1. CSA Practices

6.1 CSA practices implementation (general)

Household level indicators are calculated based on the responses from the household heads.

Percentage of adopting households corresponding to the number of household (heads) that reported having implement at least one of the CSA practices.

6.1.1 CSA practices implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that implement CSA practices

N Agroforestry (tree planting) Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Intercropping (maize - beans) Water terraces
Households 270 24% 11% 55% 54% 29% 19%
Male-headed household 208 27% 11% 55% 59% 26% 21%
Female-headed household 62 16% 13% 55% 39% 37% 13%

6.1.2 CSA practices implementation (by community)

Percentage of households (heads) who implement CSA practices across the different CSV communities.

CSV communities N Agroforestry (tree planting) Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Intercropping (maize - beans) Water terraces
Kasinina 36 19% 11% 64% 64% 22% 8%
Katikara 32 50% 0% 59% 38% 28% 34%
Kibaire 37 16% 14% 59% 62% 27% 5%
Kiranga 46 9% 11% 52% 50% 39% 7%
Kyamongi 40 20% 18% 45% 55% 35% 30%
Mparangasi 40 35% 12% 62% 52% 22% 20%
Nyakakonge 39 28% 13% 44% 59% 23% 33%

6.2 CSA Adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male or female) reporting a specific driver or motivation for their household to adopt a CSA practice

This indicator corresponds to the number of farmers that reported a specific adoption driver over the total that responded the motivation question.

CSA Practices N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS Learning from CCAFS/NARO Learning from CIAT/ NOMASI / CCAFS New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Agroforestry (tree planting) 109 15% 0% 5% 0% 37% 10% 34%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) 62 19% 6% 0% 0% 16% 31% 27%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) 247 16% 17% 0% 0% 22% 35% 9%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) 240 26% 10% 0% 0% 12% 28% 25%
Intercropping (maize - beans) 135 17% 0% 4% 0% 18% 51% 10%
Water terraces 76 74% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 24%

6.2.1 Adoption drivers for Water terraces (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Water terraces?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS/NARO To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 30 73% 3% 23%
Male 46 74% 2% 24%

6.2.2 Adoption drivers for Agroforestry (tree planting) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Agroforestry (tree planting)?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS/NARO New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 50 16% 4% 32% 14% 34%
Male 59 14% 5% 41% 7% 34%

6.2.3 Adoption drivers for Intercropping (maize - beans) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Intercropping (maize - beans)?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS/NARO New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 78 21% 4% 18% 47% 10%
Male 57 12% 4% 18% 56% 11%

6.2.4 Adoption drivers for Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava)?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 36 19% 8% 11% 39% 22%
Male 26 19% 4% 23% 19% 35%

6.2.5 Adoption drivers for Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava)?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 108 31% 11% 13% 21% 24%
Male 132 23% 8% 11% 33% 26%

6.2.6 Adoption drivers for Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting a specific driver or motivation to adopt a CSA practice, who responded to the question : “What was the main reason for implementing Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans)?”

Gender N In Response to a Climate Event Learning from CCAFS Learning from CIAT/ NOMASI / CCAFS New Market Opportunities Other To Adapt to Future Climate Shocks
Female 126 22% 19% 1% 23% 27% 8%
Male 121 10% 14% 0% 21% 44% 11%

6.3 Involvement in CSA implementation (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting specific levels of involvement in the implementation of the CSA practice, who answered the question: “Where you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to the implementation of the CSA practice?”

CSA Practices Gender N I did most of the work I did not do anything I just helped
Agroforestry (tree planting) Female 59 29% 15% 56%
Male 61 74% 3% 23%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Female 36 64% 0% 36%
Male 26 69% 0% 31%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Female 129 73% 5% 22%
Male 125 58% 1% 41%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Female 109 62% 2% 36%
Male 130 65% 0% 35%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Female 80 70% 2% 28%
Male 58 57% 2% 41%
Water terraces Female 35 51% 14% 34%
Male 47 66% 0% 34%

6.3.1 Doing most of the CSA implementation

6.3.2 Just helped in the CSA implementation

6.3.3 Did not participate in CSA implementation

6.4 CSA dis-adoption (general)

Percentage of non-adopting households (female and male-headed) that reported having dis-adopted at least one CSA practice before in the household.

