Gun Deaths in America
Gustavo Hideo H. Correa
February 26, 2019
\(100,798\) people were fatally shot in the U.S. between 2012 and 2014.
The data in this project comes from FiveThirtyEight, which is derived from death certificates from all U.S.
gun %>%
filter(race %in% c("Black", "White")
& intent %in% c("Homicide", "Suicide")) %>%
ggplot(aes(age, fill = intent)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray55", "gray35"), guide = F) +
labs(x = "Age", y = "Count") +
facet_grid(intent~race) +
theme_bw()
\(66.7\%\) of gun deaths are suicides
homicide <- gun %>%
filter(intent == "Homicide") %>%
nrow()
suicide <- gun %>%
filter(intent == "Suicide") %>%
nrow()
n <- c(homicide, suicide)
intent <- c("Homicide", "Suicide")
death <- as.data.frame(cbind(n, intent))
death <- death %>%
mutate(n = as.numeric(n)) %>%
mutate(percent = (n / sum(n)) * 100)
death %>%
ggplot(aes(intent, percent, fill = intent)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray55", "gray35"), guide = F) +
geom_text(aes(label = round(percent, 1))
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = c("gray55", "gray35"), fontface = "bold") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank()
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,axis.title = element_blank())
Homicides
Age x Race
# BLACK
gun.black.youth <- gun %>%
filter(race == "Black"
#& sex == "M"
& intent == "Homicide"
& !is.na(age)) %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(age >= 18 & age <= 30, "18-30", "Others")) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.black.youth.percent <- gun.black.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100)
gun.black.youth.2 <- gun.black.youth %>%
left_join(gun.black.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x) %>%
select(-count.y)
##
options(scipen=999) # Avoid scientific notation
a <- gun.black.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", fill = "gray55") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30"), fill = "tomato") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, max(gun.black.youth.2$age), 10))) +
labs(title = "Homicide | Distribution of black victims"
,subtitle = "56% between 18-30 years old"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.black.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(youth, percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("tomato", "gray55"), guide = F) +
#scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(factor(gun.black.youth$youth)))) +
geom_text(data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "tomato", fontface = "bold") +
geom_text(data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth != "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "gray55", fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 90) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()
# White
gun.white.youth <- gun %>%
filter(race == "White"
#& sex == "M"
& intent == "Homicide"
& !is.na(age)) %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(age >= 18 & age <= 30, "18-30", "Other Ages")) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.white.youth.percent <- gun.white.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100)
gun.white.youth.2 <- gun.white.youth %>%
left_join(gun.white.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x) %>%
select(-count.y)
a <- gun.white.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", fill = "gray55") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30"), fill = "steelblue") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, max(gun.white.youth.2$age), 10))) +
labs(title = "Homicide | Distribution of white victims"
,subtitle = "28% between 18-30 years old"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.white.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(youth, percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("steelblue", "gray55"), guide = F) +
#scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(factor(gun.white.youth$youth)))) +
geom_text(data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "steelblue", fontface = "bold") +
geom_text(data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth != "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "gray55", fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 90) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()
# BLACK x WHITE
gun.both.youth <- gun %>%
filter(#sex == "M" &
intent == "Homicide") %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(race == "Black", "Black"
,ifelse(race == "White", "White", "Others"))) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.both.youth.percent <- gun.both.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100
,youth.levels = ifelse(youth == "Black", 1
,ifelse(youth == "White", 2, 3))) %>%
group_by(youth, youth.levels)
gun.both.youth.2 <- gun.both.youth %>%
left_join(gun.both.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x
,youth = youth) %>%
select(-count.y, -youth)
##
a <- gun.both.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Black"), fill = "tomato") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "White"), fill = "steelblue") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Others"), fill = "gray55") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "White" & (age >= 14 & age <= 29 | age %in% c(32,33))), fill = "steelblue") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Black" & (age >= 50 & age <= 91 | age %in% c(48))), fill = "tomato") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Others" & (age >= 50 & age <= 91 | age %in% c(48))), fill = "gray55") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, 100, 10))) +
labs(title = "Homicide | Distribution of victims"
