Objectives

Using the spatial visualization techniques, explore this data set on Pennsylvania hospitals (http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=eccee5dfe01e4c4283c9be0cfc596882). Create a series of 5 maps that highlight spatial differences in hospital service coverage for the state of PA.

To help you in getting the data imported into R, I have included the code below:

To import the data I use the foreign package, if you do not have it than be sure to install it prior to testing the code.

install.packages("ggthemes", repos="https://cran.us.r-project.org")
## Installing package into 'C:/Users/Mingmei Yang/Documents/R/win-library/3.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## package 'ggthemes' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\Mingmei Yang\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpyQAZZa\downloaded_packages
install.packages("foreign",repos="https://cran.us.r-project.org")
## Installing package into 'C:/Users/Mingmei Yang/Documents/R/win-library/3.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## package 'foreign' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'foreign'
## Warning in file.copy(savedcopy, lib, recursive = TRUE):
## problem copying C:\Users\Mingmei Yang\Documents\R\win-
## library\3.6\00LOCK\foreign\libs\x64\foreign.dll to C:\Users\Mingmei
## Yang\Documents\R\win-library\3.6\foreign\libs\x64\foreign.dll: Permission
## denied
## Warning: restored 'foreign'
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\Mingmei Yang\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpyQAZZa\downloaded_packages
install.packages("ggplot2",repos="https://cran.us.r-project.org")
## Installing package into 'C:/Users/Mingmei Yang/Documents/R/win-library/3.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## package 'ggplot2' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\Mingmei Yang\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpyQAZZa\downloaded_packages
install.packages("ggmap",repos="https://cran.us.r-project.org")
## Installing package into 'C:/Users/Mingmei Yang/Documents/R/win-library/3.6'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)
## package 'ggmap' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
## 
## The downloaded binary packages are in
##  C:\Users\Mingmei Yang\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpyQAZZa\downloaded_packages
library(ggthemes)
library(foreign)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggmap)
## Google's Terms of Service: https://cloud.google.com/maps-platform/terms/.
## Please cite ggmap if you use it! See citation("ggmap") for details.

The dataset contains a number of variables about each hospital, many of them are clear and straight forward.

dat <- read.dbf("C:/Users/Mingmei Yang/Downloads/pennsylv.dbf")  # change this to connect to your version
names(dat)
##   [1] "acc_trauma" "air_amb"    "als"        "arc_street" "arc_zone"  
##   [6] "bas_ls"     "bassinets"  "bb_id"      "bc_beds"    "bc_sus_bed"
##  [11] "beds_sus"   "birthing_r" "bone_marro" "burn_car"   "burn_care" 
##  [16] "card_beds"  "card_surge" "card_sus_b" "cardiac"    "cardiac_ca"
##  [21] "cardio_reh" "chemo"      "city"       "clin_lab"   "clin_psych"
##  [26] "county"     "countyname" "ct_scan"    "cty_key"    "cystoscopi"
##  [31] "deliv_rms"  "dental"     "detox_alc_" "diag_radio" "diag_xray" 
##  [36] "doh_hosp"   "doh_phone"  "emer_dept"  "endoscopie" "fac_id"    
##  [41] "facility"   "flu_old"    "fred_con_1" "fred_conta" "fred_email"
##  [46] "fred_fax"   "fred_hosp"  "fred_pager" "fred_phone" "gamma_knif"
##  [51] "gen_outpat" "gene_counc" "heart_tran" "helipad"    "hemodial_c"
##  [56] "hemodial_m" "hosp_id"    "hospice"    "hyper_cham" "icu"       
##  [61] "icu_beds"   "icu_sus_be" "inpat_flu_" "inpat_pneu" "kidney_tra"
##  [66] "labor_rms"  "lic_beds"   "lic_dent"   "lic_dos"    "lic_mds"   
##  [71] "lic_pod"    "linear_acc" "lithotrips" "liver_tran" "loc_method"
##  [76] "ltc"        "mcd"        "mcd_key"    "mcd_name"   "medical"   
##  [81] "mob_ccu"    "mob_icu"    "mri"        "ms1"        "neo2_beds" 
##  [86] "neo2_sus_b" "neo3_beds"  "neo3_sus_b" "neuro_surg" "neurology" 
##  [91] "obs_gyn"    "occ_ther"   "optometry"  "organ_bank" "ped_trauma"
##  [96] "pediatric"  "pet"        "pharmacy"   "phys_med"   "phys_ther" 
## [101] "podiatry"   "providerid" "psych"      "psych_inpa" "reg_trauma"
## [106] "resp_ther"  "so_flu_65u" "social_wor" "speech_pat" "street"    
## [111] "surgical"   "surgical_s" "thera_radi" "typ_org"    "typ_serv"  
## [116] "ultrasound" "x"          "y"          "zip"

Now create 5 maps, including descriptions, that highlight the spatial distribution of hospital services in the state of PA. Upload these maps as a document to rpubs.com and submit that link the Moodle assignment.

register_google(key = "AIzaSyBr4nIaBr8ZjJL36w3r59O4cR2L_Ex1ryY")
heart_transplant = subset(dat, heart_tran == "Y")
qmplot(x, y, data = heart_transplant, legend = "none", colour= I('red'), mapcolor = "color", extent = "panel", main = "Hospitals in PA with Heart Transplant surgery capability", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude", source = 'google', maptype = 'roadmap', zoom = 7)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.20258,-77.577704&zoom=7&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx

chemotherapy = subset(dat, chemo == "Y")
chemoPA = subset(chemotherapy, county == "Philadelphia")
qmplot(x, y, data = chemoPA, legend = "none", colour= I('red'), mapcolor = "color", extent = "panel", main = "Hospitals in Philadelphia with Chemotherapy capability", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude", source = 'google', maptype = 'terrain', zoom = 11)
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.012589,-75.136495&zoom=11&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&language=en-EN&key=xxx

organbank = subset(dat, organ_bank=="Y")
organbankPI = subset(organbank, city == "Pittsburgh")
qmplot(x,y, data = organbankPI, colour = I('red'), size = I(4), zoom = 11, extent = "panel", source = "google", maptype = "toner", main = "Hospitals in Pittsburgh with Organ Bank", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude")
## maptype = "toner" is only available with source = "stamen".
## resetting to source = "stamen"...
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.499521,-80.002839&zoom=11&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=terrain&key=xxx
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/567/770.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/568/770.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/569/770.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/570/770.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/567/771.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/568/771.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/569/771.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/570/771.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/567/772.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/568/772.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/569/772.png
## Source : http://tile.stamen.com/toner/11/570/772.png

neurosur = subset(dat, neuro_surg == "Y")
neurosurDA = subset(neurosur, county == "Dauphin")
qmplot(x,y, data = neurosurDA, colour = I('blue'), size = I(4), zoom = 10, extent = "panel", source = "google", maptype = "roadmap", main = "Hospitals in Dauphin County with Neurosurgery capability", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude")
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=40.263754,-76.674842&zoom=10&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=roadmap&language=en-EN&key=xxx

opt = subset(dat, optometry == "Y")
optE = subset(opt, city == "Erie")
qmplot(x,y, data = optE, colour = I('red'), size = I(4), zoom = 8, extent = "panel", source = "google", maptype = "hybrid", main = "Hospitals in Erie with Optometry", xlab = "Longitude", ylab = "Latitude")
## Source : https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=42.133605,-80.087098&zoom=8&size=640x640&scale=2&maptype=hybrid&language=en-EN&key=xxx