VFT: Biology 2019 Report

Demographics

non_VR

	count	average	average	Female	Male
non_VR	114	19.84211	19.84211	71	43

VR

	count	average	average	Female	Male
VR	123	19.92683	19.92683	77	46

SOD

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: non_VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 114  3.3 0.65   3.43    3.34 0.64 1.47 4.4  2.93 -0.57    -0.32
##      se
## X1 0.06

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min  max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 123 3.39 0.65    3.4    3.42 0.69 1.73 4.67  2.93 -0.25    -0.55
##      se
## X1 0.06

## 
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  group1.dataframe$value and group2.dataframe$value
## t = -1.0528, df = 233.88, p-value = 0.2935
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.25600236  0.07768258
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##   3.30000   3.38916

Field trip enjoyment

(a) I enjoyed the field trip (outdoor lab) to Millbrook Marsh.

(b) I learned a lot from the field trip.

(c) Given the possibility, I would do the field trip again.

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: non_VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 114 3.73 1.01      4    3.83 0.99   1   5     4 -0.75    -0.08
##      se
## X1 0.09

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 123 3.76 0.89   3.67    3.81 0.99 1.67   5  3.33 -0.34    -0.72
##      se
## X1 0.08

## 
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  group1.dataframe$value and group2.dataframe$value
## t = -0.22603, df = 225.59, p-value = 0.8214
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.2723750  0.2163203
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##  3.728070  3.756098

Team work

(d) Working in a group helped to increase my understanding of the material.

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: non_VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 114 3.76 1.18      4    3.91 1.48   1   5     4 -0.83     -0.1
##      se
## X1 0.11

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis  se
## X1    1 123 3.98 1.09      4    4.11 1.48   1   5     4 -0.74    -0.51 0.1

## 
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  group1.dataframe$value and group2.dataframe$value
## t = -1.4384, df = 229.63, p-value = 0.1517
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.50346930  0.07856558
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##  3.763158  3.975610

Spatial Situation Model (SSM)

##“Even now, I could still draw a plan of the spatial environment I observed.”
##“Even now, I could still find my way around the spatial environment.”
##“Even now, I still have a concrete mental image of the spatial environment.”
##“In my mind’s eye, I was able to clearly see the arrangements of the objects presented.”
##“I was able to make a good estimate of the size of the spatial environment.”
##“I was able to make a good estimate of how far apart things were from each other.”
##“I was able to imagine the arrangement of the space very well.”
##“I had a precise idea of the spatial surroundings.”

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: non_VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 114 3.77 0.71   3.88    3.81 0.74 1.62   5  3.38 -0.49    -0.02
##      se
## X1 0.07

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 123  3.8 0.76   3.88    3.84 0.74 1.88   5  3.12 -0.31    -0.25
##      se
## X1 0.07

## 
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  group1.dataframe$value and group2.dataframe$value
## t = -0.34383, df = 234.98, p-value = 0.7313
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.2217410  0.1558445
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##  3.771930  3.804878

Information source

(m) Which information sources best prepared you for this field trip? (choose at most two)

non_VR

	Direct communication from my professors or TAs	Class lecture	Course materials	Other
non_VR	90 / 78.9%	41 / 36.0%	40 / 35.1%	4 / 3.51%

VR

	Direct communication from my professors or TAs	The VR tour	Class lecture	Other	Course materials
VR	67 / 54.5%	89 / 72.4%	27 / 22.0%	4 / 3.25%	23 / 18.7%

Learning experience

(b) I learned a lot from the field trip.

(n) I found the actual field trip experience helpful to learn about Millbrook Marsh.

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: non_VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 114 3.84 0.89      4    3.92 0.74 1.5   5   3.5 -0.66    -0.12
##      se
## X1 0.08

## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## group: VR
##    vars   n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 123 3.88 0.81      4    3.93 0.74   2   5     3 -0.46    -0.55
##      se
## X1 0.07

## 
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  group1.dataframe$value and group2.dataframe$value
## t = -0.32443, df = 227.72, p-value = 0.7459
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -0.2542505  0.1823634
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y 
##  3.842105  3.878049

Correlation matrix

non_VR

## [1] "Non_VR"
## 
##                        row                  column       cor            p
## 1                      SOD    Field trip enjoyment 0.1682942 7.347377e-02
## 2                      SOD               Team work 0.1331805 1.577709e-01
## 3     Field trip enjoyment               Team work 0.5527327 1.814469e-10
## 4                      SOD Spatial Situation Model 0.5456075 3.440426e-10
## 5     Field trip enjoyment Spatial Situation Model 0.3776348 3.442183e-05
## 6                Team work Spatial Situation Model 0.2816056 2.403246e-03
## 7                      SOD     Learning experience 0.1729823 6.569613e-02
## 8     Field trip enjoyment     Learning experience 0.9190877 0.000000e+00
## 9                Team work     Learning experience 0.5826828 1.037481e-11
## 10 Spatial Situation Model     Learning experience 0.3788211 3.236969e-05

## NULL

VR

## [1] "VR"
## 
##                        row                  column        cor            p
## 1                      SOD    Field trip enjoyment 0.13844147 1.267420e-01
## 2                      SOD               Team work 0.09317697 3.053333e-01
## 3     Field trip enjoyment               Team work 0.45386761 1.346811e-07
## 4                      SOD Spatial Situation Model 0.54668806 6.093659e-11
## 5     Field trip enjoyment Spatial Situation Model 0.42362014 1.049584e-06
## 6                Team work Spatial Situation Model 0.31989094 3.100084e-04
## 7                      SOD     Learning experience 0.21067221 1.933928e-02
## 8     Field trip enjoyment     Learning experience 0.86886038 0.000000e+00
## 9                Team work     Learning experience 0.55205406 3.622125e-11
## 10 Spatial Situation Model     Learning experience 0.47247661 3.437888e-08

## NULL

Two-way ANOVA

Gender x Condition on SSM

## [1] "non_VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## Gender: Female
##    vars  n mean  sd median trimmed  mad  min  max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 71 3.62 0.7   3.88    3.68 0.56 1.62 4.75  3.12 -0.68    -0.03
##      se
## X1 0.08
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## Gender: Male
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis  se
## X1    1 43 4.02 0.68      4    4.05 0.74 2.5   5   2.5 -0.25    -0.81 0.1
## [1] "VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## Gender: Female
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 77 3.74 0.82   3.75    3.78 0.56 1.88   5  3.12 -0.22    -0.52
##      se
## X1 0.09
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## Gender: Male
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis  se
## X1    1 46 3.91 0.65      4    3.93 0.65 2.12   5  2.88 -0.31     0.03 0.1

##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value  Pr(>F)   
## Gender             1   4.34   4.337   8.196 0.00458 **
## condition          1   0.07   0.068   0.128 0.72077   
## Gender:condition   1   0.68   0.680   1.286 0.25804   
## Residuals        233 123.30   0.529                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Gender x Condition on FT Enjoyment

## [1] "non_VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## Gender: Female
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 71 3.66 1.05      4    3.75 0.99   1   5     4 -0.63    -0.34 0.12
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## Gender: Male
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 43 3.84 0.95      4    3.95 0.99 1.33   5  3.67 -0.92     0.35
##      se
## X1 0.14
## [1] "VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## Gender: Female
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis  se
## X1    1 77 3.75 0.91   3.67    3.81 0.99 1.67   5  3.33 -0.36    -0.83 0.1
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## Gender: Male
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 46 3.76 0.87   3.83    3.81 0.99 1.67   5  3.33 -0.28    -0.63
##      se
## X1 0.13

##                   Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
## Gender             1   0.49  0.4941   0.546  0.461
## condition          1   0.05  0.0475   0.052  0.819
## Gender:condition   1   0.45  0.4499   0.497  0.481
## Residuals        233 210.75  0.9045

SOD x Condition on SSM

## [1] "non_VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## SOD: HIGH
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 60 4.09 0.57      4    4.11 0.56 2.62   5  2.38 -0.27    -0.36
##      se
## X1 0.07
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## SOD: LOW
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min  max range  skew kurtosis
## X1    1 54 3.42 0.69   3.44    3.45 0.65 1.62 4.62     3 -0.42    -0.46
##      se
## X1 0.09
## [1] "VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## SOD: HIGH
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 65  4.1 0.59      4    4.11 0.74 2.5   5   2.5    0    -0.67 0.07
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## SOD: LOW
##    vars  n mean  sd median trimmed  mad  min max range  skew kurtosis  se
## X1    1 58 3.47 0.8   3.44    3.47 0.74 1.88   5  3.12 -0.01    -0.52 0.1

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value   Pr(>F)    
## SOD             1  25.09  25.088  56.635 1.14e-12 ***
## condition       1   0.06   0.059   0.133    0.716    
## SOD:condition   1   0.03   0.030   0.068    0.795    
## Residuals     233 103.21   0.443                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

SOD x Condition on FT Enjoyment

## [1] "non_VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## SOD: HIGH
##    vars  n mean sd median trimmed  mad min max range skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 60 3.84  1      4    3.96 0.99   1   5     4 -0.9      0.3 0.13
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## SOD: LOW
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 54  3.6 1.02   3.67    3.68 0.99   1   5     4 -0.58    -0.44 0.14
## [1] "VR"
## 
##  Descriptive statistics by group 
## SOD: HIGH
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad min max range  skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 65 3.85 0.85   3.67    3.89 0.99   2   5     3 -0.21       -1 0.11
## -------------------------------------------------------- 
## SOD: LOW
##    vars  n mean   sd median trimmed  mad  min max range skew kurtosis   se
## X1    1 58 3.66 0.92   3.83     3.7 1.24 1.67   5  3.33 -0.4    -0.73 0.12

##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)  
## SOD             1   2.65  2.6478   2.951 0.0871 .
## condition       1   0.04  0.0450   0.050 0.8230  
## SOD:condition   1   0.03  0.0272   0.030 0.8618  
## Residuals     233 209.02  0.8971                 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Open-ended responses