,subtitle = "55% black"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.both.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(youth, youth.levels), y = percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("tomato", "gray55", "steelblue"), guide = F) +
geom_text(data = gun.both.youth.percent # %>% filter(youth == "Black Young Men")
,aes(label = round(percent, 1))
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = c("tomato", "steelblue", "gray55"), fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 100) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()
Suicides
Age x Race
# BLACK
gun.black.youth <- gun %>%
filter(race == "Black"
#& sex == "M"
& intent == "Suicide"
& !is.na(age)) %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(age >= 18 & age <= 30, "18-30", "Others")) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.black.youth.percent <- gun.black.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100)
gun.black.youth.2 <- gun.black.youth %>%
left_join(gun.black.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x) %>%
select(-count.y)
##
options(scipen=999) # Avoid scientific notation
a <- gun.black.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", color = "gray55") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30"), fill = "tomato") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, max(gun.black.youth.2$age), 10))) +
labs(title = "Suicide | Distribution of black victims"
,subtitle = "35% between 18-30 years old"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.black.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(youth, percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("tomato", "gray55"), guide = F) +
#scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(factor(gun.black.youth$youth)))) +
geom_text(data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "tomato", fontface = "bold") +
geom_text(data = gun.black.youth.2 %>% filter(youth != "18-30")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "gray55", fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 90) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()
# White
gun.white.youth <- gun %>%
filter(race == "White"
# & sex == "M"
& intent == "Suicide"
& !is.na(age)) %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(age >= 45 & age <= 65, "45-65", "Other Ages")) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.white.youth.percent <- gun.white.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100)
gun.white.youth.2 <- gun.white.youth %>%
left_join(gun.white.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x) %>%
select(-count.y)
a <- gun.white.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", fill = "gray35") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "45-65"), fill = "steelblue") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, max(gun.white.youth.2$age), 10))) +
labs(title = "Suicide | Distribution of white victims"
,subtitle = "40% between 45-65 years old"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.white.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(youth, percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("steelblue", "gray35"), guide = F) +
#scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(factor(gun.white.youth$youth)))) +
geom_text(data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "45-65")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "steelblue", fontface = "bold") +
geom_text(data = gun.white.youth.2 %>% filter(youth != "45-65")
,aes(label = percent)
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = "gray55", fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 90) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()
# BLACK x WHITE
gun.both.youth <- gun %>%
filter(#sex == "M" &
intent == "Suicide") %>%
mutate(youth = ifelse(race == "Black", "Black"
,ifelse(race == "White", "White", "Others"))) %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
mutate(count = n())
## Creating percentages
gun.both.youth.percent <- gun.both.youth %>%
group_by(youth) %>%
select(youth, count) %>%
unique() %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(percent = count / sum(count) * 100
,youth.levels = ifelse(youth == "Black", 1
,ifelse(youth == "White", 2, 3))) %>%
group_by(youth, youth.levels)
gun.both.youth.2 <- gun.both.youth %>%
left_join(gun.both.youth.percent, by = "youth") %>%
mutate(percent = round(percent, 1)) %>%
rename(count = count.x
,youth = youth) %>%
select(-count.y, -youth)
##
a <- gun.both.youth.2 %>%
ggplot(aes(age)) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "White"), fill = "steelblue") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Others"), fill = "gray35") +
geom_histogram(stat = "count", data = gun.both.youth.2 %>% filter(youth == "Black"), fill = "tomato") +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c(seq(0, 100, 10))) +
labs(title = "Suicide | Distribution of victims"
,subtitle = "87% white"
,x = "Age", y = "Count") +
theme(panel.background = element_blank())
b <- gun.both.youth.percent %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reorder(youth, youth.levels), y = percent)) +
geom_col(aes(fill = factor(youth))) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 10)
,axis.text.y = element_blank()
,panel.background = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("tomato", "gray35", "steelblue"), guide = F) +
geom_text(data = gun.both.youth.percent # %>% filter(youth == "Black Young Men")
,aes(label = round(percent, 1))
,position = position_dodge(width = 1)
,vjust = -0.5, family = "sans", color = c("tomato", "steelblue", "gray35"), fontface = "bold") +
ylim(0, 110) +
labs(x = "", y = "Percent (%)")
vp <- grid::viewport(width = 0.3, height = 0.3, just = c("centre",
"centre"), x = 0.75, y = 0.7)
full <- function() {
print(a)
theme_set(theme_gray(base_size = 8))
theme_gray()
print(b, vp = vp)
theme_set(theme_gray())
}
full()