439] "El Litoral del San Juan" "Istmina" "Juradó"
[442] "Lloró" "Novita" "Nuquí"
[445] "Quibdó" "San José del Palmar" "Sipí"
[448] "Tadó" "Unguía" "Ayapel"
[451] "Canalete" "Cereté" "Chimá"
[454] "Chinú" "Ciénaga de Oro" "Los Córdobas"
[457] "Momil" "Moñitos" "Montelíbano"
[460] "Montería" "Planeta Rica" "Pueblo Nuevo"
[463] "Puerto Escondido" "Puerto Libertador" "Purísima"
[466] "San Andrés de Sotavento" "San Antero" "San Bernardino de Sahagún"
[469] "San Bernardo del Viento" "San Pelayo" "Santa Cruz de Lorica"
[472] "Tierralta" "Valencia" "Agua de Dios"
[475] "Albán" "Anapoima" "Anolaima"
[478] "Apulo" "Arbeláez" "Beltrán"
[481] "Bituima" "Bojacá" "Cabrera"
[484] "Cachipay" "Cajicá" "Caparrapí"
[487] "Cáqueza" "Carmen de Carupa" "Chaguaní"
[490] "Chía" "Chipaque" "Choachí"
[493] "Chocontá" "Cogua" "Cota"
[496] "Cucunubá" "El Colegio" "El Peñon"
[499] "Facatativá" "Fómeque" "Fosca"
[502] "Funza" "Fúquene" "Fusagasugá"
[505] "Gachalá" "Gachancipá" "Gachetá"
[508] "Gama" "Girardot" "Guachetá"
[511] "Guaduas" "Guasca" "Guataquí"
[514] "Guatavita" "Guayabal de Síquima" "Guayabetal"
[517] "Gutiérrez" "Jerusalén" "Junín"
[520] "La Calera" "La Mesa" "La Palma"
[523] "La Peña" "Lenguazaque" "Machetá"
[526] "Madrid" "Manta" "Medina"
[529] "Mosquera" "Nemocón" "Nilo"
[532] "Nimaima" "Nocaima" "Pacho"
[535] "Paime" "Pandi" "Paratebueno"
[538] "Pasca" "Puerto Salgar" "Pulí"
[541] "Quebradanegra" "Quetame" "Quipile"
[544] "Ricaurte" "San Antonio del Tequendama" "San Bernardo"
[547] "San Cayetano" "San Juan de Río Seco" "Santafé de Bogotá"
[550] "Sasaima" "Sesquilé" "Sibaté"
[553] "Silvania" "Simijaca" "Soacha"
[556] "Sopó" "Subachoque" "Suesca"
[559] "Supatá" "Susa" "Sutatausa"
[562] "Tabio" "Tausa" "Tena"
[565] "Tenjo" "Tibacuy" "Tibirita"
[568] "Tocaima" "Tocancipá" "Topaipí"
[571] "Ubalá" "Ubaque" "Une"
[574] "Utica" "Vergara" "Vianí"
[577] "Villa de San Diego de Ubaté" "Villagómez" "Villapinzón"
[580] "Villeta" "Viotá" "Yacopí"
[583] "Zipacón" "Zipaquirá" "Barranco Minas"
[586] "Cacahual" "La Guadalupe" "Pana Pana"
[589] "Puerto Inírida" "San Felipe" "El Retorno"
[592] "San José del Guaviare" "Acevedo" "Agrado"
[595] "Aipe" "Algeciras" "Altamira"
[598] "Baraya" "Campoalegre" "Colombia"
[601] "Elías" "Garzón" "Gigante"
[604] "Hobo" "Iquira" "Isnos"
[607] "La Argentina" "La Plata" "Nátaga"
[610] "Neiva" "Oporapa" "Paicol"
[613] "Palermo" "Pital" "Pitalito"
[616] "Rivera" "Saladoblanco" "San Agustín"
[619] "Suaza" "Tarquí" "Tello"
[622] "Teruel" "Tesalia" "Timaná"
[625] "Villavieja" "Yaguará" "Barrancas"
[628] "El Molino" "Fonseca" "Maicao"
[631] "Riohacha" "San Juan del Cesar" "Uribia"
[634] "Urumita" "Aracataca" "Ariguaní"
[637] "Cerro de San Antonio" "Chivolo" "El Banco"
[640] "El Piñón" "Fundación" "Guamal"
[643] "Pedraza" "Pivijay" "Plato"
[646] "Pueblo Viejo" "Remolino" "San Sebastián de Buenavista"
[649] "San Zenón" "Santa Ana" "Santa Marta (Dist. Esp.)"
