Wildlife Impacts on Aircraft since 1990

The FAA Wildlife Strike Database contains records of reported wildlife strikes since 1990. Strike reporting is voluntary. Therefore, this database only represents the information we have received from airlines, airports, pilots, and other sources.

Data Source: FAA https://wildlife.faa.gov/

Original Report: https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/media/Wildlife-Strike-Report-1990-2017.pdf

Wildlife Impacts: Reported Incidents over time

Wildlife impacts (or at the very least the ones that have been reported) have increased significantly since 2000 compared to the 90s. I wonder if this is down to an overall increase in flights for across the board.

How many of these actually caused any damage to the aircraft reported in the incidents?

damage_type n
None 48650
Minor or Uncertain 2977
Substantial 1027

So although the vast majority of wildlife strikes have caused minor or uncertain damage, let’s focus for a bit on the ones that caused substantial damage or actually destroyed aircraft. There are no destroyed incidents recorded in the data set which must be some sort of error so we can look at that later.

What are the bird species responsible for the most damaging incidents?

## Selecting by percent
species n percent
Unknown bird - small 14103 0.2898869
Unknown bird - medium 13204 0.2714080
Unknown bird 2958 0.0608016
Gulls 1185 0.0243577
Mourning dove 1069 0.0219733
Barn swallow 958 0.0196917
Sparrows 746 0.0153340
European starling 691 0.0142035
Horned lark 675 0.0138746
Unknown bird - large 578 0.0118808
Rock pigeon 522 0.0107297
American kestrel 498 0.0102364
Killdeer 459 0.0094347
Cliff swallow 417 0.0085714
Blackbirds 414 0.0085098
Perching birds (y) 392 0.0080576
American robin 371 0.0076259
Chimney swift 324 0.0066598
Red-tailed hawk 318 0.0065365
Hawks 270 0.0055498

Let’s get rid of unknown birds as they don’t tell us much.

## Selecting by percent

So Gulls are responsible for most of the known species of wildlife impacts. Let’s start calling them birds to keep it simple!

Height and speed of the bird impacts by time of day

So most serious impacts occur by day, at low altitude at between 100-200mph. This suggests that most impacts occur during the start or end of a flight i.e. on or just after take off or on the approach to land. This would make sense.

Number of serious accidents by Phase of flight

So around 40% of bird strikes occur on the approach rather than just after take off.

What is the breakdown of impacts by phase of flight, time of day and the sky?

## Warning: 'add_totals_col' is deprecated.
## Use 'adorn_totals("col")' instead.
## See help("Deprecated")
phase_of_flt Dawn Day Dusk Night Total
Approach 210 7670 648 7726 16254
Landing Roll 72 4356 274 825 5527
Climb 360 3540 245 1287 5432
Take-Off Run 311 4236 219 367 5133
Descent 3 155 6 315 479
Departure 12 211 11 32 266
Arrival 3 79 4 19 105
Local 3 47 2 17 69
En Route 1 22 0 20 43
Taxi 0 30 1 11 42
Parked 0 8 0 0 8

Decision tree on serious impacts

What are the most common circumstances that lead to a seriously damaged or destroyed airplane from birds?