Earthquakes
Joe Long
December 2019
Magnitude classifications : Low, Middle, Moderate, High
##
## Attaching package: 'data.table'## The following objects are masked from 'package:lubridate':
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## hour, isoweek, mday, minute, month, quarter, second, wday, week,
## yday, year## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
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## between, first, last## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## transpose## [1] 10264 22## [1] 5988## Classes 'data.table' and 'data.frame': 10264 obs. of 22 variables:
## $ time : chr "2019-12-30T19:42:21.073Z" "2019-12-30T19:37:29.590Z" "2019-12-30T19:36:32.570Z" "2019-12-30T19:34:34.199Z" ...
## $ latitude : num 65.5 38.8 59.2 63.5 36 ...
## $ longitude : num -154 -123 -136 -147 -117 ...
## $ depth : num 40.4 3.47 4.2 74.8 2.62 ...
## $ mag : num 2.7 0.81 2.6 1.6 1.37 2.06 2.62 1.9 2.51 2.5 ...
## $ magType : chr "ml" "md" "ml" "ml" ...
## $ nst : int NA 20 NA NA 19 29 16 NA 14 NA ...
## $ gap : num NA 58 NA NA 97 148 45 NA 216 NA ...
## $ dmin : num NA 0.0116 NA NA 0.1152 ...
## $ rms : num 0.98 0.02 0.84 0.66 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.59 0.18 0.52 ...
## $ net : chr "ak" "nc" "ak" "ak" ...
## $ id : chr "ak019gqb6lyf" "nc73321516" "ak019gqb5civ" "ak019gqb4x9b" ...
## $ updated : chr "2019-12-30T19:46:18.329Z" "2019-12-30T19:47:01.850Z" "2019-12-30T19:46:17.853Z" "2019-12-30T19:40:05.615Z" ...
## $ place : chr "91km WNW of Tanana, Alaska" "6km NW of The Geysers, CA" "45km W of Haines, Alaska" "80km SW of Delta Junction, Alaska" ...
## $ type : chr "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" ...
## $ horizontalError: num NA 0.23 NA NA 0.28 1.31 0.57 NA 0.66 NA ...
## $ depthError : num 20.8 0.59 0.2 1.9 1.01 1.13 1.35 0.1 0.4 0.5 ...
## $ magError : num NA 0.06 NA NA 0.115 0.02 0.23 NA 0.25 NA ...
## $ magNst : int NA 3 NA NA 13 6 17 NA 12 NA ...
## $ status : chr "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" ...
## $ locationSource : chr "ak" "nc" "ak" "ak" ...
## $ magSource : chr "ak" "nc" "ak" "ak" ...
## - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>time: time when the event occurred latitude: decimal degrees latitude. Negative values for southern latitudes. Range is [-90.0,90.0] longitude: decimal degrees longitude. Negative values for western longitudes. [-180.0,180.0] depth: depth of the event in kilometers mag: magnitude for the event. Range [-1.0, 10.0] magType: method or algorithm used to calculate the preferred magnitude for the event nst: total number of seismic stations used to determine earthquake location gap: largest azimuthal gap between azimuthally adjacent stations (in degrees) dmin: horizontal distance from the epicenter to the nearest station (in degrees) rms: root-mean-square (RMS) travel time residual, in sec, using all weights net: ID of a data contributor. Identifies the network considered to be the preferred source of information for this event id: a unique identifier for the event. This is the current preferred id for the event, and may change over time updated: time when the event was most recently updated place: textual description of named geographic region near to the event. This may be a city name, or a Flinn-Engdahl Region name type: type of seismic event horizontalError: uncertainty of reported location of the event in kilometers depthError: uncertainty of reported depth of the event in kilometers magError: uncertainty of reported magnitude of the event magNst: total number of seismic stations used to calculate the magnitude for this earthquake status: indicates whether the event has been reviewed by a human locationSource: network that originally authored the reported location of this event magSource: network that originally authored the reported magnitude for this event
# Missing data # horizontalError: uncertainty of reported location of the event in kilometers # nst: total number of seismic stations used to determine earthquake location # dmin: horizontal distance from the epicenter to the nearest station (in degrees) # magError: uncertainty of reported magnitude of the event # magNst: total number of seismic stations used to calculate the magnitude for this earthquake # gap: largest azimuthal gap between azimuthally adjacent stations (in degrees)
#rms: root-mean-square (RMS) travel time residual, in sec, using all weights #mag: magnitude for the event. Range [-1.0, 10.0]
missing data to be be removed : rms & mag. These value are independent and critical values
the rest will be imputed, sinces they are mostly different method of recording activities
Bracketing earthquake magnitudes into brackets
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
ca <- all_clean[str_detect(all_clean$place, "CA"),]
str(ca)## 'data.frame': 4060 obs. of 27 variables:
## $ time : chr "2019-12-30T19:37:29.590Z" "2019-12-30T19:27:05.370Z" "2019-12-30T19:15:20.730Z" "2019-12-30T18:53:16.840Z" ...