6.4.1 CSA dis-adoption (by practice and gender)

Percentage of households (heads), and of female-headed or male-headed households that answered “Yes” to the question; “Was this practice implemented before in your household?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Households 154 25%
Female-headed household 34 41%
Male-headed household 120 21%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Households 149 19%
Male-headed household 118 18%
Female-headed household 31 26%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Households 114 23%
Female-headed household 28 29%
Male-headed household 86 21%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Households 96 35%
Female-headed household 27 30%
Male-headed household 69 38%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Households 139 31%
Male-headed household 109 35%
Female-headed household 30 17%
Water terraces Households 163 12%
Female-headed household 37 5%
Male-headed household 126 14%

6.5 CSA dis-adoption drivers (by practice and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) reporting a specific driver or motivation to dis-adopt a CSA practice; who responded to the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped implementing the practices?”

CSA Practices N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work Very Expensive to Implement
Agroforestry (tree planting) 72 6% 8% 71% 11% 4%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) 55 33% 5% 58% 4% 0%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) 41 12% 20% 66% 2% 0%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) 61 7% 10% 82% 2% 0%
Intercropping (maize - beans) 64 28% 14% 52% 5% 2%
Water terraces 41 2% 0% 41% 56% 0%

6.5.1 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Water terraces (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Water terraces?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Other Required a Lot of Work
Female 21 5% 38% 57%
Male 20 0% 45% 55%

6.5.2 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Agroforestry (tree planting) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Agroforestry (tree planting)?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work Very Expensive to Implement
Female 43 5% 9% 70% 12% 5%
Male 29 7% 7% 72% 10% 3%

6.5.3 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Intercropping (maize - beans) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Intercropping (maize - beans)?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work Very Expensive to Implement
Female 23 22% 13% 57% 4% 4%
Male 41 32% 15% 49% 5% 0%

6.5.4 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava)?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work
Female 31 19% 6% 71% 3%
Male 24 50% 4% 42% 4%

6.5.5 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava)?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work
Female 29 3% 17% 79% 0%
Male 32 9% 3% 84% 3%

6.5.6 CSA dis-adoption drivers for Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting different drivers of CSA dis-adoption, who answered the question: “What was the main reason why your household stopped Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans)?”

Gender N Did not Generate Economic Benefits Did not Help to Adapt to Climate/Weather Related Events Other Required a Lot of Work
Female 20 15% 15% 65% 5%
Male 21 10% 24% 67% 0%

Outcomes of CSA practices

6.6 Effect (perceived) on production (by practice)

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: “What was the effect of the practices on your household production?”

Practices N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Agroforestry (tree planting) 109 1% 59% 23% 17%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) 62 3% 3% 82% 11%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) 250 4% 3% 83% 10%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) 239 2% 5% 90% 3%
Intercropping (maize - beans) 135 3% 1% 76% 19%
Water terraces 77 8% 9% 81% 3%

6.6.1 Perceived effect of Water terraces on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Water terraces on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 30 10% 10% 80% 0%
Male 47 6% 9% 81% 4%

6.6.2 Perceived effect of Agroforestry (tree planting) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Agroforestry (tree planting) on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 50 0% 64% 22% 14%
Male 59 2% 54% 24% 20%

6.6.3 Perceived effect of Intercropping (maize - beans) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Intercropping (maize - beans) on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 78 1% 1% 83% 14%
Male 57 5% 2% 67% 26%

6.6.4 Perceived effect of Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 36 3% 6% 78% 14%
Male 26 4% 0% 88% 8%

6.6.5 Perceived effect of Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 106 1% 9% 88% 2%
Male 133 2% 2% 92% 4%

6.6.6 Perceived effect of Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) on yield/production

Percentage of farmers (female and male) reporting perceived effects of the CSA practice on yield/production, who responded to the question: What was the effect of Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) on your household production?

Gender N Decreased Production I Can’t Say Because it Was New Increased Production No Effect
Female 126 5% 3% 83% 9%
Male 124 4% 2% 83% 10%

6.7 Use of additional CSA production

Percentage of households (heads) that answered “Yes” to the questions: “Did you in the household sell this additional production?” or “Did you in the household use this additional production for the household consumption?”