[652] "Tenerife" "Acacías" "Barranca de Upía"
[655] "Cabuyaro" "Castilla la Nueva" "Cumaral"
[658] "El Calvario" "El Castillo" "El Dorado"
[661] "Fuente de Oro" "La Macarena" "La Uribe"
[664] "Lejanías" "Mapiripán" "Mesetas"
[667] "Puerto Concordia" "Puerto Gaitán" "Puerto Lleras"
[670] "Puerto López" "Restrepo" "San Carlos de Guaroa"
[673] "San Juan de Arama" "San Juanito" "San Luis de Cubarral"
[676] "Villavicencio" "Vista Hermosa" "Aldana"
[679] "Ancuyá" "Arboleda" "Barbacoas"
[682] "Buesaco" "Chachagüí" "Colón"
[685] "Consacá" "Contadero" "Cuaspud"
[688] "Cumbal" "Cumbitara" "El Charco"
[691] "El Rosario" "El Tablón de Gomez" "Francisco Pizarro"
[694] "Funes" "Guachucal" "Guaitarilla"
[697] "Gualmatán" "Iles" "Imués"
[700] "Ipiales" "La Cruz" "La Florida"
[703] "La Llanada" "La Tola" "Leiva"
[706] "Linares" "Los Andes" "Magüí"
[709] "Mallama" "Olaya Herrera" "Ospina"
[712] "Policarpa" "Potosí" "Providencia"
[715] "Puerres" "Pupiales" "Roberto Payán"
[718] "Samaniego" "San Juan de Pasto" "San Lorenzo"
[721] "San Pedro de Cartago" "Sandoná" "Santa Cruz"
[724] "Sapuyes" "Taminango" "Tangua"
[727] "Tumaco" "Túquerres" "Yacuanquer"
[730] "Abrego" "Arboledas" "Bochalema"
[733] "Bucarasica" "Cáchira" "Cácota"
[736] "Chinácota" "Chitagá" "Convención"
[739] "Cucutilla" "Durania" "El Carmen"
[742] "El Tarra" "El Zulia" "Gramalote"
[745] "Hacarí" "Herrán" "La Esperanza"
[748] "La Playa de Belén" "Labateca" "Los Patios"
[751] "Lourdes" "Mutiscua" "Ocaña"
[754] "Pamplona" "Pamplonita" "Ragonvalia"
[757] "Salazar de las Palmas" "San Calixto" "San José de Cúcuta"
[760] "Santiago" "Santo Domingo de Silos" "Sardinata"
[763] "Teorama" "Tibú" "Villa Caro"
[766] "Villa del Rosario" "Orito" "Puerto Asís"
[769] "Puerto Caicedo" "Puerto Guzmán" "Puerto Leguízamo"
[772] "San Miguel de Mocoa" "Sibundoy" "Valle del Guamuez"
[775] "Villagarzón" "Calarcá" "Circasia"
[778] "Filandia" "Génova" "La Tebaida"
[781] "Montenegro" "Pijao" "Quimbaya"
[784] "Salento" "Apía" "Belén de Umbría"
[787] "Dosquebradas" "Guática" "La Celia"
[790] "La Virginia" "Marsella" "Mistrato"
[793] "Pereira" "Pueblo Rico" "Quinchía"
[796] "Santa Rosa de Cabal" "Santuario" "n.a. (1)"
[799] "San Andrés" "Aguada" "Aratoca"
[802] "Barichara" "Barrancabermeja" "Bucaramanga"
[805] "California" "Capitanejo" "Carcasí"
[808] "Cepitá" "Cerrito" "Charalá"
[811] "Charta" "Chipatá" "Cimitarra"
[814] "Confines" "Contratación" "Coromoro"
[817] "Curití" "El Carmen de Chucurí" "El Guacamayo"
