F. Fringu¹, D. Zdrenghea¹, G. Gusetu¹, B. Caloian¹, H. Comsa¹, A. Bian², D. Gurzau¹, R. Tomoaiav, C. Florea¹, F. Morar², D. Pop¹ (¹) University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj Napoca, Rehabilitation Cardiology Department Cluj-Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania (²) Clinical Rehabilitaion Hospital, Cardiology Department, Cluj Napoca, Romania

Table 1. Summary of the most relevant paramenters in all groups of patients.

Factor

Detalis

control

DM w/ complic.

DM with complic.

Total

Statistics

Group

63 (52.5%)

24 (20.0%)

33 (27.5%)

120

Diabetes

0

24 (100%)

33 (100%)

57 (47.9%)

V=1.00 (p<0.001)

Diabetes complications

0

0

33 (100%)

33 (58.9%)

V=1.00 (p<0.001)

Age (years)

μ ±DS

69.03 ±10.5

69.04 ±7.35

71.88 ±8.85

69.82 ±9.51

1-way ANOVA: p=0.346

M (min:max)

69 (45:90)

68 (58:84)

74 (55:88)

70 (45:90)

Sex

F

14 (22.2%)

12 (50.0%)

20 (60.6%)

46 (38.3%)

V=0.36 (p<0.001)

M

49 (77.8%)

12 (50.0%)

13 (39.4%)

74 (61.7%)

BMI (kg/m²)

μ ±DS

28.88 ±6.8

29.15 ±5.53

31.17 ±5.73

29.57 ±6.29

1-way ANOVA: p=0.239

M (min:max)

27.64 (17.58:44.08)

30.02 (18.93:42.24)

31.9 (17.3:41.8)

29.69 (17.3:44.08)

ST2 (ng/ml)

μ ±DS

45.18 ±22.9

40.32 ±22.9

53.21 ±31.9

46.32 ±25.8

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.346

M (min:max)

40 (17:130)

32 (16:109)

44 (15:120)

40 (15:130)

Galectin-3 (ng/ml)

μ ±DS

15.12 ±5.69

14.03 ±10.2

16.23 ±4.9

15.19 ±6.69

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.052

M (min:max)

13.5 (7.2:27)

11 (6:51)

17.05 (7.4:26)

13.35 (6:51)

NT-proBNP (pg/ml)

μ ±DS

3153.36 ±3924.5

3201.92 ±3277.0

4364.90 ±4213.9

3493.04 ±3884.8

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.517

M (min:max)

2300 (137:27069)

2306 (283:13000)

2542 (145:15000)

2459 (137:27069)

Cholesterol

μ ±DS

158.65 ±39.8

162.10 ±66.7

152.30 ±47.5

157.58 ±48.1

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.595

M (min:max)

159.5 (79:240)

157.5 (9.43:317)

145 (64:316)

155 (9.43:317)

LDL

μ ±DS

94.86 ±31.9

98.46 ±50.7

88.47 ±39.4

93.82 ±38.2

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.615

M (min:max)

98.5 (9:164)

85 (27:222)

85 (6:190)

92 (6:222)

HDL

μ ±DS

40.44 ±12.6

44.12 ±31.0

37.58 ±12.5

40.39 ±17.8

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.359

M (min:max)

38.5 (21:90)

36 (18:166)

36 (19:94)

38 (18:166)

Triglycerides

μ ±DS

113.29 ±58.4

146.42 ±86.7

120.73 ±48.3

122.03 ±63.4

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.097

M (min:max)

101 (51:361)

117.5 (43:399)

113 (58:255)

109 (43:399)

Creatinin

μ ±DS

1.28 ±0.482

1.10 ±0.364

1.31 ±0.75

1.25 ±0.552

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.406

M (min:max)

1.11 (0.55:2.57)

1.01 (0.53:2.34)

1.23 (0.56:4.89)

1.11 (0.53:4.89)

Creatinin clerence

μ ±DS

64.89 ±26.5

68.88 ±26.7

59.49 ±25.7

64.20 ±26.3

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.447

M (min:max)

64 (20:147)

64.6 (22.2:163.4)

60.2 (9.2:117.4)

62.8 (9.2:163.4)

LVEF (%)

μ ±DS

36.92 ±10.9

39.88 ±12.4

41.76 ±10.8

38.84 ±11.3

Kruskal-Wallis: p=0.152

M (min:max)

38 (16:56)

42.5 (20:60)

40 (25:64)

40 (16:64)

Hypertension

no

23 (39.0%)

9 (40.9%)

6 (18.2%)

38 (33.3%)