## $ latitude : num 38.8 36 39.8 33.6 33.6 ...
## $ longitude : num -123 -117 -122 -117 -117 ...
## $ depth : num 3.47 2.62 17.1 5.32 3.35 ...
## $ mag : num 0.81 1.37 2.62 0.74 2.51 0.93 0.13 0.57 0.92 0.81 ...
## $ magType : chr "md" "ml" "md" "ml" ...
## $ nst : num 20 19 16 20 93 11 10 17 24 25 ...
## $ gap : num 58 97 45 75 15 100 100 60 68 70 ...
## $ dmin : num 0.0116 0.1152 0.1979 0.0383 0.0455 ...
## $ rms : num 0.02 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.23 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.24 0.19 ...
## $ net : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ id : chr "nc73321516" "ci39017855" "nc73321511" "ci39017839" ...
## $ updated : chr "2019-12-30T19:47:01.850Z" "2019-12-30T19:30:48.527Z" "2019-12-30T19:36:28.521Z" "2019-12-30T18:56:56.463Z" ...
## $ place : chr "6km NW of The Geysers, CA" "24km N of Searles Valley, CA" "5km NNE of Hamilton City, CA" "13km WNW of Anza, CA" ...
## $ type : chr "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" ...
## $ horizontalError: num 0.23 0.28 0.57 0.45 0.18 0.96 0.62 0.25 0.36 0.52 ...
## $ depthError : num 0.59 1.01 1.35 0.82 0.59 1.16 0.9 0.52 1.01 0.68 ...
## $ magError : 'impute' num 0.06 0.115 0.23 0.275 0.107 0.29 0.242 0.01 0.116 0.216 ...
## ..- attr(*, "imputed")= int 52 61 133 171 220 222 228 242 262 280 ...
## $ magNst : num 3 13 17 5 26 10 9 3 11 25 ...
## $ status : chr "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" ...
## $ locationSource : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ magSource : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ class : Factor w/ 7 levels "Negative","Zero",..: 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ date : POSIXct, format: "2019-12-30 19:37:29" "2019-12-30 19:27:05" ...
