1. Climate services

7.1 Access to climate information services (General)

Percentage of farmers (men, female) who answered Yes to the question: In the last 12 months, did you personally have access to or receive any weather or climate forecast information?

Percentage of farmers N Percentage
Farmers 344 49%
Female 168 40%
Male 176 56%

7.2 Access to CIS (by type and gender)

Percentage of farmers (men or female) that answered “Yes” to the following questions: Did you personally have access to storm or extreme weather warning?, Did you personally have access to weather forecast? or Did you personally have access to seasonal forecast?

Service Number of farmers N Percentage
Extreme weather warning Farmers 167 13%
Female 68 10%
Male 99 14%
Seasonal forecast Farmers 167 54%
Female 68 54%
Male 99 55%
Weather forecast Farmers 166 82%
Female 67 78%
Male 99 85%

7.2.1 Access to management advisories associated with climate information services

Percentage of farmers (men, female) who answered Yes to the questions: Was this weather information provided also associated with agro-advisory services? and Was this weather information provided also associated with agro-advisory services?

Number of farmers Forecasts N Percentage
Farmers Weather forecast 137 92%
Seasonal forecast 91 91%
Female Weather forecast 53 98%
Seasonal forecast 37 95%
Male Weather forecast 84 88%
Seasonal forecast 54 89%

7.2.2 Access to management advisories associated with Seasonal Forecast (by type and gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) who reported receiving different types of agro-advisories associated with the seasonal forecast, who answered the question: Which was the main type of management advisory you personally received?

Number of farmers N Fertilizer use Varieties Water / irrigation management
Farmers 83 42% 57% 1%
Female 35 40% 60% 0%
Male 48 44% 54% 2%

7.3 CIS channels (by type of CIS and gender)

Percentage of farmers who answered the question: “Through which channel did you personally receive [The CIS]”?

Number of farmers Service N Cellphone or internet Personal contact or social group Radio TV or Loudspeaker Other Printed media or community bulletin
Farmers Extreme weather warning 21 71% 67% 24% 0% 0%
Seasonal forecast 91 80% 68% 31% 1% 1%
Weather forecast 137 74% 62% 23% 3% 0%
Female Extreme weather warning 7 86% 57% 14% 0% 0%
Seasonal forecast 37 86% 84% 27% 0% 0%
Weather forecast 53 79% 70% 9% 4% 0%
Male Extreme weather warning 14 64% 71% 29% 0% 0%
Seasonal forecast 54 76% 57% 33% 2% 2%
Weather forecast 84 71% 57% 31% 2% 0%

7.3.1 Information channels for extreme weather warning (by gender)

Number of farmers N Cellphone or internet Personal contact or social group Radio TV or Loudspeaker
Female 7 86% 57% 14%
Male 14 64% 71% 29%

7.3.2 Information channels for weather forecast (by gender)

Number of farmers N Cellphone or internet Personal contact or social group Radio TV or Loudspeaker Other
Female 53 79% 70% 9% 4%
Male 84 71% 57% 31% 2%

7.3.3 Information channels for seasonal forecast (by gender)

Number of farmers N Cellphone or internet Personal contact or social group Radio TV or Loudspeaker Other Printed media or community bulletin
Female 37 86% 84% 27% 0% 0%
Male 54 76% 57% 33% 2% 2%

7.4 Changes in farming activities driven by access to the seasonal forecast

Percentage of farmers (male, female) that answered Yes to the questions: “In response to the seasonal forecast, did you or anyone in your household undertake changes in your cropping activities?” and “In response to the seasonal forecast, did you or anyone in your household undertake changes in your livestock activities?”

Changes cropping activities
Changes in animal related activities
Number of farmers N Percentage N Percentage
Farmers 91 76% 90 12%
Female 37 73% 37 5%
Male 54 78% 53 17%

7.4.1 Specific changes in cropping activities driven by Seasonal forecast (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male, female) who reported specific changes in their cropping activities and/or to their crops in response to the seasonal forecast, answering the question: “The main change that you personally made in your household cropping activities involved:”

Number of farmers N Changed farm infrastructure Changing crops Changing management practice of current cropping activities in my farm
Farmers 69 1% 20% 78%
Female 27 4% 19% 78%
Male 42 0% 21% 79%