[820] "El Playón" "Encino" "Enciso"
[823] "Florián" "Floridablanca" "Galán"
[826] "Gámbita" "Girón" "Guaca"
[829] "Guapotá" "Guavatá" "Güepsa"
[832] "Hato" "Jesús María" "Jordán"
[835] "La Belleza" "Landázuri" "Lebrija"
[838] "Los Santos" "Macaravita" "Málaga"
[841] "Matanza" "Mogotes" "Molagavita"
[844] "Ocamonte" "Oiba" "Onzaga"
[847] "Palmar" "Palmas del Socorro" "Páramo"
[850] "Piedecuesta" "Pinchote" "Puente Nacional"
[853] "Puerto Parra" "Puerto Wilches" "Sabana de Torres"
[856] "San Benito" "San Gil" "San Joaquín"
[859] "San José de Miranda" "San Miguel" "San Vicente de Chucurí"
[862] "Santa Helena del Opón" "Simacota" "Socorro"
[865] "Suaita" "Sucre" "Suratá"
[868] "Tona" "Valle de San José" "Vélez"
[871] "Vetas" "Zapatoca" "Caimito"
[874] "Chalán" "Colosó" "Corozal"
[877] "Galeras" "Guarandá" "Los Palmitos"
[880] "Majagual" "Morroa" "Ovejas"
[883] "Sampués" "San Antonio de Palmito" "San Benito Abad"
[886] "San Juan de Betulia" "San Marcos" "San Onofre"
[889] "San Pedro" "Sincé" "Sincelejo"
[892] "Tolú" "Toluviejo" "Alpujarra"
[895] "Alvarado" "Ambalema" "Anzoátegui"
[898] "Armero" "Ataco" "Cajamarca"
[901] "Carmen de Apicalá" "Casabianca" "Chaparral"
[904] "Coello" "Coyaima" "Cunday"
[907] "Dolores" "Espinal" "Falán"
[910] "Flandes" "Fresno" "Guamo"
[913] "Herveo" "Honda" "Ibagué"
[916] "Icononzo" "Lérida" "Líbano"
[919] "Melgar" "Murillo" "Natagaima"
[922] "Ortega" "Piedras" "Planadas"
[925] "Prado" "Purificación" "Rioblanco"
[928] "Roncesvalles" "Rovira" "Saldaña"
[931] "San Antonio" "San Luís" "San Sebastian de Mariquita"
[934] "Santa Isabel" "Valle de San Juan" "Venadillo"
[937] "Villahermosa" "Villarrica" "Alcalá"
[940] "Andalucía" "Ansermanuevo" "Buenaventura"
[943] "Bugalagrande" "Caicedonia" "Calima"
[946] "Cartago" "Dagua" "El Águila"
[949] "El Cairo" "El Cerrito" "El Dovio"
[952] "Florida" "Ginebra" "Guacarí"
[955] "Guadalajara de Buga" "Jamundí" "La Cumbre"
[958] "Obando" "Palmira" "Pradera"
[961] "Riofrío" "Roldanillo" "Santiago de Cali"
[964] "Sevilla" "Toro" "Trujillo"
[967] "Tuluá" "Ulloa" "Versalles"
[970] "Vijes" "Yotoco" "Yumbo"
[973] "Zarzal" "Carurú" "Mitú"
[976] "Pacoa" "Papunahua" "Taraira"
[979] "Yavaraté" "Cumaribo" "La Primavera"
[982] "Puerto Carreño" "San Jose de Ocune" "Santa Rita"
[985] "Santa Rosalía" Continuando con el departamento de Bolívar:
Recortar una área (departamento de Bolívar)
Se va a encerrar con una caja el departamento, para que se muestran sus límites.
