The FAA Wildlife Strike Database contains records of reported wildlife strikes since 1990. Strike reporting is voluntary. Therefore, this database only represents the information we have received from airlines, airports, pilots, and other sources.
Data Source: FAA https://wildlife.faa.gov/
Original Report: https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/media/Wildlife-Strike-Report-1990-2017.pdf
Wildlife impacts (or at the very least the ones that have been reported) have increased significantly since 2000 compared to the 90s. I wonder if this is down to an overall increase in flights for across the board.
How many of these actually caused any damage to the aircraft reported in the incidents?
| damage_type | n |
|---|---|
| None | 48650 |
| Minor or Uncertain | 2977 |
| Substantial | 1027 |
So although the vast majority of wildlife strikes have caused minor or uncertain damage, let’s focus for a bit on the ones that caused substantial damage or actually destroyed aircraft. There are no destroyed incidents recorded in the data set which must be some sort of error so we can look at that later.
## Selecting by percent
| species | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown bird - small | 14103 | 0.2898869 |
| Unknown bird - medium | 13204 | 0.2714080 |
| Unknown bird | 2958 | 0.0608016 |
| Gulls | 1185 | 0.0243577 |
| Mourning dove | 1069 | 0.0219733 |
| Barn swallow | 958 | 0.0196917 |
| Sparrows | 746 | 0.0153340 |
| European starling | 691 | 0.0142035 |
| Horned lark | 675 | 0.0138746 |
| Unknown bird - large | 578 | 0.0118808 |
| Rock pigeon | 522 | 0.0107297 |
| American kestrel | 498 | 0.0102364 |
| Killdeer | 459 | 0.0094347 |
| Cliff swallow | 417 | 0.0085714 |
| Blackbirds | 414 | 0.0085098 |
| Perching birds (y) | 392 | 0.0080576 |
| American robin | 371 | 0.0076259 |
| Chimney swift | 324 | 0.0066598 |
| Red-tailed hawk | 318 | 0.0065365 |
| Hawks | 270 | 0.0055498 |
Let’s get rid of unknown birds as they don’t tell us much.
## Selecting by percent
So Gulls are responsible for most of the known species of wildlife impacts. Let’s start calling them birds to keep it simple!
So most serious impacts occur by day, at low altitude at between 100-200mph. This suggests that most impacts occur during the start or end of a flight i.e. on or just after take off or on the approach to land. This would make sense.
So around 40% of bird strikes occur on the approach rather than just after take off.
What is the breakdown of impacts by phase of flight, time of day and the sky?
## Warning: 'add_totals_col' is deprecated.
## Use 'adorn_totals("col")' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
| phase_of_flt | Dawn | Day | Dusk | Night | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approach | 210 | 7670 | 648 | 7726 | 16254 |
| Landing Roll | 72 | 4356 | 274 | 825 | 5527 |
| Climb | 360 | 3540 | 245 | 1287 | 5432 |
| Take-Off Run | 311 | 4236 | 219 | 367 | 5133 |
| Descent | 3 | 155 | 6 | 315 | 479 |
| Departure | 12 | 211 | 11 | 32 | 266 |
| Arrival | 3 | 79 | 4 | 19 | 105 |
| Local | 3 | 47 | 2 | 17 | 69 |
| En Route | 1 | 22 | 0 | 20 | 43 |
| Taxi | 0 | 30 | 1 | 11 | 42 |
| Parked | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
What are the most common circumstances that lead to a seriously damaged or destroyed airplane from birds?