## $ year : int 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 ...
## $ month : int 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 ...
## $ day : int 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ...
## - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>plot_density(ca$mag)
plot_histogram(ca$mag)
summary(ca)##
## 126 values imputed to 0.2008374## time latitude longitude depth
## Length:4060 Min. :32.55 Min. :-124.7 Min. :-2.350
## Class :character 1st Qu.:35.60 1st Qu.:-118.9 1st Qu.: 2.570
## Mode :character Median :35.86 Median :-117.7 Median : 5.040
## Mean :36.03 Mean :-118.6 Mean : 5.952
## 3rd Qu.:37.43 3rd Qu.:-117.5 3rd Qu.: 8.340
## Max. :41.52 Max. :-115.5 Max. :42.040
##
## mag magType nst gap
## Min. :-0.680 Length:4060 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 11.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.660 Class :character 1st Qu.: 12.00 1st Qu.: 62.00
## Median : 0.960 Mode :character Median : 17.00 Median : 84.00
## Mean : 1.047 Mean : 20.35 Mean : 96.74
## 3rd Qu.: 1.340 3rd Qu.: 25.00 3rd Qu.:124.00
## Max. : 4.290 Max. :144.00 Max. :354.00
##
## dmin rms net id
## Min. :0.0002729 Min. :0.0000 Length:4060 Length:4060
## 1st Qu.:0.0212175 1st Qu.:0.0600 Class :character Class :character
## Median :0.0466200 Median :0.1400 Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :0.0526344 Mean :0.1266
## 3rd Qu.:0.0736700 3rd Qu.:0.1800
## Max. :0.6198000 Max. :0.3800
##
## updated place type horizontalError
## Length:4060 Length:4060 Length:4060 Min. :0.0900
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:0.2400
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median :0.3200
## Mean :0.3911
## 3rd Qu.:0.4200
## Max. :7.0800
##
## depthError magError magNst status
## Min. : 0.1000 Min. :0.0010 Min. : 0.00 Length:4060
## 1st Qu.: 0.4500 1st Qu.:0.1210 1st Qu.: 6.75 Class :character
## Median : 0.6200 Median :0.1610 Median : 11.00 Mode :character
## Mean : 1.3229 Mean :0.1673 Mean : 14.37
## 3rd Qu.: 0.8625 3rd Qu.:0.2008 3rd Qu.: 19.00
## Max. :31.6100 Max. :0.8300 Max. :304.00
##
## locationSource magSource class
## Length:4060 Length:4060 Negative: 42
## Class :character Class :character Zero :2140
## Mode :character Mode :character First :1611
## Second : 241
## Third : 24
## Fourth : 2
## Fifth : 0
## date year month day
## Min. :2019-11-30 19:58:15 Min. :2019 Min. :11.00 Min. : 1.00
## 1st Qu.:2019-12-08 03:52:45 1st Qu.:2019 1st Qu.:12.00 1st Qu.: 8.00
## Median :2019-12-15 03:13:44 Median :2019 Median :12.00 Median :15.00
## Mean :2019-12-15 09:34:30 Mean :2019 Mean :11.99 Mean :15.12
## 3rd Qu.:2019-12-22 04:37:38 3rd Qu.:2019 3rd Qu.:12.00 3rd Qu.:22.00
## Max. :2019-12-30 19:37:29 Max. :2019 Max. :12.00 Max. :30.00
## plot_missing(ca)
profile_missing(ca)## feature num_missing pct_missing
## 1 time 0 0
## 2 latitude 0 0
## 3 longitude 0 0
## 4 depth 0 0
## 5 mag 0 0
## 6 magType 0 0
## 7 nst 0 0
## 8 gap 0 0
## 9 dmin 0 0
## 10 rms 0 0
## 11 net 0 0
## 12 id 0 0
## 13 updated 0 0
## 14 place 0 0
## 15 type 0 0
## 16 horizontalError 0 0
## 17 depthError 0 0
## 18 magError 0 0
## 19 magNst 0 0
## 20 status 0 0
## 21 locationSource 0 0
## 22 magSource 0 0
## 23 class 0 0
## 24 date 0 0
## 25 year 0 0
## 26 month 0 0
## 27 day 0 0plot_str(ca)
str(ca)## 'data.frame': 4060 obs. of 27 variables:
## $ time : chr "2019-12-30T19:37:29.590Z" "2019-12-30T19:27:05.370Z" "2019-12-30T19:15:20.730Z" "2019-12-30T18:53:16.840Z" ...
## $ latitude : num 38.8 36 39.8 33.6 33.6 ...
## $ longitude : num -123 -117 -122 -117 -117 ...
## $ depth : num 3.47 2.62 17.1 5.32 3.35 ...
## $ mag : num 0.81 1.37 2.62 0.74 2.51 0.93 0.13 0.57 0.92 0.81 ...
## $ magType : chr "md" "ml" "md" "ml" ...
## $ nst : num 20 19 16 20 93 11 10 17 24 25 ...
## $ gap : num 58 97 45 75 15 100 100 60 68 70 ...
## $ dmin : num 0.0116 0.1152 0.1979 0.0383 0.0455 ...
## $ rms : num 0.02 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.23 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.24 0.19 ...