(sbox <- gadm_getBbox(Bolívar)) xmin ymin xmax ymax
-75.797638 6.979202 -73.768997 10.801529 Estructura de la caja que encierra al departamento de Bolívar
str(sbox) 'bbox' Named num [1:4] -75.8 6.98 -73.77 10.8
- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "xmin" "ymin" "xmax" "ymax"
- attr(*, "crs")=List of 2
..$ epsg : int 4326
..$ proj4string: chr "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs"
..- attr(*, "class")= chr "crs"Ahora se va a seguir estudiando el departamento Bolívar recortándolo en unos lítes específicos (más grandes a los de la caja)
(STUDY_AREA <- gadm_crop(DEPTOS, xmin=-75.8, ymin=6.98, xmax=-73.77, ymax=10.8))although coordinates are longitude/latitude, st_intersection assumes that they are planar
attribute variables are assumed to be spatially constant throughout all geometries$basename
[1] "./"
$sf
Simple feature collection with 8 features and 5 fields
geometry type: GEOMETRY
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -75.8 ymin: 6.98 xmax: -73.77 ymax: 10.8
epsg (SRID): 4326
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
ISO NAME_0 NAME_1 TYPE_1 ENGTYPE_1 geometry
12 COL Colombia Antioquia Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.8 7.442...
27 COL Colombia Atlántico Departamento Department POLYGON ((-74.8816 10.341, ...
28 COL Colombia Bolívar Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.79681 1...
3 COL Colombia Cesar Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-73.77 7.72...
5 COL Colombia Córdoba Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.5851 7....
11 COL Colombia Magdalena Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.42792 1...
20 COL Colombia Santander Departamento Department POLYGON ((-73.90266 6.98, -...
21 COL Colombia Sucre Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.78902 9...
$level
[1] 1
$hasBGND
[1] FALSE
attr(,"class")
[1] "gadm_sf" Departamentos vecinos a Bolívar
gadm_plot(STUDY_AREA)
Obtención de un simple future
DEPTOS$sfSimple feature collection with 32 features and 5 fields
geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -81.84153 ymin: -4.228429 xmax: -66.87033 ymax: 15.91247
epsg (SRID): 4326
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
First 10 features:
ISO NAME_0 NAME_1 TYPE_1 ENGTYPE_1 geometry
1 COL Colombia Amazonas Comisaría Commissiary MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.43138 -...
12 COL Colombia Antioquia Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-76.99986 8...