CSA Practices N Use Percentage of households
Water terraces 39 Sale 79%
39 Consumption 97%
Agroforestry (tree planting) 18 Sale 56%
18 Consumption 89%
Intercropping (maize - beans) 51 Sale 84%
51 Consumption 96%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) 25 Sale 92%
26 Consumption 100%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) 134 Sale 74%
134 Consumption 97%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) 118 Sale 69%
118 Consumption 94%

6.8 Perceived CSA effect on income

Percentage of farmers that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices N Percentage of farmers
Water terraces 76 74%
Agroforestry (tree planting) 109 17%
Intercropping (maize - beans) 135 77%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) 62 76%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) 240 65%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) 249 59%

6.8.1 Perceived CSA effect on income (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) implementing CSA that answered “Yes”to the question:“Compare to before its implementation, has [the CSA practice] generated additional income for the household?”

CSA Practices Gender N Percentage of farmers
Water terraces Female 30 80%
Male 46 70%
Agroforestry (tree planting) Female 50 14%
Male 59 19%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Female 78 72%
Male 57 84%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Female 36 72%
Male 26 81%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Female 107 57%
Male 133 72%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Female 125 50%
Male 124 67%

6.10 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access and diversity

  • Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Because of the implementation of the practice, did the number of month where you are usually concerned of having enough food for your household decreased (compare to not having it)?”

  • Percentage of farmers, (male and female) implementing CSA practices who answered “Yes” to the question: “Has implementation of the practice allowed for having more variety of products for consumption in your household (compared to not having the practice)?”

Improved food access
Food diversification
CSA Practices N Percentage N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 109 28% 108 32%
Female 50 22% 50 28%
Male 59 34% 58 36%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 61 92% 62 89%
Female 35 94% 36 83%
Male 26 88% 26 96%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 248 79% 249 77%
Female 126 75% 127 73%
Male 122 82% 122 81%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 240 79% 240 78%
Female 107 79% 107 71%
Male 133 79% 133 83%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 135 90% 135 84%
Female 78 91% 78 79%
Male 57 88% 57 89%
Water terraces Farmers 77 64% 77 83%
Female 30 67% 30 80%
Male 47 62% 47 85%

6.10.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food access (by gender)

6.10.2 Perceived effect of CSA practices on food diversity (by gender)

6.11 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) that answered Yes to the question: Do you personally think that having the crop rotation effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

CSA Practices N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 109 48%
Female 50 48%
Male 59 47%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 61 93%
Female 35 94%
Male 26 92%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 249 69%
Female 126 79%
Male 123 59%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 238 85%
Female 106 88%
Male 132 83%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 135 74%
Female 78 88%
Male 57 54%
Water terraces Farmers 77 91%
Female 30 87%
Male 47 94%

6.11.1 Perceived effect of CSA practices on climate vulnerability (by gender)

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (female and male) who answered “Yes”to the question: Do you personally think that having the CSA practices effectively allowed your household to be less affected or recover quicker from experienced weather related shocks/events?

6.12 CSA effect on Gender dimensions

6.12.1 Perceived CSA effect on labor time

Percentage of CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: Because of the CSA practices, did you personally take more, less or the same amount of time in agricultural activities?

CSA Practices N Less time More time Same amount of time
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 109 35% 32% 33%
Female 50 32% 34% 34%
Male 59 37% 31% 32%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 61 23% 26% 51%
Female 36 17% 25% 58%
Male 25 32% 28% 40%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 249 35% 15% 49%
Female 125 31% 18% 51%
Male 124 40% 13% 48%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 241 51% 15% 35%
Female 108 39% 15% 46%
Male 133 60% 14% 26%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 135 24% 28% 47%
Female 78 29% 33% 37%
Male 57 18% 21% 61%
Water terraces Farmers 77 31% 51% 18%
Female 30 33% 50% 17%
Male 47 30% 51% 19%

Increasing labor time

No effect on labor time

Decreasing labor time

6.12.3 Decision making on CSA implementation (by practice; gender disaggregated)

Percentage of CSA implementing male and female farmers, who answered the question: “Did you participate in the process of deciding to implement the practices on your farm?”

CSA Practices N Decided alone Did not participate in the decision Was a joint decision
Agroforestry (tree planting) Female 59 10% 14% 76%
Male 61 44% 3% 52%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Female 36 33% 6% 61%
Male 26 27% 0% 73%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Female 132 29% 5% 66%
Male 125 23% 2% 74%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Female 110 18% 5% 76%
Male 133 23% 2% 75%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Female 80 31% 2% 66%
Male 58 17% 2% 81%
Water terraces Female 35 31% 14% 54%
Male 46 46% 2% 52%

6.12.4 Participation decision making on CSA dis-adoption

Percentage of implementing, male and female farmers, who answered yes to the question: Did you personally decide or participate in the decision to stop implementing the practice?