## $ net : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ id : chr "nc73321516" "ci39017855" "nc73321511" "ci39017839" ...
## $ updated : chr "2019-12-30T19:47:01.850Z" "2019-12-30T19:30:48.527Z" "2019-12-30T19:36:28.521Z" "2019-12-30T18:56:56.463Z" ...
## $ place : chr "6km NW of The Geysers, CA" "24km N of Searles Valley, CA" "5km NNE of Hamilton City, CA" "13km WNW of Anza, CA" ...
## $ type : chr "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" "earthquake" ...
## $ horizontalError: num 0.23 0.28 0.57 0.45 0.18 0.96 0.62 0.25 0.36 0.52 ...
## $ depthError : num 0.59 1.01 1.35 0.82 0.59 1.16 0.9 0.52 1.01 0.68 ...
## $ magError : 'impute' num 0.06 0.115 0.23 0.275 0.107 0.29 0.242 0.01 0.116 0.216 ...
## ..- attr(*, "imputed")= int 52 61 133 171 220 222 228 242 262 280 ...
## $ magNst : num 3 13 17 5 26 10 9 3 11 25 ...
## $ status : chr "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" "automatic" ...
## $ locationSource : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ magSource : chr "nc" "ci" "nc" "ci" ...
## $ class : Factor w/ 7 levels "Negative","Zero",..: 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ date : POSIXct, format: "2019-12-30 19:37:29" "2019-12-30 19:27:05" ...
## $ year : int 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 ...
## $ month : int 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 ...
## $ day : int 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ...
## - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=<externalptr>numeric_vars <- names(which(sapply(all_clean, class) == "numeric"))
integer_vars <- names(which(sapply(all_clean, class) == "integer"))
factor_vars <- names(which(sapply(all_clean,class)=="factor"))
character_vars <- names(which(sapply(all_clean, class) == "character"))
sapply(all_clean[, numeric_vars], summary)## latitude longitude depth mag rms
## Min. -60.75650 -179.9702 -10.00000 -1.380000 0.0000000
## 1st Qu. 33.77425 -148.8526 3.67000 0.870000 0.1200000
## Median 36.61913 -117.8538 7.68000 1.400000 0.1800000
## Mean 39.24526 -112.2350 20.03481 1.610608 0.2884168
## 3rd Qu. 52.53548 -116.2590 15.71500 2.050000 0.4100000
## Max. 83.32290 179.7916 623.63000 6.800000 4.4400000describe(all_clean[, numeric_vars])## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range
## latitude 1 10264 39.25 17.83 36.62 40.13 10.54 -60.76 83.32 144.08
## longitude 2 10264 -112.24 59.03 -117.85 -122.98 10.92 -179.97 179.79 359.76
## depth 3 10264 20.03 43.09 7.68 11.14 7.24 -10.00 623.63 633.63
## mag 4 10264 1.61 1.15 1.40 1.47 0.87 -1.38 6.80 8.18
## rms 5 10264 0.29 0.26 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.00 4.44 4.44
## skew kurtosis se
## latitude -0.95 3.06 0.18
## longitude 3.11 10.66 0.58
## depth 7.34 77.40 0.43
## mag 1.17 1.54 0.01
## rms 1.91 8.37 0.00pairs(all_clean[,numeric_vars])
class_zero <- filter(ca,mag>0)
class_one <- filter(ca, mag>=1)
class_two <- filter(ca,mag>=2 )
class_three <- filter(ca, mag>=3 )
class_four <- filter(ca,mag>=4 )#hist_three <- class_three %>% select(mag, depth,class)
#ggplot(data = hist_three, aes(x = mag, y = depth,color=class)) + geom_point() + guides(fill=FALSE)
class_zero <- filter(all_clean,mag >0)
ggplot(data=class_zero,aes(x=mag,y=depth,color=class))+geom_point()
Mapping of earthquakes
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'xts':
## method from
## as.zoo.xts zoo## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'quantmod':
## method from
## as.zoo.data.frame zoo## Highcharts (www.highcharts.com) is a Highsoft software product which is## not free for commercial and Governmental useTime series: grouping into each date with average magnitute regardless of location.