23 COL Colombia Arauca Intendencia Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-69.92316 6...
27 COL Colombia Atlántico Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.8816 10...
28 COL Colombia Bolívar Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.79681 1...
29 COL Colombia Boyacá Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-74.2158 5....
30 COL Colombia Caldas Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.3569 4....
31 COL Colombia Caquetá Intendencia Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-73.88365 -...
32 COL Colombia Casanare Intendencia Intendancy MULTIPOLYGON (((-72.6363 4....
2 COL Colombia Cauca Departamento Department MULTIPOLYGON (((-77.97681 2...Como ya se instaló la librería mapview, se va a llamar la librería
Llamado de librería
install.packages("mapview")Error in install.packages : Updating loaded packagesEste código es para suprimir mensajes de Warning al momemto de llamar la librería mapview y posteriormente se va a realizar un mapa
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(mapview))
DEPTOS$sf %>% mapview(zcol = "NAME_1", legend = TRUE, col.regions = sf.colors)Por último se va a plotear los municipios del departamento Bolívar
muncB <- gadm_subset(MUNICIPIOS, 1, "Bolívar", usevar = NULL)Ahora se van a plotear los municipios de Bolívar
Se toma la variable de los MUNICIPIOS indicando que me voy a centrar en los municipios, luego se coloca el numero 1 y el departamento escogido. se van a extraer los municipios de Bolívar
BOL_mun <- gadm_subset(MUNICIPIOS, 1, "Bolívar", usevar = NULL)
BOL_mun$sf %>% mapview(zcol = "NAME_2", legend = TRUE, col.regions = sf.colors)class(BOL_mun$sf)[1] "sf" "data.frame"library(rgdal)
shape <- read_sf(dsn = "2Cuaderno.Rmd" , layer = "SHAPEFILE")Error: Cannot open "C:\Users\usuagro\Downloads\2Cuaderno.Rmd"; The source could be corrupt or not supported. See `st_drivers()` for a list of supported formats.escribir un simple feauture aca no le pasé ruta, lo puse todo en el mismo cajón
ESTA ES LA TAREA QUE NO SUPE HACER
st_write(BOL_mun$sf, "mbolivar.shp") Writing layer `mbolivar' to data source `mbolivar.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Writing 36 features with 6 fields and geometry type Multi Polygon.nbolivar = st_read("./mbolivar.shp")Reading layer `mbolivar' from data source `G:\Cursos\geomatica1\mbolivar.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 36 features and 6 fields
geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
dimension: XY