7.4.1.1 Specific changes in cropping activities driven by Seasonal forecast (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male, female) who reported specific changes in their cropping activities and/or to their crops in response to the seasonal forecast, answering the question: “The main change that you personally made in the household crops in response to the information received was that you:”

Number of farmers N Changed varieties (substitution) Introduced more crops (diversification)
Farmers 14 79% 21%
Female 5 100% 0%
Male 9 67% 33%

7.5 Farmers capacity to use climate information

Percentage of farmers (male and female) who answered Yes to three questions related to the ability to use weather information: “Were you ABLE to use the daily/weekly weather forecast to take a specific agricultural related decision?” and “Were you ABLE to use the Seasonal forecast to take a specific agricultural related decision?”

Service Number of farmers N Percentage
Extreme weather warning Farmers 21 43%
Female 7 29%
Male 14 50%
Seasonal forecast Farmers 91 90%
Female 37 92%
Male 54 89%
Weather forecast Farmers 137 82%
Female 53 92%
Male 84 76%

7.6 Limiting factors to the use of climate information (by type and gender)

7.6.1 Limiting factors to the use of early warning

Percentage of farmers (male and female) that reported specific reasons for the non-use of early warning information by answering the question: Why were you personally not able to use the storm or extreme weather warning?

Number of farmers N Did not have the resource to take other management decisions Did not trust the information / not accurate enough Did not understand the information
Farmers 12 8% 17% 75%
Female 5 0% 0% 100%
Male 7 14% 29% 57%

7.6.2 Limiting factors to the use of daily forecasts (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (man and female) who reported specific reasons for their inability to use the information from the daily forecasts answering the question: Why were you personally not able to use the weather forecast?

Number of farmers N Did not have the resource to take other management decisions Did not know what decisions to change Did not trust the information / not accurate enough Did not understand the information
Farmers 24 33% 4% 8% 54%
Female 4 50% 0% 0% 50%
Male 20 30% 5% 10% 55%

7.6.3 Limiting factors to the use of seasonal forecasts (by gender)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) who reported specific reasons for their inability to use seasonal forecast information by answering the question: Why were you personally not able to use the seasonal forecast?

Number of farmers N Did not have the resource to take other management decisions Did not trust the information / not accurate enough Did not understand the information
Farmers 9 33% 11% 56%
Female 3 67% 33% 0%
Male 6 17% 0% 83%

7.7 Training on Climate information

Percentage of farmers (male and female) who answered Yes to the questions: “Did you personally receive training on storm or extreme weather warning?”, “Did you personally receive training on weather forecast?” and “Did you personally receive training on seasonal forecast?”

Service Number of farmers N Percentage
Extreme weather warning Farmers 21 43%
Female 7 57%
Male 14 36%
Seasonal forecast Farmers 91 76%
Female 37 78%
Male 54 74%
Weather forecast Farmers 136 78%
Female 53 79%
Male 83 77%

7.7.1 Source of training on climate services (by type)

Percentage of farmers (male and female) who reported receiving training in climate services from different sources, answering the questions: “From whom did you personally receive the training?”, “From whom did you personally receive the training?” and “From whom did you personally receive the training?”

Service Number of farmers Trainer N Percentage
Extreme weather warning Farmers CCAFS / key local implementing partner 9 11%
Commercial / private company 9 11%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 9 78%
Female CCAFS / key local implementing partner 4 25%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 4 75%
Male Commercial / private company 5 20%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 5 80%
Seasonal forecast Farmers CCAFS / key local implementing partner 69 36%
Don’t know 69 1%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 69 58%
Relative, neighbor or expert within the community 69 4%
Female CCAFS / key local implementing partner 29 24%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 29 69%
Relative, neighbor or expert within the community 29 7%
Male CCAFS / key local implementing partner 40 45%
Don’t know 40 2%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 40 50%
Relative, neighbor or expert within the community 40 2%
Weather forecast Farmers CCAFS / key local implementing partner 107 55%
Commercial / private company 107 1%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 107 43%
Relative, neighbor or expert within the community 107 1%
Female CCAFS / key local implementing partner 42 48%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 42 52%
Male CCAFS / key local implementing partner 65 60%
Commercial / private company 65 2%
Government agricultural extension or Meteorogical office 65 37%
Relative, neighbor or expert within the community 65 2%

There were no farmers who received training of forecasts

2019-11-05