Non_VR post

Non_VR post

What do you think are the main difference(s) of the actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh compared to other field trips or outdoor labs you have done (in this or other courses)?	What did you like most about your actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh?	What did you not like about your actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh?	Imagine if you had used the VR tour in the lab, what might have been the possible differences to your actual Millbrook Marsh field trip learning experience? (You can write N/A if you cannot imagine such possible differences.)	Please share any other thoughts you may have about using VR to supplement or support field trips in college education (e.g., potential challenges or opportunities).
none	the flowers	too long	n/a	n/a
I think the area itself was what was the most different	I thought that it was really beautiful-especially the streams	NA	I would have gotten very sick bc VR makes me very sick	I think they are a really good idea but for me personally, I don’t love VR field trips. I would rather go and be there in person.
I have not taken field trips in my other labs	I enjoyed being outside on a nice day	The timing of when our class went, cold in the morning and no pollinators	na	I think it is a good idea for those that have poor sense of direction, but I personally don’t like the feeling of VR.
I haven’t done any other outdoor field trips.	The scenery is beautiful.	It was a bit boring and tedious.	N/A	I would like to experience VR at some point.
we were more independent which was nice	getting to see all the bugs we were able to collect using the sweeping method in the meadow	I didn’t like sucking up the bugs using the pooter, as well as the time that we went just because the dew on the grass made everything really wet	n/a	I think it would be a cool experience to get an idea of where we would be going
i have not done any other field trips	the weather was nice	not enough bugs early	would have seen an overview of the area, not as necessary for the garden	it can be helpful for those who like to see an area before they go to it.
My only other field trip was to a highway for geoscience so Millbrook was much more interesting and relaxing.	Walking around and observing the different areas of life at Millbrook.	I had a good amount of extra time (around 30 minutes) after I recorded all of my pollinators.	I guess that I would have a better understanding of the terrain before I went. But I spent a lot of time walking around so I got a food feel for it.	Could use it to have shorter field trips, introducing the students to an area so they can jump right in when they get there. Eventually VR could be accurate enough to replace some field trips.
It was educational AND fun.	That the sun was out andI got to sit by a stream on the boardwalk.	Not finding a few labels to the plant species.	N/A	It helps to get an idea of spatial awareness and what to look for in the field.
I think the hands on experience with all the techniques we practice in lab the week before made us more prepared to collect data on this field trip.	I enjoyed how we had a large space to collect data where we could test so many possible variables or questions we had as a group.	I think that the time spent at the marsh was a bit too much. Shortening the time there by 30 minutes would make it more ideal because most groups had finished their species collection.	The weather and conditions of the area can’t really be seen in VR.	I feel like it would give a good idea on what the area looks like, but it wouldn’t give an accurate perception of the conditions there. I think its a good activity for introductions.
We have done a kick net lab in another course.	Sorting and finding new organisms.	Having to leave campus.	I don’t think that VR is a great supplement for learning. I would much rather go to the place myself and physically observe it.	My group did not use VR.
This is more interactive.	This trip was more hands on and interactive.	Everything was good.	N/A	N/A
I haven’t done one since high school. Felt similar to projects done in Environmental science	N/A	N/A	Better imagination of the environment beforehand	VR allows for better visualization of complex environments/concepts/things, so VR is a good addition to classrooms
How it was more independent work with our groups instead of being told what to do the entire time.	getting a hands on experience in my area	spending a lot of time in areas for other groups	N/A	would be a great decision for being able to get ready for any field trips so we can prepare properly
The field trip to Millbrook Marsh was more engaging than other field trips.	I enjoyed getting into the water and doing the kick nets.	Did not like sorting through all of the squirmy bugs.	We may have had a better understanding of the area before getting off of the bus.	It may better prepare students to be in the mindset of the project before arriving.
I haven’t had any other field trips	Being able to see how many different organisms lived in an environment we normally don’t see	Nothing	I feel like a VR field trip wouldn’t be as memorable or impactful as an actual one.	VR has it’s place in the classroom, but i don’t believe that is to replace field trips to local environments.
The main difference was that it was off campus in an ecosystem that has a wide range impact	Looking at bugs	The professor did all the work for us	yes	it doesn’t matter for stream groups because the professor didn’t have students use the kick net.
More hands-on	In the field experience	No VR	I would have actual experience before	N/A
It’s more hands on	Going in the streams and collecting the bugs	I wish we could have done more	N/A	N/A
First and only field trip in college	The guide was very informative and helpful when looking at different organisms and collection.	The temperature and the excessive amount of time to collect organisms.	VR tour would be inside but, pointless as you could not actually see the organisms.	Not sure. VR is used in my majors or future expertise.
we got to collect our own data for the group and analyze ourselves.	being at that location	wanted to go in the water more and collect own samples	maybe we could have gotten a quick preview of what the actual area was like.	Vr would have been great
Have never gone on other field trips	It was a nice area	Unnecessarily long, did not learn much, didn’t like playing with bugs	Spatial orientation	Could help eliminate the actual trip/ shorten length of trip
It was more interactive and hands on with the environment.	I liked working with new materials and learning how to use the equipment in the field.	We finished much earlier than the other groups and had to wait a long time.	I would have had a mental picture of the area ahead of time.	I don’t think VR should replace actual field trips but I do think it can be helpful to prepare for them.
I have not done any other so this one was the best	Finding slugs in the grass	Killing the grass hopper :(	We would not have been able to touch anything or enjoy the great outdoors	It is easier but you miss out on the filed trip experience
	The opportunity to learn outside of the classroom in a hands-on environment.	N/A	N/A	N/A
I have never done an outdoor lab in any other classes here	Trying the find the organisms we were looking for	the lectures about each of the areas	n/a	I don’t think VR would ever help because technology often slows down class
more involved with the environment	hands on	the working area at the steam	N/A	doesn’t allow hands on which is how many people learn
we were able to interact with the environment by actually getting in the stream and sample the organisms	interacting with the organisms	felt rushed	I would have had an idea of the setup of millbrook marsh before we got there	I wish we were able to use the VR
Everything that we are studying is centered around Millbrook Marsh and the topics that we are learning about. In addition, we are continuing to work with the data and information that we have observed last week, where as in many other outdoor labs it seems like we talk about it that day and never return to what we did there.	I really enjoy collecting the macro invertebrates from the stream.	I did not like that because of the fact that I chose to collect the organisms from the stream, I was not able to do a lot of the identifying and separating.	I would have had more of an understanding of where I was going and what I needed to be doing where, prior to getting there and needed to immediately start working.	I think that it can be a help tool to get students exposed to the environment and better prepare them for more efficient work at the site.
This is the only outdoor field trip I have taken within a course.	I liked being able to walk around and observe our surroundings. I also enjoyed how the professors and TAs walked around and filled us in on the things that we were observing. They also brought over unique species for us to observe and learn about.	I didn’t find anything about the trip that I didn’t like.	N/A	I think that support field trips are better than VR. Being able to experience it in reality I feel is still different from being in VR. I think students are already too exposed to technology and virtual realities through video games and societal technology. By getting them outside in today’s age is actually a good thing. It allows them to realize that the world is not constrained to technology itself and allows them not to take our environment for granted.
it was in a real environemtna nd ecosystem that is less bothered by students and traffic	getting outside the classroom	Touching bugs	The VR would have allowed for better expectations going in.	The field trip was good.
na	Gathering organisms	Not much	it would have been less immersive, and unrealistic.	It would be a good option for handicapped students who are unable to make it to areas like milbrook marsh. It would also be good to allow students to study remote areas that they would not go to.
this was the first outdoor field trip	working in a group	outdoors	n.a.	n.a.
I have never went on any field trips outside of this one at college.	I liked that this lab was very hands on and that we actually got to work with the macroinvertebrates.	Having to wait in the pavillion to leave.	n/a	I thought that touring the marsh when we got there was sufficient enough, and I do not think a VR tour would have helped me any.
I have never done outdoor field trips	being outside and seeing the different critters	there were spiders crawling on me on the bus	Would have had prior knowledge	we didnt use VR so i can not relate
I have not done any other outdoor labs.	I liked being outside rather than in the classroom.	I didn’t like working with the bugs.	It would have been less involved since we weren’t actually at Millbrook Marsh.	I think it is a great tool that should be used more in the classroom.
The faculty there to help guide and provide insight/	Seeing all the wildlife.	N/A	See the surrounding in real time, and see what’s all around me.	trying to get there on time and started
This was my first class field trip at PSU so I have nothing else to compare it to.	I liked getting out in the open and having a different scene rather than being in a lab the whole time.	I wish I would have been able to see some water more.	It would not have been near the same experience. It would have been nice if it was an awful storm or something to implement for when there is snow so there is no delay with the learning.	It could be helpful but nothing can compare to real life interactions.
NA	Walking around	NA	NA	NA
N/A	Catching the bugs	length of time	N/A	if you’re actually going to the physical location, what is the point of VR? Seems redundant
We had time to explore.	I liked being able to be in the area of Millbrook marsh, and to be outside.	It seemed liek we were there during a time when there was a decrease in pollinator activity. By 5:00, there wasnt much happening, it was cold, and we werent able to observe anything.	I dont think there would have been much of a difference.	you cant supplement being outside and observing with all senses.
	the weather that day	the bugs	I think i would’ve explored more because I wouldnt be scared of the bugs	I think its a great idea
This took longer, more intensive.	Being outside because the weather was beautiful.	How long it took.	Not actually being outside.	I think its a great idea especially if there are students with physical limitations.
This field trip was shorter, taking place during a single lab period.	It was nice to be outside in such a beautiful place with such great weather.	We didn’t have as many pollinators to observe as we thought we would.	It would have been nice to know the exact layout and size of the marsh before getting there.	I think it would be helpful to implement this technology, especially if actual trips aren’t possible.
	Being outside	Being done an hour early and waiting	Collecting insects	It would be useful to introduce the class to the area, but not to replace the field trip.