CSA Practices N Percentage
Water terraces Female 20 75%
Male 20 90%
Agroforestry (tree planting) Female 42 40%
Male 29 76%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Female 23 74%
Male 41 71%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Female 31 65%
Male 24 88%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Female 30 60%
Male 31 74%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Female 20 70%
Male 21 57%

6.13 Sources of CSA learning

Percentage of implementing farmers (male and female) who answered the question: How did you personally learn to implement the practice?

CSA Practices N CCAFS training / demonstrations family member or neighbor Self-learning Training by technical assistance by other institution
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 109 39% 28% 15% 19%
Female 50 40% 26% 14% 20%
Male 59 37% 29% 15% 19%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 62 18% 53% 27% 2%
Female 36 14% 64% 19% 3%
Male 26 23% 38% 38% 0%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 248 43% 45% 4% 8%
Female 125 46% 41% 5% 8%
Male 123 40% 49% 4% 7%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 238 45% 50% 4% 2%
Female 106 48% 49% 3% 0%
Male 132 42% 50% 5% 3%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 135 19% 73% 7% 1%
Female 78 17% 72% 10% 1%
Male 57 23% 74% 4% 0%
Water terraces Farmers 77 35% 32% 19% 13%
Female 30 37% 33% 20% 10%
Male 47 34% 32% 19% 15%

Female sources of CSA knowledge

Male sources of CSA knowledge

6.14 Access to CSA training

Percentage farmers (male and female) who answered “from Training by technical assistance by other institution” or “From CCAFS training / demonstrations”, to the question: “How did you personally learn to implement water terraces?”

CSA Practice N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 209 40%
Female 92 39%
Male 117 40%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 180 11%
Female 83 10%
Male 97 11%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 293 48%
Female 143 52%
Male 150 45%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 282 42%
Female 130 42%
Male 152 42%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 230 20%
Female 120 20%
Male 110 19%
Water terraces Farmers 183 40%
Female 70 40%
Male 113 40%

6.14.1 Access to training in CSA practices (gender)

6.15 CSA awareness

Percentage of farmers (male and female) participating anyhow on a CSA practice related activity (answered “Yes, I did most” or “No, I just helped” to the questions: “Were you the person in charge of doing most of the work/activities associated to CSA practice?”) or not implementing but saying “Yes” to the question: “having heard about [the CSA practice]?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 450 82%
Female 227 79%
Male 223 85%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 450 69%
Female 226 67%
Male 224 71%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 446 96%
Female 221 94%
Male 225 97%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 446 91%
Female 225 88%
Male 221 94%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 450 79%
Female 225 79%
Male 225 80%
Water terraces Farmers 446 78%
Female 223 74%
Male 223 83%

6.16 CSA interest by non-adopters

Percentage of non CSA implementing farmers (male and female) who answered “Yes”to the question: “Would you like to receive more information on CSA practices?”

CSA Practice N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Famers 326 88%
Female 164 85%
Male 162 90%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Famers 383 74%
Female 189 72%
Male 194 76%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Famers 190 93%
Female 93 92%
Male 97 94%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Famers 205 88%
Female 115 84%
Male 90 93%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Famers 306 86%
Female 144 82%
Male 162 90%
Water terraces Famers 364 88%
Female 190 86%
Male 174 90%

6.17 Farer to farmer knowledge dissemination

Percentage of farmers (female and male) who responded “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

CSA Practices N Percentage
Agroforestry (tree planting) Farmers 108 44%
Female 50 40%
Male 58 48%
Improved Intercropping (maize-cassava) Farmers 62 27%
Female 36 28%
Male 26 27%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, biofortified - sweet potatoes or beans) Farmers 248 38%
Female 126 44%
Male 122 30%
Improved varieties (pest & disease, early maturing, high yielding - cassava) Farmers 237 39%
Female 106 37%
Male 131 41%
Intercropping (maize - beans) Farmers 135 21%
Female 78 23%
Male 57 19%
Water terraces Farmers 77 42%
Female 30 43%
Male 47 40%

6.17.1 Dissemination of CSA knowledge from farmer to farmer (by gender)

Percentage of famers (male and female) who answered “Yes” to the question: “Did you personally teach the practice to someone beyond the household members?”

2019-11-01