Testing the unnesting performance of tidyr: comparing the version available on CRAN (v0.8.3, i.e. git checkout tags/v0.8.3) and the latest master (a0ecd23). Cloned the source codes for tibble and tidyr from github and built them to include source code output in profvis.

library(tibble)
# small tibble for profvis
tbl <- tibble(x = rep(list(1), 10))

# larger tibble to better demonstrate drop in performance
tbl_larger <- tibble(x = rep(list(1), 10^4))

tbl
## # A tibble: 10 x 1
##    x        
##    <list>   
##  1 <dbl [1]>
##  2 <dbl [1]>
##  3 <dbl [1]>
##  4 <dbl [1]>
##  5 <dbl [1]>
##  6 <dbl [1]>
##  7 <dbl [1]>
##  8 <dbl [1]>
##  9 <dbl [1]>
## 10 <dbl [1]>

Using the development version of tidyr

library(tidyr, lib.loc = "libs/master/")
profvis::profvis(unnest(tbl, x))
profvis::profvis(unnest(tbl_larger, x))

Time to unnest the larger tibble with latest tidyr version

system.time({ unnest(tbl_larger, x) })
##    user  system elapsed 
##   9.215   0.004   9.220
sessioninfo::session_info()
## ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  setting  value                       
##  version  R version 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)
##  os       Ubuntu 19.04                
##  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
##  ui       X11                         
##  language (EN)                        
##  collate  en_US.UTF-8                 
##  ctype    en_US.UTF-8                 
##  tz       Europe/Paris                
##  date     2019-07-30                  
## 
## ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  ! package     * version    date       lib source                         
##    assertthat    0.2.1      2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    backports     1.1.4      2019-04-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    cli           1.1.0      2019-03-19 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    crayon        1.3.4      2017-09-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    digest        0.6.20     2019-07-04 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##    evaluate      0.14       2019-05-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    fansi         0.4.0      2018-10-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    glue          1.3.1      2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    htmltools     0.3.6      2017-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    htmlwidgets   1.3        2018-09-30 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    jsonlite      1.6        2018-12-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    knitr         1.23       2019-05-18 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    magrittr      1.5        2014-11-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    pillar        1.4.2      2019-06-29 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    pkgconfig     2.0.2      2018-08-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    profvis       0.3.6      2019-05-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##    purrr         0.3.2      2019-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    Rcpp          1.0.2      2019-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##    rlang         0.4.0      2019-06-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    rmarkdown     1.14       2019-07-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##    sessioninfo   1.1.1      2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    stringi       1.4.3      2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    stringr       1.4.0      2019-02-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    tibble      * 2.1.3.9000 2019-07-30 [1] local                          
##  P tidyr       * 0.8.3.9000 2019-07-30 [?] local                          
##    tidyselect    0.2.5      2018-10-11 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    unilur        0.4.0.9000 2019-07-30 [1] Github (koncina/unilur@89a5c1d)
##    utf8          1.1.4      2018-05-24 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    vctrs         0.2.0      2019-07-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##    withr         2.1.2      2018-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    xfun          0.8        2019-06-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    yaml          2.2.0      2018-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##    zeallot       0.1.0      2018-01-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
## 
## [1] /home/eric/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6
## [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
## [3] /usr/lib/R/site-library
## [4] /usr/lib/R/library
## 
##  P ── Loaded and on-disk path mismatch.

Using tidyr v0.8.3

# Now using tidyr as on CRAN (v0.8.3)
detach("package:tidyr", unload = TRUE)
library(tidyr, lib.loc = "libs/cran/")
profvis::profvis(unnest(tbl, x))
profvis::profvis(unnest(tbl_larger, x))

Time to unnest the larger tibble with tidyr v0.8.3

system.time({ unnest(tbl_larger, x) })
##    user  system elapsed 
##   0.034   0.000   0.034
sessioninfo::session_info()
## ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  setting  value                       
##  version  R version 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)
##  os       Ubuntu 19.04                
##  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
##  ui       X11                         
##  language (EN)                        
##  collate  en_US.UTF-8                 
##  ctype    en_US.UTF-8                 
##  tz       Europe/Paris                
##  date     2019-07-30                  
## 
## ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
##  !  package     * version    date       lib source                         
##     assertthat    0.2.1      2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     backports     1.1.4      2019-04-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     cli           1.1.0      2019-03-19 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     crayon        1.3.4      2017-09-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     digest        0.6.20     2019-07-04 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     dplyr         0.8.3      2019-07-04 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     evaluate      0.14       2019-05-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     fansi         0.4.0      2018-10-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     glue          1.3.1      2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     htmltools     0.3.6      2017-04-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     htmlwidgets   1.3        2018-09-30 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     jsonlite      1.6        2018-12-07 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     knitr         1.23       2019-05-18 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     magrittr      1.5        2014-11-22 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     pillar        1.4.2      2019-06-29 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     pkgconfig     2.0.2      2018-08-16 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     profvis       0.3.6      2019-05-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     purrr         0.3.2      2019-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     R6            2.4.0      2019-02-14 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     Rcpp          1.0.2      2019-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     rlang         0.4.0      2019-06-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     rmarkdown     1.14       2019-07-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     sessioninfo   1.1.1      2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     stringi       1.4.3      2019-03-12 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     stringr       1.4.0      2019-02-10 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     tibble      * 2.1.3.9000 2019-07-30 [1] local                          
##  VP tidyr       * 0.8.3      2019-07-30 [?] local                          
##     tidyselect    0.2.5      2018-10-11 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     unilur        0.4.0.9000 2019-07-30 [1] Github (koncina/unilur@89a5c1d)
##     utf8          1.1.4      2018-05-24 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     vctrs         0.2.0      2019-07-05 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.1)                 
##     withr         2.1.2      2018-03-15 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     xfun          0.8        2019-06-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     yaml          2.2.0      2018-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
##     zeallot       0.1.0      2018-01-28 [1] CRAN (R 3.6.0)                 
## 
## [1] /home/eric/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.6
## [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
## [3] /usr/lib/R/site-library
## [4] /usr/lib/R/library
## 
##  V ── Loaded and on-disk version mismatch.
##  P ── Loaded and on-disk path mismatch.