I liked that millbrook marsh allowed us to explore multiple different areas	traveling somewhere new	I wish I could have collected at all the locations and not just one	You would not have had the real life unpredictable events. Like not being able to take a picture of an insect. Or feeling the weather	The challenge would be not being able to touch organisms or have a real life feel
I never did an outside lab/ field trip for any of my other courses.	I liked the scenery. I enjoyed the nature.	How long we stayed. We didn’t need the whole class time.	The VR, I wouldn’t technically be in a naturalistic observance. I would still be manipulating the thought of being in a garden through the lab. I have more control with the VR experience than the actual hands on learning of going to the Marsh.	VR would have been good, if the VR recited what insects or plants I was observing to make classification easier.
There was not too much of a difference other than the tour of the area.	Getting to collect the invertebrates	N/A	N/A	N/A
This lab had clear objectives and being in an unfamiliar territory motivated me to learn.	Observing the plant pollinators	I felt we had a lot of time waiting around and wish we got to explore more of the area.	I don’t think it would have changed much.	N/A
We interacted with the environment at Millbrook Marsh where as on other trips we merely completed one procedure and left.	I enjoyed working with group members.	I did not like the subject matter, I would rather be examining vertebrates.	I would not have hesitated in walking around the spatial environment.	VR will definitely help. Use it.
	Actually sorting the invertebrates	The tour was a little disorganized, simply from the sheer size of the group trying to follow.	N/A	I feel like actually going to Marsh was really beneficial, and I’m not quite sure that this particular subject is the best place for VR.
I haven’t had other field trips	I enjoyed being outside	N/A	N/A	N/A
Honestly, not much difference. All the other field trips I’ve done have been to parks near PSU for invertebrate collection.	I thought the area was easy to navigate.	Nothing to complain about!	N/A	I didn’t use VR so I don’t think I can give a good answer to this.
I think it was more interesting than the tree measuring activity	it was a peaceful environment	nothing in particular good thing it was good weather	we may have been able to better identify our organisms	I did not have to use this thus im not sure
In my field trips for my other courses, our goals are extremely clear and we are expected to go out and execute our forest measurements in a timely and accurate manner. We are fully prepared to identify all of the trees we encounter. The field trip in this class was very relaxed, however, I did not feel that everyone was prepared and it took a really long time to get the lab done.	Being outside.	I didn’t like that we didn’t have access to microscopes or keys to key out the things we found. I thought the lab took an extremely long time for just a macro-invertebrate collection.	N/A	I personally get motion sickness, so I can’t use VR, but I feel like it could be a very helpful tool for those who are unfamiliar with areas of study.
	Getting outside	It was very long	N/A	N/A
We were able to see different environments than on campus and in a more natural environment	I enjoyed getting to go outside and see a stream and sit in the sun. And gathering our own data	N/A	I may have had a better understanding of how the different areas are arranged	VR is very helpful I think and allows us to see things we might not ever get to see otherwise.
I enjoyed experiencing Millbrook Marsh because it was nice to experience nature outside of the Penn State Campus and it was the first outdoor field trip I have experienced.	I enjoyed admiring the beautiful scenery at Millbrook Marsh and being surrounded by nature on a beautiful sunny day.	I did not enjoy the bug observing methodology and the use of a pooter.	If I had used the VR tour, I believe we would not have obtained as diverse of a sample of organisms.	So much of what we do in college is computerized so it was nice to go out into nature and observe the plants and wildlife instead of viewing them through a screen.
All prove to be very similar	Actually getting to be in the field and go out and experience everything by hand.	The unfortunate weather conditions for the pollinator group for that day.	N/A	It would not be the same or give the same general feeling and appreciation towards actually being in the field. Don’t use it.
I have never taken as many pictures and observations in a lab as I did at Millbrook Marsh, and I have never been as focused on one concrete goal and area.	I liked being outside and actually observing the organisms that we learn about in their natural environment.	I think it got a little long at some points, and was stressful to try to get good pictures of organisms because they were very small and moved quickly.	I may have been more prepared for what to expect but I’m not sure exactly how it would have changed my experience.	I think it could be a good alternative to field trips when they are not possible but I am not sure what it would add to a field trip experiment.
It was definitely more hands on then any of the others.	I liked how we would wait patiently and quietly for insects, it was very calming.	everything about the trip was good	The actual trip is more memorable and you will probably grasp more information from it.	I definitely support field trips like the one to millbrook marsh because it was a different scenery and i was nice to get away for a little.
Duration. Other field trips for Geology are much longer and more involved	Taking photos of all the invertebrates. It was fun to have to stay still and let them get adjusted to you.	Nothing. It was a good trip	Nothing can replace the screech of my lab partner when she ran into a spider web. VR can try, but I give it a few years before the technology can truly replicated that.	Good chance to have a dry run and prepare students for the trip before you actually go.
	Being able to be outside	Some group had a lot more to work with than others.	Some animals and environmental differences in person.	I think hands on learning is better.
Millbrook Marsh was a hands on field trip	The ability to be exposed to outdoor life and have hands on	Nothing, I loved it.	Possible exposure and more familiarity with the landscape around	Can be helpful, pre-exposure can prepare students better
Much more interactive, hands-on and required working together and a well-oiled team to succeed.	Looking for bugs in the water.	How long it took to get back.	Maybe making navigating the marsh faster, saving time.	N/A
Getting to enter the stream and collect specimen myself	Being outdoors! The Marsh really is a beautiful nature preserve, and it was so much better to see the specimen in real life than in	The water went over my boots and my jeans got wet…. Also, I fell in the mud, which was not fun given how cold the morning.	N/A	Giving people a sense of the area they’ll be studying before actually going there can save time in explaining where things are. I’m more of a map-oriented person, however, and would have done just as well seeing a map of the marsh areas being studies.
The weather was nice and was able to enjoy the outdoors experience.	I liked being able to sample the river water and then separate out different types of macroinvertebrates	I did not like the necessity of having to comb and comb and comb for more types even though we already had 6+ types.	My perception of the depth of the river and distances would be skewed	I think it would be a good primer into the trip before as a way to prepare students procedure wise.
It was a real place, not a set up environment, and it had a variety of areas.	Fishing out organisms in the water	I didn’t like having to wait for everyone else.	Temperature and insects versus being in an air conditioned building.	NA
This was an engaging experience just due to the fact we left the classroom and got our hands dirty. I felt like it was more involving due to that aspect.	How engaging it was by virtue of what must have been done to complete the corresponding lab assignment.	Nothing in particular.	N/A	N/A
This is the first field trip where I could make hands on interactions rather than an outdoor lecture.	Overall, the environmental was very peaceful and an enjoyable start to my day.	Personally, I selected a random grouping but had I known more details about other groups such as the Stream, I feel I would have selected that spot.	I am not sure what difference could be made, but I prefer being in the actual environment especially since it was actually in nature.	Depending on the context, I would be interested in the capabilities of VR in college education.
This feild trip was much more involved and hands on.	I enjoyed actually getting to collect data with my group and to learn in the field	I wish we could have stayed a little longer	I would have had a better understanding of the area before hand and would have been better prepared for what I was going to do	I think it would have been helpful to use VR for me personaly so that once students get to a location they have a better idea of what to do.
We were split into different groups and focused on one area	Discovering everything that lives in the water	nothing specifically	I would know where things were before getting there and rely less on my TA for instructions	You would be able to see new places but not get the feel of being there
only field trip I’ve done here	wasn’t raining	stuck there all afternoon	N/A	motion sickness prevents me from using VR
more hands on and independent	Learning in a setting outside of the classroom	Nothing	N/A	N/A
I have not done another field trip with any other lab, so very different.	The scenery and the area	The bugs	N/A	N/A
We actually got in the stream (at least, I did to collect a sample). Field trips outdoors are mostly just looking at things, not measuring things.	The hands-on portion. Actually interacting with the environment and learning from it directly.	My groupmates didn’t feel like a group.	Maybe I would have a better memory of the spatial outlay of the marsh before going to it.	Augmented reality while at field trip sites if possible?
This is a very hands own trip where the steps of the assignment were all based on the students actions.	I liked interacting with the outdoors and seeing all the different elements (stream, meadows) at the Marsh.	I wish there was a better place/ space to analyze the organisms.	I would have had an idea of what the Marsh looked like and would not have to spend time getting use to my surroundings.	I like the idea of using VR because it could be effective when doing the assignment such as making it time efficient and getting an idea of what to do before getting to the Marsh.
This one was off campus so I got to experience a real environment that wasn’t as affected by human impacts.	Being able to enjoy nature on a nice sunny day.	I was in pollinators group so we finished earlier than the other groups and were waiting a while for them.	N/A	N/A
I have never been on an outdoor lab field trip	the nature	the bugs	N/A	I think it would have been a good way to show us what the field trip was going to be like
I like this outdoor lab was at an outside location instead of right outside Mueller Lab. Also very interesting to actually get to collect our own data.	I enjoyed getting to be outside and work hands on	nothing	N/A	I did not use VR but I do not think it makes that much of a difference to the education level of this trip.
The plethora of bugs and small organisms to observe	Being outside in the fresh	I did not find the tasks very intersting	N/A	May allow for a more complete understanding of the aims and area of the field trip
Millbrook Marsh was more hands on and very informational.	Being out in nature and observing the different organisms.	Nothing it was pretty great overall	Not able to interact with the environment, also the enviroment may not look the same since VR would be based on pictures of Millbrook Marsh which do not always match reality.	N/A
This trip was very hands on	Being able to get in the water	All the trash I found in the river	Maybe have a better idea of what the environment looked like before I got there.	I am very open to using VR in eduction.
it was a very hands on field trip. I have not done any other outdoor labs before.	I liked that we got to experience hand on activities	it was hot and muddy	N/A	you don’t get to experience the environment in virtual reality
I haven’t had any other field trips at Penn State but this one was interesting but still laid back .	It was a beautiful day and the activities gave us time to sit and think. I liked that we weren’t running all over the place .	I was slightly afraid of getting water on me because the group leader spilled some of the buckets.	VR tour wouldn’t have given you the experience of actually sorting the organisms and the patience from waiting for new organisms to appear in your sample .	Don’t use VR, definitely have the students go to Millbrook marsh weather permitting. The lab wouldn’t even be half the quality in VR and the students would believe it to be a useless activity.
