Question 9
m <- matrix(c(1,3,4,2,3,6,3,1,8),3,3)
i <- diag(c(1,1,1))
a <- cbind(m,i)
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 2 3 1 0 0
## [2,] 3 3 1 0 1 0
## [3,] 4 6 8 0 0 1
#Row Reduction
#Pivot Operation: -3R1 + R2 -> R2
a[2,] <- -3*a[1,]+a[2,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 2 3 1 0 0
## [2,] 0 -3 -8 -3 1 0
## [3,] 4 6 8 0 0 1
#Pivot Operation: -4R1 + R3 -> R3
a[3,] <- -4*a[1,]+a[3,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 2 3 1 0 0
## [2,] 0 -3 -8 -3 1 0
## [3,] 0 -2 -4 -4 0 1
#Pivot Operation: R3 + R1 -> R1
a[1,] <- a[3,]+a[1,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 0 -1 -3 0 1
## [2,] 0 -3 -8 -3 1 0
## [3,] 0 -2 -4 -4 0 1
#Pivot Operation: -2R3 + R2 -> R2
a[2,] <- -2*a[3,]+a[2,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 0 -1 -3 0 1
## [2,] 0 1 0 5 1 -2
## [3,] 0 -2 -4 -4 0 1
#Scale Operation: -(1/4)R3 -> R3
a[3,] <- (-1/4)*a[3,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 0.0 -1 -3 0 1.00
## [2,] 0 1.0 0 5 1 -2.00
## [3,] 0 0.5 1 1 0 -0.25
#Pivot Operation: (-1/2)R2 + R3 -> R3
a[3,] <- (-1/2)*a[2,]+a[3,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 0 -1 -3.0 0.0 1.00
## [2,] 0 1 0 5.0 1.0 -2.00
## [3,] 0 0 1 -1.5 -0.5 0.75
#Pivot Operation: R3 + R1 -> R1
a[1,] <- a[3,]+a[1,]
a
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 0 0 -4.5 -0.5 1.75
## [2,] 0 1 0 5.0 1.0 -2.00
## [3,] 0 0 1 -1.5 -0.5 0.75
#Inverse of Matrix m
a[,4:6]
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] -4.5 -0.5 1.75
## [2,] 5.0 1.0 -2.00
## [3,] -1.5 -0.5 0.75
Question 11
U <- m
m
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 2 3
## [2,] 3 3 1
## [3,] 4 6 8
#Determine Upper Matrix
#Pivot Operation: 3R1-R2 -> R2
U[2,] = 3*U[1,]-U[2,]
L21 = -3
#Pivot Operation: 4R1 - R3 -> R3
U[3,] = 4*U[1,]-U[3,]
L31 = -4
#Pivot Operation: (2/3)*R2 - R3 -> R3
U[3,] = (2/3)*U[2,] - U[3,]
L32 = -2/3
U #Upper Matrix U
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 2 3.000000
## [2,] 0 3 8.000000
## [3,] 0 0 1.333333
L <- matrix(c(1,L21,L31,0,1,L32,0,0,1),3,3)
L # Lower Matrix L
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 0.0000000 0
## [2,] -3 1.0000000 0
## [3,] -4 -0.6666667 1