bbox: xmin: -75.79764 ymin: 6.979202 xmax: -73.769 ymax: 10.80153
epsg (SRID): 4326
proj4string: +proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defsclass(BOL_mun)[1] "sf" "tbl_df" "tbl" "data.frame"Componentes del objeto
str(BOL_mun)que puede hacer el objeto
methods(class = "sf")st_write(BOL_mun, "BOL_mun.shp")Point_1 <- st_point(c(150,300))
plot(Point_1)LS0tDQp0aXRsZTogIk1pIHByaW1lciBjdWFkZXJubzogQ29sb21iaWEgeSBlbCBkZXBhcnRhbWVudG8gZGUgQm9sw612YXIiDQphdXRob3I6IFNhcmEgRGFuaWVsYSBWYW5lZ2FzIEdhcnrDs24NCmRhdGU6IDkgZGUgb2N0dWJyZSBkZSAyMDE5DQpvdXRwdXQ6IGh0bWxfbm90ZWJvb2sNCi0tLQ0KRWwgc2lndWllbnRlIHByb3llY3RvIHRpZW5lIGNvbW8gb2JqZXRpdm8gcmVhbGl6YXIgdW4gbWFwYSBkZSBDb2xvbWJpYSBpZGVudGlmaWNhbmRvIGxhcyBjb29yZGVuYWRhcyBkZSBzdXMgcHVudG9zIGV4dHJlbW9zLCBzdXMgMzIgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvcyB5IHN1cyBtdW5pY2lwaW9zLiBTaW4gZW1iYXJnbyBlc3RlIHByb3llY3RvIHZhIGEgZXN0YXIgZW5mb2NhZG8gZW4gZWwgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvIGRlIEJvbMOtdmFyLCBjb25vY2llbmRvIGFzw60gc3VzIGNvb3JkZW5hZGFzLCBkZXBhcnRhbWVudG9zIHZlY2lub3MgeSBzdXMgbXVuaWNpcGlvcy4NClBvciBsbyB0YW50byBhbnRlcyBkZSBlbXBlemFyIGNvbiBlbCBtYXBhIGRlIENvbG9tYmlhIHNlIHZhbiBhIHRlbmVyIHVub3MgY29ub2NpbWllbnRvcyBwcmV2aW9zIHNlZ8O6biB1biBlamVtcGxvIGVuIFJzdHVkaW8uIA0KDQpFamVtcGxvIGRlIFJTdHVkaW86DQpgYGB7cn0NCnBsb3QoY2FycykNCmBgYA0KDQpBbnRlcyBkZSBjb21lbnphciBjb24gbGEgcmVhbGl6YWNpw7NuIGRlIG1hcGFzLCBlcyBuZWNlc2FyaW8gaW5zdGFsYXIgcHJldmlhbWVudGUgY2llcnRhcyBsaWJyZXLDrWFzLCBjb21vIGxvIHNvbiB0aWR5dmVyc2UsIHNmLCBHQURNVG9vbHMgeSBtYXB2aWV3Lg0KDQojIyMgTGxhbWFkbyBkZSBsaWJyZXLDrWFzDQpgYGB7cn0NCmxpYnJhcnkodGlkeXZlcnNlKQ0KbGlicmFyeShzZikNCmxpYnJhcnkoR0FETVRvb2xzKQ0KbGlicmFyeShtYXB2aWV3KQ0KYGBgDQpVbiBlamVtcGxvIGRlIHVuIG1hcGEgZGUgQ2Fyb2xpbmEgZGVsIE5vcnRlLCBkb25kZSBzZSBtdWVzdHJhbiBzdXMgMTAwIGNvbmRhZG9zIHkgZWwgbsO6bWVybyBkZSBuYWNpbWllbnRvcyBlbiBjYWRhIHVubyBlbiBlbCBhw7FvIDE5NzQuDQpgYGB7cn0NCnN5c3RlbS5maWxlKCJncGtnL25jLmdwa2ciLCBwYWNrYWdlID0gInNmIikgJT4lDQogIHJlYWRfc2YoKSAlPiUNCiAgc3RfdHJhbnNmb3JtKDMyMTE5KSAlPiUNCiAgc2VsZWN0KEJJUjc0KSAlPiUNCiAgDQogIHBsb3QoZ3JhdGljdWxlID0gVFJVRSwgYXhlcyA9IFRSVUUpDQpgYGANCkEgY29udGludWFjacOzbiB1bmEgdGFibGEgZG9uZGUgc2UgaGFjZSB1bmEgaW50ZXJwcmV0YWNpw7NuIGRlbCBtYXBhIGFudGVyaW9yLCBsb3MgZGF0b3MgcXVlIGVzdMOhbiBhaMOtLg0KYGBge3J9DQoocmVhZF9zZihzeXN0ZW0uZmlsZSgiZ3BrZy9uYy5ncGtnIiwgcGFja2FnZSA9ICJzZiIpKSkNCmBgYA0KQWhvcmEgc2ksIGVudHJhbmRvIGVuIG1hdGVyaWEgc2UgdmFuIGEgb2J0ZW5lciBsb3MgZGF0b3MgYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRpdm9zIGRlbCBwYcOtcyBDb2xvbWJpYSwgZG9uZGUgc2UgdmVuIGxhcyBjb29yZGVuYWRhcyBkZSBsb3MgZXN0cmVtb3MgZGVsIHBhw61zLiANCg0KIyMjIENvbW8geWEgc2UgaW5zdGFsw7MgbGEgbGlicmVyw61hIEdBRE1Ub29scywgc2UgdmEgYSBjYXJnYXIgbGEgbGlicmXDrWEuDQpgYGB7cn0NCmxpYnJhcnkoR0FETVRvb2xzKQ0KQ09MIDwtIGdhZG1fc2ZfbG9hZENvdW50cmllcyhjKCJDT0wiKSwgbGV2ZWw9MCwgYmFzZWZpbGU9Ii4vIikNCkNPTA0KYGBgDQpDb24gbG9zIGRhdG9zIG9idGVuaWRvczoNCg0KIyMjIEFob3JhIHNlIHZhIGEgcGxvdGVhciBhIENvbG9tYmlhIGEgbml2ZWwgMA0KYGBge3J9DQpnYWRtX3Bsb3QoQ09MKQ0KYGBgDQoNCiMjIyBQb3N0ZXJpb3JtZW50ZSBzZSB2YW4gYSBleHRyYWVyIGRlcGFydGFtZW50b3MgKGkuZS4gbGV2ZWwgMSkNCmBgYHtyfQ0KREVQVE9TIDwtIGdhZG1fc2ZfbG9hZENvdW50cmllcyhjKCJDT0wiKSwgbGV2ZWwgPSAxLCBiYXNlZmlsZSA9ICIuLyIpDQpnYWRtX3Bsb3QoREVQVE9TKQ0KYGBgDQojIyMgWSBwb3Igw7psdGltbyBzZSB2YW4gYSBwbG90ZWFyIHN1cyBtdW5pY2lwaW9zIChuaXZlbCAyKQ0KYGBge3J9DQpNVU5JQ0lQSU9TIDwtIGdhZG1fc2ZfbG9hZENvdW50cmllcyhjKCJDT0wiKSwgbGV2ZWwgPSAyLCBiYXNlZmlsZSA9ICIuLyIpDQpnYWRtX3Bsb3QoTVVOSUNJUElPUykNCmBgYA0KQ29tbyBzZSBjb21lbnTDsyBhbnRlcmlvcm1lbnRlLCBhaG9yYSBzZSB2YSBhIGhhY2VyIMOpbmZhc2lzIGVuIGVsIGRlcGFydGFtZW50byBkZSBCb2zDrXZhci4NCg0KIyMjIEFob3JhIHNlIHZhIGEgcGxvdGVhciBhbCBkZXBhcnRhbWVudG8gQm9sw612YXINCmBgYHtyfQ0KQm9sw612YXIgPC0gZ2FkbV9zdWJzZXQoREVQVE9TLCBsZXZlbD0xLCByZWdpb25zPSJCb2zDrXZhciIpDQpnYWRtX3Bsb3QoQm9sw612YXIpICU+JSBnYWRtX3Nob3dOb3J0aCgidGwiKSAlPiUgZ2FkbV9zaG93U2NhbGUoImJsIikNCmBgYA0KDQpBbnRlcyBkZSBjb250aW51YXIgY29uIGVsIGRlcGFydGFtZW50bywgc2UgdmEgYSBvYnRlbmVyIHVuYSBsaXN0YSBkZSBsb3MgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvcyB5IG11bmljaXBpb3MgZGUgQ29sb21iaWEuDQoNCiMjIyBMaXN0YSBkZSBsb3MgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvcw0KYGBge3J9DQpsaXN0TmFtZXMoREVQVE9TLCAxKQ0KYGBgDQoNCiMjIyBMaXN0YSBkZSBsb3MgbXVuaWNpcGlvcyBkZSBDb2xvbWJpYQ0KYGBge3J9DQpsaXN0TmFtZXMoTVVOSUNJUElPUywgMikNCmBgYA0KQ29udGludWFuZG8gY29uIGVsIGRlcGFydGFtZW50byBkZSBCb2zDrXZhcjoNCg0KIyMjIFJlY29ydGFyIHVuYSDDoXJlYSAoZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvIGRlIEJvbMOtdmFyKQ0KU2UgdmEgYSBlbmNlcnJhciBjb24gdW5hIGNhamEgZWwgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvLCBwYXJhIHF1ZSBzZSBtdWVzdHJhbiBzdXMgbMOtbWl0ZXMuDQpgYGB7cn0NCihzYm94IDwtIGdhZG1fZ2V0QmJveChCb2zDrXZhcikpDQpgYGANCiMjIyBFc3RydWN0dXJhIGRlIGxhIGNhamEgcXVlIGVuY2llcnJhIGFsIGRlcGFydGFtZW50byBkZSBCb2zDrXZhcg0KYGBge3J9DQpzdHIoc2JveCkNCmBgYA0KDQojIyMgQWhvcmEgc2UgdmEgYSBzZWd1aXIgZXN0dWRpYW5kbyBlbCBkZXBhcnRhbWVudG8gQm9sw612YXIgcmVjb3J0w6FuZG9sbyBlbiB1bm9zIGzDrXRlcyBlc3BlY8OtZmljb3MgKG3DoXMgZ3JhbmRlcyBhIGxvcyBkZSBsYSBjYWphKQ0KYGBge3J9DQooU1RVRFlfQVJFQSA8LSBnYWRtX2Nyb3AoREVQVE9TLCB4bWluPS03NS44LCB5bWluPTYuOTgsIHhtYXg9LTczLjc3LCB5bWF4PTEwLjgpKQ0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgDQpgYGANCiMjIyBEZXBhcnRhbWVudG9zIHZlY2lub3MgYSBCb2zDrXZhcg0KYGBge3J9DQpnYWRtX3Bsb3QoU1RVRFlfQVJFQSkNCmBgYA0KIyMjIE9idGVuY2nDs24gZGUgdW4gc2ltcGxlIGZ1dHVyZSANCmBgYHtyfQ0KREVQVE9TJHNmDQpgYGANCkNvbW8geWEgc2UgaW5zdGFsw7MgbGEgbGlicmVyw61hIG1hcHZpZXcsIHNlIHZhIGEgbGxhbWFyIGxhIGxpYnJlcsOtYQ0KDQojIyMgTGxhbWFkbyBkZSBsaWJyZXLDrWEgDQpgYGB7cn0NCmluc3RhbGwucGFja2FnZXMoIm1hcHZpZXciKQ0KYGBgDQoNCiMjIyBFc3RlIGPDs2RpZ28gZXMgcGFyYSBzdXByaW1pciBtZW5zYWplcyBkZSBXYXJuaW5nIGFsIG1vbWVtdG8gZGUgbGxhbWFyIGxhIGxpYnJlcsOtYSBtYXB2aWV3IHkgcG9zdGVyaW9ybWVudGUgc2UgdmEgYSByZWFsaXphciB1biBtYXBhDQpgYGB7cn0NCnN1cHByZXNzUGFja2FnZVN0YXJ0dXBNZXNzYWdlcyhsaWJyYXJ5KG1hcHZpZXcpKQ0KREVQVE9TJHNmICU+JSBtYXB2aWV3KHpjb2wgPSAiTkFNRV8xIiwgbGVnZW5kID0gVFJVRSwgY29sLnJlZ2lvbnMgPSBzZi5jb2xvcnMpDQpgYGANCg0KIyMjIFBvciDDumx0aW1vIHNlIHZhIGEgcGxvdGVhciBsb3MgbXVuaWNpcGlvcyBkZWwgZGVwYXJ0YW1lbnRvIEJvbMOtdmFyDQpgYGB7cn0NCm11bmNCIDwtIGdhZG1fc3Vic2V0KE1VTklDSVBJT1MsIDEsICJCb2zDrXZhciIsIHVzZXZhciA9IE5VTEwpDQpgYGANCiMjIyBBaG9yYSBzZSB2YW4gYSBwbG90ZWFyIGxvcyBtdW5pY2lwaW9zIGRlIEJvbMOtdmFyDQpTZSB0b21hIGxhIHZhcmlhYmxlIGRlIGxvcyBNVU5JQ0lQSU9TIGluZGljYW5kbyBxdWUgbWUgdm95IGEgY2VudHJhciBlbiBsb3MgbXVuaWNpcGlvcywgbHVlZ28gc2UgY29sb2NhIGVsIG51bWVybyAxIHkgZWwgIGRlcGFydGFtZW50byBlc2NvZ2lkby4gc2UgdmFuIGEgZXh0cmFlciBsb3MgbXVuaWNpcGlvcyBkZSBCb2zDrXZhciAgDQpgYGB7cn0NCkJPTF9tdW4gPC0gZ2FkbV9zdWJzZXQoTVVOSUNJUElPUywgMSwgIkJvbMOtdmFyIiwgdXNldmFyID0gTlVMTCkNCg0KQk9MX211biRzZiAlPiUgbWFwdmlldyh6Y29sID0gIk5BTUVfMiIsIGxlZ2VuZCA9IFRSVUUsIGNvbC5yZWdpb25zID0gc2YuY29sb3JzKQ0KYGBgDQoNCmBgYHtyfQ0KY2xhc3MoQk9MX211biRzZikNCg0KYGBgDQoNCmBgYHtyfQ0KbGlicmFyeShyZ2RhbCkNCnNoYXBlIDwtIHJlYWRfc2YoZHNuID0gIjJDdWFkZXJuby5SbWQiICwgbGF5ZXIgPSAiU0hBUEVGSUxFIikNCmBgYA0KZXNjcmliaXIgdW4gc2ltcGxlIGZlYXV0dXJlIGFjYSBubyBsZSBwYXPDqSBydXRhLCBsbyBwdXNlIHRvZG8gZW4gZWwgbWlzbW8gY2Fqw7NuIA0KDQojIyMgRVNUQSBFUyBMQSBUQVJFQSBRVUUgTk8gU1VQRSBIQUNFUg0KYGBge3J9DQpzdF93cml0ZShCT0xfbXVuJHNmLCAibWJvbGl2YXIuc2hwIikgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgDQpgYGANCmBgYHtyfQ0KbmJvbGl2YXIgPSBzdF9yZWFkKCIuL21ib2xpdmFyLnNocCIpDQpgYGANCmBgYHtyfQ0KY2xhc3MoQk9MX211bikNCmBgYA0KIA0KDQpDb21wb25lbnRlcyBkZWwgb2JqZXRvDQpgYGB7cn0NCnN0cihCT0xfbXVuKQ0KYGBgDQpxdWUgcHVlZGUgaGFjZXIgZWwgb2JqZXRvDQpgYGB7cn0NCm1ldGhvZHMoY2xhc3MgPSAic2YiKQ0KYGBgDQoNCmBgYHtyfQ0Kc3Rfd3JpdGUoQk9MX211biwgIkJPTF9tdW4uc2hwIikNCmBgYA0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0KYGBge3J9DQpQb2ludF8xIDwtIHN0X3BvaW50KGMoMTUwLDMwMCkpDQpwbG90KFBvaW50XzEpDQpgYGANCg0K