I have not been a part of any other outdoor field trip so I would not be able to compare my experiences.	Being able to be out in nature without the noise that comes with a college town	The heat	The smell and aura that you experience when you go to Millbrook marsh	Although not ideal, I believe a VR experience could help those who would not be able to experience Millbrook Marsh otherwise.
The field trip to Millbrook Marsh was more involved than other field trips I have gone on here.	I enjoyed being outside instead of reading about outside.	I did not like sorting the organisms.	I would have had a better idea about where we were going.	I think it’s a good way to prepare students for a place before they go to it.
surrounded by nature	being around preserved territory	not much to do	No sense of direction as everything is through a lens. No smell, Feel of the area	I don’t think VR can substitute for actually being there and experiencing it for yourself. More physical trips would be useful especially in an ecology course
I have not done other field trips or outdoor labs.	I liked most the nature of Millbrook. It was calm and quiet.	I didn’t like how the group I was in, the meadow group, had to collect so many species. It took us a long time to separate and identify them.	The differences would have been experiencing the environment with the five senses as opposed to VR where you can only hear and see the environment, as close to the real thing as possible. Also, the tour is guided, so there would have been limits to the space you saw.	I think using VR is a good idea to replace a trip or in cases of limited resources or weather, but I would prefer the actual experience because it gives students the opportunity to learn hands-on and not be in classrooms, labs, or lecture halls all day.
The main difference with this field trip was being outdoors and doing a hands on activity where as other field trips I’ve been on were not as engaging for everyone.	I enjoyed being outdoors.	I did not like being around bees.	I possibly may have known what to expect of the area before arriving and going on the tour.	Using VR before exploring an outdoor area is interesting because you would have a sense of what the land is actually like compared to a map where you can’t perceive what the area really looks like.
I actually felt like I was gathering information and data instead of going through the motions.	I thought it was a pretty environment and found it interesting to see how many species lived there.	I didn’t like how difficult it was to obtain and take pictures of the amount of species we had to find. I think that if we had to do less species, the quality of the data would be better.	I wouldn’t actually feel like a researcher gathering data. I think it would have also been hard to see the bugs since they were very tiny.	I think that providing this opportunity can be very helpful for students that can’t physically go on the field trips. It can help them feel included.
	Picking out different macro-invertebrates from the stream samples.	Bumpy bus	I would’ve actually knew what to expects spatially.	I feel like using VR would help a lot of students understand numerous subjects better.
This was a much more serious outdoor trip. Usually in high school you do a bit of work then you can slack off and do whatever you please. In this class however, you are just meant to go in and go out.	I liked being able to work outside. After being used to sitting in a classroom all day getting to go somewhere new outside was refreshing.	I did not like how my group finished early but I was still required to stay.	I would have had a mental map of where I wanted to go.	none
I thought this field trip was more engaging than other field trips.	It was outside of the typical classroom setting.	The length of it was longer than it should have been. However, my group did finish significantly early.	N/A	VR can give an individual the general structure of the environment before they actually get there.
very hands on experience	getting different species from the stream and finding new ones	nothing	the descriptions and environment of the surroundings would be different	i think it is not a good idea to use VR
The Millbrook Marsh field trip had purpose. What I mean by that is, student groups were given specific assignments and the field trip was pitched as “stepping into the role of a naturalist”, as we conducted our observations. That little bit of student autonomy helped increase the overall experience.	I enjoyed the open air environment. It was nice to get outside for once. Besides that, being able to actually explore and see different organisms was enjoyable.	With the pollinator group, we finished early and had to wait for awhile for the other groups to finish.	We would be able to make a game plan based on the virtual reality tour so we would be better prepared once we got to Millbrook Marsh. However, VR should not be used as a supplement for the actual field trip. It is beneficial to actually go there and immerse yourself in the environment.	VR is an excellent educational tool when used as a supplemental source. It can be used as a main method of instruction when highlighting areas not currently accessible (like a secure lab in another part of the country, or looking at a Tundra biome while in Florida). But VR should be used in education settings as it is a valuable tool.
we took pictures of bugs.	It was pretty.	It was kinda boring.	n/a	To know where things are located
Most of my other field trips are in forestry or wildlife classes, where my peers are just as experienced if not more experienced going outside. To the biology lab, I was the most experienced doing field labs among any of my classmates, and many of them actively avoided getting muddy.	The spontaneity of going into the outdoors and not knowing what you are going to sample.	There were many other people to split the lab activities with. We got in each other’s way a bit.	There could be more individual interaction, with the elimination of travel time, at the expense of getting your feet wet and knowing what sampling in the field is actually like.	VR could be a useful and possibly cost-effective tool in many fields, with the advantage of accessibility and individual involvement, but in many cases should not entirely phase out field work.
N/A	Getting out of the lab	Time	I feel that it would have been easier to see everything when it was physically in front of you in real life.	I don’t really see the point, if you are not going to go on the field trip then you can just watch videos online or read about it.
It was more educational, it was a better way understand the concepts learning in lecture and in the lab manual.	Being able to be independent and trusted to do the task presented.	At first the temperature was not ideal for being out in the open for 2-2.5 hours.	I guess it wouldn’t be the same experience. The VR people didn’t have much as a hands on experience as the other groups and didn’t really have to take the task seriously.	Easy to grasp and understand the manual material.
It was very independent which gave for more opportunity to learn about the pollinators, the plants, and overall about Millbrook Marsh.	It was beautiful!	Weather caused difficulty in finding pollinators which took away from our trip.	Maybe the VR would have shown more organisms vs the amount I was able to see	Doesn’t give a realistic experience in regards to the challenges real life biologists can see on a daily basis..
interaction with living organisms	going outside	it was wet and the bugs drowned in the bag	I would not have remembered the area as well	A previous VR field trip I did made me dizzy and I couldn’t recall the area as well later on
The field trip to Millbrook Marsh was very hands-on. It wasn’t just a tour of the marsh and the facilities- we actually got to go in the stream and use the nets to catch invertebrates.	I enjoyed spending time outside and in the creek. Using the nets was a new experience for me.	I liked the whole trip, had a great time.	N/A	I think it would be cool to try VR in the future.
Never done other field trips	finding the different species	it was cold	n/a	Don’t think it will help much
This was my first field trip	Getting into the field to see how different organisms interact with one another, specifically pollinators and plants.	As pollinators, we didn’t do very much to learn about interactions rather we were just observing the environment for an extended period of time.	There would probably be less variety considering that VR tour is a simulation.	Field trips are better because they highlight real world interactions and randomness rather than set controls.
more hands on with the natural environment	sorting through the stream samples to find organisms	weather - cold when we arrived, but warmed up later	I don’t think it would have changed much about my experience, as we still took a tour when we arrived.	expensive, but possibly beneficial in getting more out a field trip
Being able to collect samples of organisms and identify them.	Being outdoors and observing the nature that is in Millbrook Marsh	Nothing, was overall a good field trip	Having prior knowledge of the environment we were going to and being able to think of places to sample ahead of time	Allows you to get an idea of where you will be sampling and what the environment is like ahead of time
This was the most fun.	I got to work in the stream all morning.	The waders the lab provided had a hole in the leg.	N/A	it’s not the same
I liked how Millbrook Marsh was very spread out and each group could have their own area. Also, this location was very close to school!	I liked how we (the students) did almost everything ourselves with a little guidance from the TAs. It was helpful to be see first hand the different topics were were discussing in class.	I wish we had more time at Millbrook Marsh.	If I had VR I think I would have been comparing everything I saw at the actual Millbrook Marsh to the VR.	I think VR is very convenient and can add a lot to a students understanding of material.
Live exposure to course subjects	It’s rather calming	Too many people strains actual work effort	No actual contact with specimens (Con)	Use VR to give students an idea on what to expect.
The water aspect of this trip was nice. Also getting hands on with the organisms was very exciting.	I loved the entire trip. Catching the different species was really exciting and actually getting to climb into a creek was very enjoyable. I had never caught a salamander before so I guess that was my favorite part.	The big spiders at the picnic area kind of freaked me out.	I suppose I would have gotten to see the other areas I wasn’t working in more thoroughly/clearly.	I think VR is a very exciting opportunity and could help prepare students for where they are about to go so they get a very clear idea of what they’ll see.
Going to a new environment and not just being on campus, provided me with a glimpse of a natural environment.	Observing the different environments, and how they are so close to one another but can look completely different and contain completely different species. I liked collecting new organisms and trying to identify them with my group.	There was nothing to dislike, I enjoyed myself.	N/A	I don’t think a VR experience will give you the full feel of actually being in an environment with different factors (temperature, time of day, etc.) that may affect the presence of different organisms and identifying why some organisms may be present and why others are not.
Millbrook Marsh had a lot more fields and stream for people to explore	Going out into nature and learning what lives there	There was nothing I didnt like	N/A	N/A
It was a lot more hands on, instead of just measuring something and/or getting a tour of a place, such as the Student Farm.	I liked the atmosphere that I was in, especially because it was in the morning. I also felt like it was closer to what research would look like instead of going to just lectures.	I didn’t like how wet it was in the meadow, but in the end, that’s nature and it cannot be helped. Other than that, everything was very nice!	I feel like it wouldn’t feel so real, although it would be VR, it wouldn’t necessarily be hands on. Also, being an environmental science focused major, it was nice to get to feel the reality of the environment.	Field trips will be a much more helpful in learning, especially for science heavy classes. It provides a hands-on experience instead of being bogged down by overwhelming lecture notes. I find it much easier to remember experiences rather than notes.
I really liked the Millbrook Marsh field trip because it wasn’t just a person telling me about the environment. I really enjoyed having hands on experience and having minimal assistance from teachers so we could earn on our own.	I really liked to interacts with nature and spend time outside	I liked everything.	I could have known the spacial orientation of the park	I think it would help to have microscopes