V=0.27 (p=0.002)

stage 1

0

0

0

0

stage 2

25 (42.4%)

12 (54.5%)

11 (33.3%)

48 (42.1%)

stage 3

11 (18.6%)

1 (4.5%)

16 (48.5%)

28 (24.6%)

CKD

no

8 (24.2%)

6 (50.0%)

5 (27.8%)

19 (30.2%)

V=0.17 (p=0.454)

stage 3

21 (63.6%)

4 (33.3%)

11 (61.1%)

36 (57.1%)

stage 4-5

4 (12.1%)

2 (16.7%)

2 (11.1%)

8 (12.7%)

NYHA Class

II

8 (13.3%)

7 (31.8%)

6 (18.2%)

21 (18.3%)

V=0.13 (p=0.448)

III

39 (65.0%)

11 (50.0%)

20 (60.6%)

70 (60.9%)

IV

13 (21.7%)

4 (18.2%)

7 (21.2%)

24 (20.9%)

Diuretics

57 (90.5%)

24 (100%)

31 (93.9%)

112 (93.3%)

V=0.15 (p=0.278)

Nitrates

25 (39.7%)

14 (58.3%)

15 (45.5%)

54 (45.0%)

V=0.14 (p=0.294)

AECI

30 (47.6%)

13 (54.2%)

17 (51.5%)

60 (50.0%)

V=0.05 (p=0.844)

Digoxin

20 (31.7%)

5 (20.8%)

12 (36.4%)

37 (30.8%)

V=0.12 (p=0.444)

Beta-blockers

54 (85.7%)

22 (91.7%)

26 (78.8%)

102 (85.0%)

V=0.12 (p=0.394)

Antiagrants

19 (30.2%)

10 (41.7%)

11 (33.3%)

40 (33.3%)

V=0.09 (p=0.596)

ACO

40 (63.5%)

15 (62.5%)

24 (72.7%)

79 (65.8%)

V=0.09 (p=0.616)

Antiaritmice

28 (44.4%)

9 (37.5%)

11 (33.3%)

48 (40.0%)

V=0.10 (p=0.551)

Sartani

17 (27.0%)

6 (25.0%)

13 (39.4%)

36 (30.0%)

V=0.13 (p=0.378)

Entresto

4 (6.3%)

1 (4.3%)

3 (9.1%)

8 (6.7%)

V=0.07 (p=0.773)

Spirono

48 (76.2%)

19 (79.2%)

27 (81.8%)

94 (78.3%)

V=0.06 (p=0.812)

Statina

27 (42.9%)

16 (69.6%)

21 (63.6%)

64 (53.8%)

V=0.24 (p=0.037)

ADO

2 (3.2%)

16 (66.7%)

17 (51.5%)

35 (29.2%)

V=0.61 (p<0.001)

Insulina

0

5 (20.8%)

20 (60.6%)

25 (20.8%)

V=0.63 (p<0.001)

LVEF>50%

4 (6.3%)

4 (16.7%)

5 (15.2%)

13 (10.8%)

V=0.15 (p=0.247)

μ ±DS = Mean (standard deviation); M (min:max) = Median (min:max); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test);

Benjamini, Yoav, and Yosef Hochberg. “Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), vol. 57, no. 1, 1995, pp. 289–300. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2346101.

0.0.0.1 ST2-Biomarker Insuf Cardiaca

0.0.0.2 Galectina 3- Biomarker Insuf Cardiaca

0.0.0.3 BNP

After the logarithmic transformation of NT-proBNP values, ANOVA assumptions were met and we found similar results.

After the logarithmic transformation of NT-proBNP values, ANOVA assumptions were met and we found a significant 1.1 fold increase in its value between patients with no CKD and those with CKD of any stage (p=0.026, planned contrast) and no significant increase between patients with CKD of stage 3 and stages 4-5 (p=0.588, planned contrast).

0.0.0.4 Fe

0.0.0.5 Correlation matrix

Control group

DM without complications group

DM with complications group

There were several significant correlations between biomarkers, but they were strongest in healthy patients and weakest in patients with DM and complications. In DM patients without complications, none of the biomarkers were signifficantly intercorrelated, although all the correlation coefficients were larger tha in patients with DM and complications. In control patients, NT-proBNP signifficantly decreases as LVEF, Creatinin clearence and Cholesterol values increase while Galectin-3 values decrease as LVEF and Cholesterol values increase. In patients with DM and complications, NT-proBNP is significantly negatively correlated with LVEF and Creatinin clearence and ST2 is also negatively correlated with LVEF. We found no significant correlations among the same pairs for the patients with DM and no complications.