VR post

VR post

What do you think are the main difference(s) of the actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh compared to other field trips or outdoor labs you have done (in this or other courses)?	2a) What did you like most about your actual field trip (outdoor lab) to Millbrook Marsh?	2b) Relating to question 2a) – How, if any, did the VR tour contribute to the positive aspects of your actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh? (For example, maybe something you saw in the VR tour got you prepared or excited about a particular Millbrook Marsh lab activity.)	3a) What did you not like about your actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh?	3b) Relating to question 3a) – What are the possible way(s) that a more interactive and advanced VR system (not just the VR tour you used in the lab) could have helped mitigate the things you didn’t like about the actual field trip to Millbrook Marsh?(For example, maybe you didn’t learn a lab activity in depth at Millbrook Marsh, but you can do it repeatedly in VR before or after the actual field trip.)	Please share any other thoughts you may have about how VR (not just the VR tour you used in the lab) can supplement or support field trips in college education (e.g., potential challenges or opportunities).
Only field trip I have taken for a lab.	Didn’t have to sit in a lab.	It helped me know where I was going.	The length of the trip.	It would make it so that I would not have to go to the Marsh.	I’m not sure to be honest
I have never had an outdoor lab.	I liked being outdoors.		I did not like interacting with insects or being placed in this group without full understanding of what each groups tasked would be.	I feel the VR experience could replace the actual trip to millbrook marsh to save time and resources.	I think the VR helped to create a mental image of the trip prior to going.
It was a lot easier to get to so I didn’t have to miss any of my other classes.	I loved being outside instead of being in the lab	I think the VR gave me a better idea of what to expect and what the Marsh looked like before actually visiting.	We didn’t really get to collect a lot of data because we were in the pollinators group and they didn’t start coming out until we were about to leave.	Not sure.	Allow people to visit sites if they are unable to.
Hands off instruction	Group coordinated and worked well together	The VR Tour did not really contribute to the field trip	The tedious process of sorting different species of insects and spiders	Provide VR instruction of the best way to conduct lab tasks	VR can provide an in depth look at environments without leaving the classroom setting
we were able to do what we had to in groups	groups	gave me an idea of where to start	touching bugs, finished early and had to sit there	none	helpful when going in a big environment, gives you a good idea of where you will be going
I don’t think I have gone to a field trip similar to Millbrook Marsh for another class.	It was beautiful, fun, different, outside-of-classroom experience.	The VR tour allowed me to put a picture in my mind of what to expect. The pollinator garden is where I was gonna be at, so it was good to see beforehand.	I enjoyed it a lot. I didn’t think anything was bad.	Maybe watch a video online of Millbrook Marsh.	VR can allow others to see things they have never in the past. It could help heavily disabled people observe places they couldn’t see.
Haven’t done any other outdoor labs in college.	Working with others.	Allowed me to know the layout before arriving; better chance of not getting lost.	It was cold.	Wouldn’t be cold.	Go to class from dorm.
We didn’t learn what the organisms were or why they were found in that location/what adaptations allowed them to live in that niche.	Being outside	VR showed me what to expect.	Nothing	None	n/a
	The nature was nice	Gave me an approximate layout	It was cold.	Aside from tactile senses, no	Use it to show cellular division and microscopic stuff!
Traveling to an actual preserved location	Being outdoors doing real field work	Gave me a good general idea of the area we were going to.	N/A	N/A	Have VR tour show actual collection methods
The main difference was the transportation services.	I liked being outside and looking at organisms.	I was able to visualize the Marsh before I arrived which was nice.	I wish I brought boots so I could go into the stream.	If we had more control over the VR tour.	I really enjoyed the VR because I think it was different and refreshing in college life.
this one was more extensive	it was involving, rather than observatory	none	i liked being outdoors for once in my life	i was able to visualize the marsh before i arrived. however, it was different because we were on the ground	overall, i really enjoyed the marsh. it was interactive and involved all team members
I think we were able to work hands on at Millbrook Marsh.	I liked working in the stream group.	I was able to visualize the marsh before I arrived which helped me with my spatial recognition.	There is nothing I didn’t enjoy about the trip.	The VR system could help us interact with the different organisms we would see at the Marsh.	I feel like going into the field is more helpful then VR because it is more interactive and the student is placed in a real life scenario, which helps for future practice.
virtual reality vs. reality	collecting and counting organisms	collecting and counting organisms	I liked everything	I liked everything	all aspects of this lesson were a terrific learning expierence.
I mainly have only been on outdoor lab trips to Millbrook Marsh since I am from the area.	The utilization of the different areas compared to how I have used them before was more interesting.	It gave me an understanding as to how and what we would be doing during our time there.	N/A	N/A	I believe it gives a good intro to what we are going to be doing during the educational field trip, instead of going in cold and wasting time explaining different aspects.
This one actually interested me and engaged me in a helpful way	sorting and collecting organisms from the stream	It helped me get a mental image of my surroundings before actually ariving	Too many samples collected in too little time	n/a	It can put you somewhere you can’t physically get to right now which can be very useful
I have never been off campus for a field trip before.	It was nice to be outside. I had never even heard of Millbrook Marsh.	VR was a really cool way to get the class excited about going. At first, I wasn’t too excited when I heard about going to a marsh.	The VR tour was so informative, and when we got to the actual marsh the professor gave us ANOTHER tour taking about 20-30 min. I thought that this was a bit redundant and a waste of time since we had already seen the entire marsh via VR.	I thought it was sufficient. It would have been cool to use the hand controls to sweep for bugs with a net or something similar to that. However, this is probably a LOT more work and would also have a higher learning curve for students using VR for the first time.	I think that VR is a really great way to help students to visualize activities they will do in the future. It would be really cool to use in activity demos by actually involving the student a bit more instead of just watching the instructor do it through VR video.
This is the only field trip I have done in Lab	Seeing the streams	I saw the streams in the VR tour and got familiar with them	I wish I knew in advance how long it was going to be	VR would not have helped	I wish the VR allowed us to explore more and was less of a guided tour
Not much difference. Other field trips and labs were just as hands on as this one. The only difference is that the other labs, field trips did not have a VR tour.	Being in the stream I got to see things larger than macro-invertebrates which intrigue me more. I also got to learn some basic classifications of macros.	Seeing the layout of the marsh and the streams themselves got me excited. Especially seeing the size of Slab Cabin Run.	The long tour at the beginning when I already knew where things were from the VR tour.	Having the VR be a video and actually walk you along the tour as if you were there.	Can help people with physical movement disabilities get to experience the labs as well. VR can help give a brief overview of the landscape before setting foot on it.
	A break from being in a classroom		n/a	n/a	n/a
Very hands on	That it was hands on	Gave me an idea of what I would be working in	Sorting through so many macroinvertebrates	Being able to actually move through the marsh instead of just looking at a picture	It gives a good idea of what you can expect to be doing
The millbrook marsh tour was very constrained with what your group did in terms of activity engagement	I enjoyed being in the stream and trying to find macros	It made me excited to be in/ register for the field group	The activity involved essentially picking bugs from samples if we would not have been prepared/ allowed to get in the stream	It could have explained more that way when we arrived at Millbrook we could get right into the activity instead of walking around the park	I enjoyed the VR tour and feel that it has great potential to work more in the future
It was outside campus	It was somewhat away from the city	It helped prepare me mentally for the trip	N/A	N/A	Better audio
there was a lot of prep before the trip	being outdoors	it showed the techniques needed for the trip well	n/a	n/a	the vr was a little disorienting and blurry but could definitely help students in the future to prepare for complicated labs.
you only get to see things from one angle so its not as great as being able to walk around in the space itself	being outside and getting hands on expirience	it was cool to be able to get a general understand of the area	nothing really	maybe making a mock set up of what well being doing	it didnt really help me with anything i would have been just as fine if i saw pictures of the area on google maps
IDK	IDK	IDK	IDK	IDK	IDK
More Bugs	Having Class Outside	Contributed to my excitement	The spider	It couldn’t have	Really awesome tech that I wish was utilized more
It was an unfamiliar environment, so it was fun and engaging to explore and actually get off campus	I just loved being outside and getting my hands on stuff and physically doing the thing.	The VR tour was helpful in getting a base knowledge of the layout of the marsh and where things were before even getting there.	I would have liked to do more with the stream and the marsh ecosystems, as well as the larger vertebrates that use this area.	It would have been cool to get a glimpse into each of the tree sectors, the pollinator garden, the field, and the stream, and actually see at a more mocroscopic level what’s going on in these areas.	Id like to see it being used for more close-ups of things, such as microscopic levels of looking at stuff.
Physical involvement, depth and direction	Physically being outside	Prepared and learned about location of surroundings	It was long	Keeping it quick and easy to naviagte	Can introduce and prepare students before actual lab
It was more structured	The weather	It didn’t	Time waiting on other groups to finish	No ways	I think its beneficial if groups are going to be really dispersed in a site
first time working with pollinators	nice day, nice setting	prepared me well, had an idea of what i was getting into	nothing	i didn’t think anything was bad	good to show students tons of different places without paying to go there
I have not taken other field trips	I enjoyed being outside. The Millbrook Marsh is a very pretty area.	I thought the VR was a very cool different way to learn about what we were going to be doing, rather than a typical lecture on it	I think it was longer and more tedious than it needed to be	VR could not have helped	I think VR is a cool way to help keep students attention by incorporating visual and auditory learning, while also simulating that you are in the environment.
I have never done other field trips or outdoor labs	Not being in a classroom	nothing	We spent too much time there	We couldve learned everything just the same	I liked the VR because it is different from sitting in a classroom even though it was in a classroom setting and for the actual field trip it was nice to actually touch and feel the animals
This was more immersive.	You could actually touch things and see the environment rather than just see it on a screen as one image.	It gave me an understanding of what I would be seeing at the Marsh so that I did not just go in blindly, I had some idea.	Collecting bugs.	It would’ve been helpful if we could see actual bugs up close through the VR.	A VR tour can help give people an experience without having to spend the money/time to actually go there. It can help give people an understanding of an environment easily.
This field trip was more so to gather data, rather than observing things like you’re in a museum, although there was a hefty amount of observing.	Getting to see the other areas of State College.	I liked seeing the streams from an aerial view.	I was in the pollinator group and we didn’t need the full amount of time given so I felt like we waisted time.	I don’t think the VR could’ve helped much more.	The VR itself was rather heavy, hard to keep on head.
The environment of the destination.	The different types of things we were able to encounter.	N/A	There was quite a bit of time where our group was not doing anything, while waiting for other groups to finish.	N/A	N/A
	I enjoyed being outside in the nice weather rather than inside. We could have just gotten samples of terrestrial bugs and had to identify them, but going out and retrieving them ourselves was a better experience.	I enjoyed the VR tour for the reason that I knew what to expect when we got to the marsh. I did not like the angle of the footage, however, because at some points it looked like I was up high with nothing underneath me and even though I was sitting in a chair in lab it made me anxious.	I think the terrestrial groups had to wait for the aquatic groups for too much time. We were done far before them, so we were sitting there instead of using the time to study, etc.	I don’t think that more VR would have better prepared us for this field trip, at least not for the meadow aspect.	I think we could use it to explore environments that are too far from campus to get there via bus.
i could walk in the real trip and touch and smell things	I loved being able to interact with everything	cheese	it smelled like poop	cheese	anything that is too far like over seas would be interesting to experience in VR and cheaper
	The tour		Most of the trip was logging data not experiencing the actual environment	More freedom to explore	It gives students an opportunity to see areas they may not be able to experience in real life
	Being in the great outdoors.		I did not like sorting the insects.	Could have shown what each group did in detail.	No additional thoughts
Millbrook marsh is interesting	Got out of the class	Got an idea of the area	Didnt do everything ourselves	Get an idea of the area before going	The VR is very iteresting
	Getting outside		Really wish having access to handheld lens to observe the creatures	Be able to click specific part inside the vr	Please have some one sanitize the Headset
This is my first college field trip, so I have nothing to compare it to.	Being out in the open air was nice.	It allowed me to visualize where I would be before I went there.	We were given way too much time to complete the lab. It could have easily been done in half the time.	The VR system couldn’t really help in the disadvantage that I saw.	The VR trip was very cool. Perhaps to me because I had never used a VR headset before. It can allow people to view places without them actually going there.
There was information given before the field trip so it was easier to navigate and remember the taught information to help understand the field trip more.	Being able to walk a far distance to the location of study (Slab Cabin Run) and learning about the surrounding area!	Being able to see the full area from above and generally locate the different stations when arriving at Millbrook Marsh	The organism retrieval was very short and we didn’t stay near Slab Cabin Run the entire time	Being able to move around in the VR and explore the meadows and pollinator gardens.	Being able to experience all of the stations instead of just one.
In this Millbrook Marsh trip, instead of simply visiting the site, we interacted more with the environment by sampling organisms.	Getting outside of the lab room.	The VR tour just prepared me for the lab.	Not enough interaction with the nature	I think the VR system was very appropriate for the lab.	Perhaps do a VR tour of a location where a class trip can’t visit because it is farther than Millbrook Marsh is.
It is very interactive and hands-on. We are responsible for gathering data and we did just that while applying techniques learned in class. For other field trips that I have been in, usually its just observations.	It is very beautiful and relaxing.	I knew the surroundings better because of the VR tour. I am able to take into account the spatial surroundings of the marsh.	I like that it is very beautiful and relaxing.	Maybe learn about the techniques a little bit more. I wish I would have a better grasp of how to collect the insects.	In the future, I would like for the VR tour to be tailored to our group and it will detail what exactly do we have to do. It is also helpful if the VR tells us where species will be predominant.
Haven’t done any other field trips	N/A	It gave me an idea of what the Milbrook Marsh looked like	It was cold and long	It could give me a better understanding of the environemnt I am going to see.	n/a
I have never had any outdoor labs for other classes, so going to Millbrook Marsh was a new experience for me.	I really liked walking around and being in nature and observing the various pollinators.	I really liked how real the VR tour was and when I got to Millbrook Marsh I felt like I had been there before.	I liked everything for the most part.	I think it would have helped having the tour guide explain everything in Millbrook Marsh before we got there.	It would be helpful to increase the time length of the VR and show more features of Millbrook Marsh such as more pollinators, meadows, etc.
I have not been on any other outdoor lab experiences while in college.	I liked seeing the amount of species I was able to catch even though it felt as if we were not getting anything.	The VR experience allowed to have a visual representation of what I would be doing at the marsh before I got there.	I do not like bugs.	Nothing. The VR experience clearly explained what I would be doing at the marsh with my group.	I think it is a great experience to be used so student can see what they are getting into rather than guessing.
There was more variety in organisms observed.	Getting to be outside instead of in lab for the morning	It allowed me not to have to find my way around once we arrived. It was fun to know where everything was and then to get to see it in person.	It was chilly and damp that morning.	We could do more practice with net sweeping motions and stuff related to collection methods through VR before going on the trip. It may have helped collect more samples.	It could work in place of bad weather, lack of funds, physical conditions/limitations of a person, and allow students to view environments they may not get the chance to view otherwise. It could also allow interaction with things/objects we may not actually be able to interact with within the bounds of real life.
This field trip was more independent. We didn’t have a specific guide or instructor all of the time, we were able to work where and how we wanted to.	I liked the atmosphere of Millbrook Marsh, the field trip was laid back, and the Marsh itself was really pretty.	The VR tour helped me understand the layout of the marsh better, especially when it gave us bids eye views of the different areas in relation to one another.	The only thing that I didn’t really like about the field trip, was that my group had finished and then we were waiting around. However, other groups were still not done yet so that factor is somewhat difficult to avoid.	The VR experience would not have an impact really on the amount of left over time at the marsh seeming as how it varied for different groups.	I think the VR experience can be used in a variety of ways in college, especially to have virtual places to areas less accessible to students.
N/A	leaving	felt more prepared	dealing with wet plants and invertebrates	if we could look at invertebrates based on where they might be found in the field but on the VR system	N/A
It was very hands-on	The fact that it was hands-on and that I got to collect the samples.	It did a good job showing me instructions on how to collect samples with the embedded videos.	I did not dislike anything	Getting to actually walk around in the VR experience would be neat.	Overall I think it does a good job supplementing the field trip, but it could never replace the true experience.
it was a change of scenery and more hands on than others	I got to explore a new area of psu	it gave me a better idea of where we would be going and where i would be working	nothing	i didnt dislike anything	i think its very helpful in addition to field trips because it helps you get a better understanding and learn a lot about the environment in an interesting way
There was more hands on experience	being able to go into the actual environment to gather samples	the VR tour let me know what to expect at the marsh and get straight to sampling	N/A	the VR could be more interactive and and allow us to look at the environment more thoroughly	VR can be used in courses that discus geography or history; VR can recreate a place or time period for students to immerse themselves in
The field trip seemed like actual field research rather than a lab assignment.	Working in the field		Groupwork	I more immersive experience of sampling the ecosystems would have been helpful	I think it can somewhat prepares you for the trip. By knowing the environment a little better, you can focus solely on the work you have to accomplish.
Millbrook Marsh was an outdoor lab that was a part of a bigger lab being done. It also was not your typical field trip (because it was 10 minutes off campus).	I liked being out of the lab and being outside to apply what we learned in lab and to continue to learn new things about the microinvertabrate community. Also, Millbrook Marsh is beautiful and it was nice to be there.	The VR gave me the opportunity to see the space and get an awareness of the set up and where we would be working. After seeing the pollinator garden and the meadow and the stream I was wanting to work on all three.	It was kind of long and did not seem like our time was used best throughout the entire trip.	Not sure that our time management could be adjusted using VR.	It is expensive which could pose a challenge. But I would love to see an increase VR use throughout the next 2.5 years im at PSU.
This was more interesting and hands on which makes me remember more and retain more info. Had good intructors at the field trip made it more enjoyable plus with a group working together	Getting outside of classroom setting, learned a lot better, and retained more info. Memory of this is strong and lasting compared to if we learned it in a book.	The drone high in the sky pic was very cool and gave me a sense of where everything was located relative to each other and how actually big Millbrook marsh is. Seeing where the streams flow into and out. Yes positive impact.	Wished I got to work in the bigger stream but the smaller stream was interesting too. Nothing besides that I loved the whole experience	It would be nice to see what it would’ve been like to do the pollinator section or the big stream. Maybe if the VR had a video comparing and contrasting would be cool.	Vr cant replace the actual experience obviously but it is a good learner tool if going outside is not an option.
I think the actual field trip was more immersive than other field trips I have been on.	We actually got to see organisms and do field work, and in doing so learned more about the outdoor environment that we live in. Plus, I was introduced to Millbrook Marsh for the first time, and I plan on going back to look at more wildlife.	The stream kicking part of the VR tour made me excited to see the things we would get from the stream. Additionally, having the drone view of the marsh helped me become more spatially aware of where everything is, and how large the marsh is.	I did not like how we only got to do one of the environments. I realize that there are time constraints, but I think it would have been interesting to sample the other environments as well.	I didn’t like the fact that we didn’t get to go witness the other areas, and certain things (like not getting to go into the stream itself) were less interactive. I think that including a part where you can do your own stream kicks and net sweeps and count the “insects” that come up into your nets would be very interesting.	I think that an interactive VR tour would be more inclusive for students who could not make the trip to Millbrook Marsh. I also think that it is a good supplement to add before the lab to explain what we will be doing before we get there, so we can work more effectively at the trip.
	Fresh air		It was kind of tired to take a bus.	I previewed the actual field so it was really helpful.	I really liked VR tour and it was really helpful.
None really it was pretty typical data collection out in the field	I liked the streams that ran through the marsh.	Seeing the VR beforehand helped me get a visual understanding of the Millbrook Marsh space	That both section of the lab went at the same time	I’m not sure, the VR resolution needs to be much higher for any student to actually be engaged by it	VR should be upgraded
Never went off campus	Got to experience a different environment	Gave me an idea of what to expect at the marsh, know where to go	Hard to identify the flowers we were looking at	The VR could provide a label for all the flowers in the pollinating garden	Opportunity to immerse yourself in an environment in which otherwise wouldn’t be possible
We split into groups to observe different environments instead of all observing the same area.	It was nice to actually experience the environment we were studying.		I don’t think we needed to be there for all three hours, especially the plant and pollinator groups.	If we had more background knowledge about the marsh from a VR tour, we wouldn’t need an actually tour when we arrived.	VR prepares you for the environment you are observing, which makes the actual day of observation easier.
I have not had any other field trips.	I enjoyed learning and doing activities in an environment that was not a classroom.	I think it gave me a good idea of what I was walking into. When we got the tour on the actual field trip, I felt like I already knew everything.	I enjoyed the trip overall.	I think if the VR tour had us walk from area to area it would help more, instead of just skipping from place to place.	It definitely should be used for field trips like this, it makes the experience more enjoyable and was helpful to know this information going into the lab.
I have never been on a field trip for another class.	It was very calming, nice to get away from campus.	I liked the VR tour because it put it in perspective how close it actually was to campus (the over head view when you could see beaver stadium).	I think we could have left earlier, my group (Pollinators) finished with about an hour left.	I wish the VR system focused on observing the pollinators more.	It made me kind of dizzy when there was a video just floating in the sky.
I have not done any other field trips for any course.	Being outdoors.	I was excited by the pollinator garden and the streams, despite the fact that they were not my groups.	Spiders and mosquitoes.	It would be nice if the VR system was higher resolution.	I wish that the VR tour was not so fast paced–I didn’t have enough time to process the information being narrated and the visual information being presented in the time allotted. Also, the inset descriptions of how to use the nets was rather disorienting and of poor resolution.
this is the only field trip I have been on	being outside and doing something hands-on	The overhead view really gave me a good idea of what the surroundings looked like, and how everything was spatially oriented	nothing	I am not sure	A VR tour can give the student a notion of what they will be doing, which is very helpful
Many outdoor labs are only on campus	Being outside and observing organism in their natural environment	The VR experience gave me a different perspective of the marsh that I would not have gotten from going there (aerial view)	The bus	N/A	Many classes in science, geography, and possible landscape architecture would benefit from VR
I have not gone on a field trip in other courses	it was nice to be outside	It did not contribute	Having to leave campus	Been able to move around and walk in the VR	VR was not needed
N/A	I think that doing actual hands on data collection makes the results more real and not planned out like in other labs. I enjoyed getting off campus for this lab instead of just being outside.	The VR trip was helpful in navigation and giving me an idea of what I was going to be working with. It was good to see the environment in order to prepare.	We didn’t all get to experience each environment.	Focus more on each specific area and what you might find there. Not just a tour but the aspects of each area and the creatures.	I think VR is very helpful particularly for students who are unable to go on these trips. I think it is a good preparation tool as well as a helpful tool to still complete the lab if weather gets in the way.
The actual field trip I was actually able to interact with my surrounding until the VR	I liked the ability to go thought the different areas and see the different habitats and the diverse species that live there.	The VR made me feel as if I had already been to the marsh and knew what things looked like before I had ever been there.	I did not like the interacting with one area. Being able to interact and see the species diversity would be nice.	VR would be helpful and realizing what is best to do and what works best. It can then be replicated and avoid anything that may strike fear.	VR can assist in the preparation for what you will encounter at the marsh and give you a basis of understanding of what you will do so you can have more in depth learning and understanding when you get there.
The Millbrook Marsh gave us a broader area to experiment and explore.	I enjoyed getting to do most of the activities on my own or with a group while knowing a helping hand was always nearby.	The VR tour gave me a general idea of what the Millbrook Marsh looked like and what we would be doing while we were there. This was much better than going in blind.	I wish we were doing more interesting experiments there.	I think a first point of view of how to collect the data and analyze it would be very helpful.	I think it should be used more often as it helps prepare a person for a lab extremely well.
Easier to find things	Taking the pictures	It helped a little	It took a while for everyone to finish so groups that finished early didn’t have much to do	N/A	N/A
I have never done another field trip but it was better than other outdoor labs because it was in a new place to learn about.	Getting to be off campus for a while to learn about something new.	It made it more positive because I already knew what to expect when going there.	That it took so long.	Having a more interactive experience would hopefully lend toward spending less time explaining things and getting right into the actual lab.	I think it was a positive way to supplement field trips.
	kick-net sampling for the stream survey	i liked that you could see where the water diverted to so that you could understand the central location of millbrook marsh	i didn’t like the system we used for collecting data, with tubs and smaller tubs	using it to also watch them collect the data and sort through them.	i think a potential challenge would be with substituting field trips entirely, i think that defeats the entire purpose.
	It was sunny and warm		The length of the trip and the mundane natures of the task	It would’ve been cool to do the activities in VR	N/A
N/A	I loved the environment and how peaceful everything was.	n/a	I wish we could have stayed longer.	Everything was explained well in class, I had no issues understanding anything.	N/A
Millbrook marsh is so close to campus but not many people have heard about it, so it was nice and exciting to go somewhere new.	It was a beautiful day and a beautiful place.	It was nice to know what I was going into before I actually got there.	There was a lot of extra time after completing the assignment for the pollinator garden, but it was a beautiful day so I still enjoyed being outside.	The VR system worked very well I don’t think there is much to improve upon.	It was awesome to visualize what I was going to be doing before I had to do it.
this is the only field trip i have taken	sorting the bugs	the VR tour made me interested to see what Millbrook Marsh was like	nothing	i felt prepared for everything	i think it is helpful in preparing students for what they will see at the actual field trip.
You are able to move in real life	The peaceful relaxation that comes with the outdoors.	I was able to familiarize myself with the basic surrounding of Millbrook Marsh.	It was too long and the species we were finding were too repetitive.	You should be able to move around in VR.	I believe the VR tour should be more interactive and the VR tour should be held in an open space like a basketball court or something along those lines.
You did the work outside where you collected the data instead of inside a mueller lab room	That you finished your work there and not in the lab room	I had an idea of what the place looked like before I went, although it looked bigger in VR	the bugs	The VR didn’t bother me, and it couldn’t have made it better because regardless, I don’t like bugs	I think VR is only helpful to see places you can’t go as a class or as an individual. Going to millbrook marsh would have been the same with or without the VR because we actually went. But if we VR toured somewhere we couldn’t go, like evolution canyon, then it would be helpful.
Each group was split up in order to study different areas	Being out of the classroom	It gave me a general idea of what the marsh would look like and where the different areas were located.	I didn’t like how it took a long time/how we had to sit and wait for the other groups to finish	I don’t think the VR tour could’ve changed much about the actual trip, unless if the VR was connected to the student’s actual group and gave individual groups a more detailed “tour” before even going to Millbrook Marsh. (what they would find, how to record it, etc.)	I think VR is a great way to introduce material to someone, but it is more helpful for students to actually go to the destination/do work themselves in order to learn something from the experience.
Millbrook Marsh was more hands on than any other field trip.	I liked the scenery the most.	The net moving technique got me excited for this lab.	I did not like the length of the trip.	The distance of each habitat distance could be shown better.	I enjoyed the VR tour and it help me figure out what the field trip was going to be like.
I think it was cool to go somewhere far off campus because it is a totally different environment and is so peaceful and quiet.	I really enjoyed the peacefulness and quietness there. it seemed like pure nature.	The VR tour did not contribute much. I was more fascinated with the idea of a VR tour than what I was actually seeing.	I didn’t like that we were there for so long. But our group did finish early.	I suppose a more interactive VR system would help us identify things better that we saw at the marsh. So we can be more descriptive in our analysis.	I think VR, if presented correctly, can do a really good job at helping students understand what they’re walking into in future field trips.
There were a lot of different ecosystems in a small area so you could see many different types of environments and organisms in one trip.	It was a nice hands-on activity.	I had an idea of what to expect when arriving.	I was in the pollinator group and we did not have a lot of pollinators or variety of flowers to look at during this time of year.	Maybe show pollinator garden at different times of the year in order to see a larger variety of local pollinators.	A good way to prepare yourself ahead of time so you are not wasting time during the actual trip. Also if used after if can be a great way to help reflect on what you saw/learned.
never done another	the weather was nice and it was cool to see how many organisms there were	I knew what to expect which I appreciated	We could have left a little earlier my group was done with like an hour left	Would like to explore other areas than just mine	It was very cool and has a lot of potential
This trip was the most hands on outdoor lab that I have done personally.	The change of scenery was really interesting because I got to observe the species straight out of their natural habitat.And it felt nice to release them back.	The VR tour just made me super prepared. Without the tour I honestly wouldn’t know what to do.	I don’t like working with bugs or nature really so that speaks for itself.	N/A I thought the VR was perfect for the trip.	The audio was a little low and the subtitles were really small
The main difference is that this field trip was more hands on compared to other labs where we haven’t really dealt with organisms hands on.	My favorite part was capturing the organisms and separating them.	The VR gave me a good idea of what the Marsh would look like and where everything was located.	No complaints.	A more advanced VR system could provide further details about something a student is unsure about so they can see more in depth.	VR can give a student an online interaction before the student encounters it so they have time to prepare.
we just didn’t see that much of the actual activities we did except the meadow	It was nice to be outside of the lab and sorting the bugs were good.	I kind of knew what to expect so it was cool	I don’t think it needed to be as long as it was	I think it could have showed us all of the experiences because	I thought the VR was really interesting because I’ve never done it. I think it could definitely be used for a lot of other educational purposes.
it was very hands on in the experience	seeing bugs that i would normally never discover	it provided good examples of how to complete the tasks	i did not enjoy the use of the pooter	seeing in person examples of how to operate the equipment	it would be helpful if it was more interactive to keep the user engaged
have not been on other field trips in college	being outdoors	It gave me an idea of what is was going to be like	it was too long	I don’t know	Its a good way to get a preview for the field trip
I have never gone on another field trip in college besides Millbrook Marsh.	I liked the experience of being outside in nature and physically seeing and experiencing things that we are learning about in class. It made the learning experience much more fun.	The VR tour helped give me an idea of the type of environment and areas that Millbrook Marsh provides.	I liked everything about it.	I liked everything about the field trip. I don’t think a different VR experience would have changed anything.	Students may not be as excited about visiting the actual place since they already saw in on VR.
I actually knew what I was walking into due to the VR tour.	I loved being able to work as a team with my lab group and to go out into the field and experience something different.	Everything I saw in the VR tour I saw in person. The VR made it seem like I was there before!	I felt like I only got an in depth view of the part our group was working at.	The VR tour would have allowed me to go to the places we didn’t go even more.	I believe it will make classes more interactive by allowing students to “leave the classroom” without having to actually go into the field.
It was a very interactive field trip	The lab portion of the field trip and being able to be active in the environment	The VR portion helped me understand where I was going and what the environment would be like prior to going on the field trip.	I found most of the trip enjoyable.	It could help people who don’t like bugs have the experience, without the interaction with the actual insect.	I think using VR gets people more involved in the field trip and helps promote more active participation.
I usually never have to actually collect and analyze data.	Being outside.	It let me have an understanding of what the place looked like and I could identify the places as we walked around.s	Collecting bugs.	There’s nothing VR could do to ease me into collecting bugs.	I think the VR did a good job; I don’t have any further suggestions.
Being able to physically touch the environment	the reason why everything connects and how building things can destroy the places that some of these animals and insects	getting to know the place physically	none	none	none
We were actually active in the field and given more freedom.	I liked being outside and photographing the different species.	The VR tour gave me a heads up for what the space was going to look like.	I didn’t dislike anything.	I didn’t dislike anything.	VR can help give students a preview of an area they will be touring without actually having to physically be there.
we had to record a little more information than just the pictures	that we got to go outside rather than spending the class in lab	it just gave me a better sense of how big the area was	there weren’t many insects out in the morning	if we could move in free cam or if you could click on certain areas and it would bring you to a tour of what kinds of insects/organisms lived in that environment.	it is good for exploring different environments
This place was larger and had more variation.	I liked seeing the whole place and new environments such as the stream.	Seeing the boardwalks and bridges over the stream had me excited from the VR tour.	How far apart everything was.	Maybe give time indications about how far one area is from another.	VR helps students get an image inside their heads before even going there, which helps them navigate and plan their tasks better and accordingly.
I have not done any outdoor labs/field trips yet.	We got to get out of the lab and do hands-on activities in groups.	I was able to know exactly where I was going before I got there, so I was more prepared.	Nothing.	Nothing.	Can help get students more excited to go out and do field trips.
Was a much longer, more thorough field trip.	I liked the fact that we were doing actual field work.	I have already been to millbrook marsh 30+ times so the VR tour did not contribute too much to the field trip. Although I’m sure that if I had never been there it would’ve helped a lot.	I wish it was a little longer.	It would’ve been interesting to have the entire Millbrook marsh site mapped out so we could walk around and explore it in VR.	I definitely think it is helpful in the sense of giving people a look into whats going on before a field trip actually happens so people can appreciate the field trip more.
Going into the actual marsh was different	The freedom we had, the easiness of the assignments but also learning a bit while doing it	I mean I understood where everything was but overall going was more important	nothing that we can control like the bugs	I didnt have to deal with the bugs	you dont actually have to go if you use VR
This was my first outdoor field trip so I cannot compare it to anything else but i did enjoy it.	I liked that we were observing real things as they happened as opposed to just watching videos in lab about it.	The vr tour just kind of gave me my surroundings before actually arriving.	Nothing!	n/a	I did not think the vr was super helpful
We actually had to go off campus.	I liked being in the creek and finding organisms.	It helped me understand where we were going and what it looked like before we went on the field trip.	We only got to sample organisms in one area.	You could “explore” the different areas more in depth that you didn’t get to do on the field trip.	VR can help with understanding what a field trip will actually be like before even going on the trip.
It was way more hands on compared to other trips which were more observing	We were outside and not sitting in a lab for 3 hours	It didn’t	The bus ride	Have more thing to interact with during the tour	Give opportunities to gain something from the VR tour so you are not just sitting there
The field trip to Millbrook March was more hands on then the field trips I usually went on.	Being in nature	Gave me an idea of what I would be going to	no complaints	Doing a more hands on VR tour could help prepare you better	It can take you places you might not ever go
I believe that having the VR prior to the arrival to the marsh, gave a very vague sense of what it was like there. With VR, you cannot feel he temperature of the outdoors and the feeling of the ground you walk on like you can there. Also, it was nice to spend some time around the marsh in comparison to woods that I have needed to explore for other labs.	I enjoyed the view overall.	I got excited about seeing the marsh when I saw it on the VR. I expected more than what was still available in the pollinator area at the marsh though.	I enjoyed most of it but, I wish I would have had more time to hike around and explore	I feel like if they would have done a longer tour, like a walk around tour of places that we could not experience on our field trip might encourage me to return as a recreational event. I plan to do so anyways because I am curious though.	If we need to see things that are extinct or we are losing due to the climate changes and global warming that might not be around for future generations to see.
We collected live data from their environment	It was just so different compared to what I was use to	It allowed me to be familiar with what I was going to visit	Being the guy who had to take the photos and write the data down	The VR has nothing to do with what part I didn’t like about the marsh.	Keep using them. I feel like people enjoy them and it helps familiarize the environment before you even get there.
We were actually able to get down and dirty with data collecting instead of just observing.	I liked going into the steam and it was relaxing to get out of the classroom on a nice day.	The VR tour basically showed me what Millbrook marsh looks like before I got there, and provided a little background info on the stream, field, and pollinator features there.	Nothing I thought the trip was fine as it was.	Not sure.	The VR tour should be optional to students who are interested.
You have to collect data and identify insects and flowers in an real environment.	I liked being outside.	It showed me the surroundings area I was going to be in and how it looked.	It was boring, nothing special just taking photos of insects and flowers. I liked being outside and see the wildlife.	The VR can tell you what you might not want to do in the lab by showing you what you do in the garden, streams, and meadow.	It can really help college students learn about a place before they go there: the environment, sounds, landscape, plants, and streams/rivers.
Millbrook Marsh was more hands on and you had more options of where you wanted to go.	I liked getting out of the lab room.	It helped me get an idea of where everything was before hand.	I do not like bugs so I was afraid I would get something on me.	The VR made you feel like you were outside but really you weren’t. This eliminated bugs.	This would be really helpful in the future and it is different. It might be easier for students to learn.
in this field trip we were hands on and in the fields with the bugs, whereas other timess we were less hands on	being able to complete the labs by ourself and be in nature	the VR helped because before we went on the field trip, we knew what we were getting into	there was dew still on the ground, so the meadow was quite wet when we were collecting the bugs	learning how to sweep the bugs and collect them and move them into different containers	a VR that we can see more of millbrook marsh would be helpful
Compared to other field trips where I sampled macro invertebrates, there was not much difference	There was a gym in Pokémon Go there that I battled after the lab work was done	The VR tour did not help me at all	The time we were there was much longer than we needed to do the work there	Have an environment I could explore rather than teleporting me around	It can help you understand the area and what will be happening there in advance if used properly.
There was a lot of freedom to explore after doing the experiment.	Being outside	I did not feel that the VR tour truly contributed to the experience in any way that was beneficial to me	I had been there previously so there was nothing new for me there.	The VR could provide a way to practice the skills we needed for the lab ahead of time.	VR can limit the costs and time that can be associated with field trips.
Got to actually collect specimens	Going into the stream to collect specimens	It gave me an idea of what part of the marsh I wanted to collect specimens from.	I wish we could have taken more samples.	This question does not apply to my answer.	It’s a good method to familiarize students with the what they will be doing on the field trip. I frankly enjoy the surprise aspect of the field trip which VR inherently ruins.
It was very interactive, it wasn’t just walking through the place. This cultivates learning.	I like actually visiting places because I feel the full range of senses. Millbrook marsh is very interactive in that sense.	I was able to have a sense of what the place looked like. I was able to see how to use the nets in the meadow to capture bugs.	I thought that going out into the field to count bugs is very pointless. Learning about diveristy is important, but there is nothing that we can do to effect it.	I think that the VR could show more close up videos of the instructions for the assignment, basically what each activity is doing.	I think that VR is good for people who are not sure what field trips are about, and prepare them for it. It is also useful for people who cannot go on the field trip to still have a sense what it is like.
I have not done any other outdoor labs to compare this experience.	I liked being able to explore the marsh after collecting all the pictures.	I liked looking at the rivers from an above ground view to see how they run through the marsh.	It was hard to take pictures of the pollinators this late in the season.	We could see the exact plants we would be exploring in the lab.	If you do the lab VR, you wont have to risk going outside with the class with allergies, diseases and weather.
This is my first field trip	Getting inside of the water and getting my hands dirty	It gave me an idea of what i should wear from the environment I was observing	Nothing	More exploration of places	It made me kinda sick so try fixing that
	It was good to work within a group and get a hands-on lab experience in the field.		Overall, it was a good experience. I honestly just didn’t like the bugs.	The VR system could have helped me understand the layout of the marsh better.	VR can be very helpful in the future in helping students get the visual aid they need before they go on a field trip.
I have never done another field trip for any other labs. It’s different from the other outside labs I have done as it was a unique collection of different biomes versus just observing around Mueller Lab.	It was a beautiful day so it was wonderful to be outside in a lovely patch of state college.	I already knew where things were located in regards to each other and what way I had to travel to reach them	The bugs which I understand is part of the environment so it’s okay but thats my real answer.	I don’t think there was anything the VR could have done.	I think they are a wonderful opportunity to know what an area will look like before arriving there as well as giving those the opportunity to have a similar experience even if they can’t travel to the Marsh due to life-threatening allergies or disabilities. Also, VR is a wonderful opportunity to travel to places far away.
	we were outside lab		I thought the place was bigger	Provide lunch!	provide lunch!
Detailed organisms and movement	Being outside and able to interact with other classmates		Not knowing organisms already in the Marsh	Maybe the VR tour could give an overview of the organism that could potentially be collected for each area.	If field trips are too expensive, maybe these VR sets can help give museum tours, or whatever lab classes are trying to show
This is the only field trip I have gone on	interactive	Gave me something to look forward to because I had never been to Millbrook marsh	I wanted to be in the water more!	Can the VR go underwater?	More nets will allow each student to catch their samples!

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