Examining within-grade equivalency

NOTE: These results are PRELIMINARY. Please DO NOT CITE or DISTRIBUTE without author’s permission.

A set of graphs and tables in each tab below shows comparisons of grade-level means for a chosen text-feature variable. For each outcome variable at a particular grade level, the following three comparisons were performed:

Because the number of assessment texts tended to be small(it ranged from 6 to 12), both parametric and non-parametric tests were performed for the mean comparisons.

Fig 1. showss the mean progression from k through grade 3. Hinges indicate standard errors. Fig 2. shows the distribution of text-feature scores, along with the results from the three pair-wise comparisons of means (small numbers at the top indicate p-values). At this point, adjustment for multiple-comparisons has’t been applied.

Overall Complexity

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Overall Complexity (Lexile)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 79.50 41.68 19.00 124.00 6 126.47 95.55 -68.00 369.00 36
K LLI 97.33 66.54 15.00 176.00 6 124.50 86.31 -38.00 312.00 36
G1.1 A-Z 262.67 68.92 165.00 342.00 6 337.67 80.97 152.00 484.00 36
G1.1 LLI 278.00 48.55 200.00 328.00 6 302.33 57.10 205.00 432.00 36
G1.2 A-Z 464.50 45.51 421.00 543.00 6 474.75 60.87 293.00 614.00 36
G1.2 LLI 432.33 47.67 352.00 480.00 6 413.11 75.04 227.00 567.00 36
G2 A-Z 533.92 116.31 392.00 751.00 12 542.47 48.90 435.00 671.00 36
G2 LLI 502.50 17.46 486.00 539.00 10 508.50 95.80 395.00 993.00 36
G3 A-Z 616.67 96.58 503.00 751.00 12 624.06 64.87 515.00 750.00 36
G3 LLI 600.00 36.13 556.00 648.00 8 584.22 89.64 414.00 778.00 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Overall Complexity (Lexile)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0611214 ns
K lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5924604 ns
K lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4022368 ns
G1.1 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0449038
G1.1 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6664975 ns
G1.1 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3025854 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6407218 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2595097 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4258928 ns
G2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8084988 ns
G2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.3746532 ns
G2 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7242710 ns
G3 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8083172 ns
G3 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5947746 ns
G3 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4287808 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Overall Complexity (Lexile)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0812202 ns
K lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6878846 ns
K lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5292829 ns
G1.1 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0441103
G1.1 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.9372294 ns
G1.1 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4395657 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5175662 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4848485 ns
G1.2 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6402487 ns
G2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4113133 ns
G2 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2484011 ns
G2 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.8730371 ns
G3 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7120848 ns
G3 lexile2016_er A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.9101056 ns
G3 lexile2016_er LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5803139 ns

Decoding Demand

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Decoding Demand (percentile)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 27.50 20.39 2.00 56.00 6 51.67 25.12 4.00 98.00 36
K LLI 19.83 12.29 6.00 37.00 6 23.22 18.47 2.00 76.00 36
G1.1 A-Z 42.17 27.56 15.00 87.00 6 56.56 21.91 11.00 99.00 36
G1.1 LLI 34.83 15.25 18.00 63.00 6 31.08 14.48 9.00 71.00 36
G1.2 A-Z 63.50 10.01 53.00 81.00 6 62.14 13.16 34.00 87.00 36
G1.2 LLI 48.67 11.02 29.00 60.00 6 38.11 15.42 4.00 68.00 36
G2 A-Z 67.58 13.94 43.00 89.00 12 69.44 11.81 44.00 91.00 36
G2 LLI 58.90 11.41 40.00 74.00 10 55.94 15.27 35.00 85.00 36
G3 A-Z 83.67 5.91 76.00 92.00 12 79.72 10.25 59.00 97.00 36
G3 LLI 78.38 7.95 68.00 90.00 8 68.92 12.37 37.00 88.00 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Decoding Demand (percentile)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0327089
K decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4524356 ns
K decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5784010 ns
G1.1 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.2687551 ns
G1.1 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5844954 ns
G1.1 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5929401 ns
G1.2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7765504 ns
G1.2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0350616
G1.2 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0733165 ns
G2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6832179 ns
G2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1238305 ns
G2 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5111983 ns
G3 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1117337 ns
G3 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1332431 ns
G3 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0155265
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Decoding Demand (percentile)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0459649
K decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6991342 ns
K decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.8998217 ns
G1.1 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1892268 ns
G1.1 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 1.0000000 ns
G1.1 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4943292 ns
G1.2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8855890 ns
G1.2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0370407
G1.2 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0979833 ns
G2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7030697 ns
G2 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1132267 ns
G2 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4086740 ns
G3 decoding_d A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.3281417 ns
G3 decoding_d A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1745167 ns
G3 decoding_d LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0529433 ns

Syllable-ct

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Syllable Count (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 1.21 0.14 1.00 1.39 6 1.40 0.21 1.00 1.85 36
K LLI 1.13 0.15 1.00 1.39 6 1.17 0.13 1.00 1.51 36
G1.1 A-Z 1.43 0.21 1.18 1.72 6 1.46 0.19 1.15 2.09 36
G1.1 LLI 1.27 0.12 1.08 1.40 6 1.26 0.09 1.10 1.44 36
G1.2 A-Z 1.50 0.06 1.44 1.57 6 1.48 0.10 1.30 1.69 36
G1.2 LLI 1.40 0.08 1.30 1.50 6 1.32 0.10 1.10 1.54 36
G2 A-Z 1.50 0.11 1.27 1.62 12 1.53 0.09 1.40 1.75 36
G2 LLI 1.46 0.09 1.38 1.64 10 1.43 0.10 1.26 1.68 36
G3 A-Z 1.64 0.08 1.52 1.78 12 1.62 0.10 1.42 1.87 36
G3 LLI 1.64 0.07 1.54 1.78 8 1.53 0.09 1.32 1.68 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Syllable Count (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0209442
K syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.3695481 ns
K syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5990945 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7504586 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1491506 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.8951519 ns
G1.2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5892398 ns
G1.2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0247856
G1.2 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0582488 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4696169 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.3074574 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3883300 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6307786 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.9561845 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0034601 **
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Syllable Count (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0282658
K syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2606581 ns
K syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4710232 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7128217 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2402597 ns
G1.1 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.8432787 ns
G1.2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7128217 ns
G1.2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0411255
G1.2 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0687516 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7156939 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1801944 ns
G2 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.2856597 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5486291 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.9384798 ns
G3 syllable_ct_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0073728 **

AOA

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Age of Acquisition (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 3.21 0.27 2.79 3.45 6 3.53 0.43 2.80 4.97 36
K LLI 2.76 0.20 2.52 3.01 6 3.07 0.29 2.52 3.61 36
G1.1 A-Z 3.68 0.36 3.27 4.14 6 3.72 0.31 2.83 4.28 36
G1.1 LLI 3.13 0.11 3.00 3.27 6 3.23 0.20 2.85 3.62 36
G1.2 A-Z 3.87 0.35 3.41 4.25 6 3.80 0.21 3.35 4.30 36
G1.2 LLI 3.49 0.10 3.39 3.65 6 3.59 0.23 3.04 4.04 36
G2 A-Z 3.96 0.20 3.57 4.20 12 4.01 0.27 3.40 4.59 36
G2 LLI 3.78 0.14 3.61 3.99 10 3.76 0.21 3.34 4.22 36
G3 A-Z 4.27 0.27 3.88 4.76 12 4.25 0.20 3.81 4.61 36
G3 LLI 4.06 0.22 3.81 4.37 8 4.12 0.30 3.64 4.79 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Age of Acquisition (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0333688
K aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0089614 **
K aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0104825
G1.1 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7952488 ns
G1.1 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0115732
G1.1 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0779712 ns
G1.2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6631288 ns
G1.2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0459537
G1.2 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1035969 ns
G2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5402425 ns
G2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0228640
G2 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6050748 ns
G3 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8641189 ns
G3 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0796065 ns
G3 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5734687 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Age of Acquisition (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0482845
K aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0151515
K aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0156232
G1.1 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6358113 ns
G1.1 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0043290 **
G1.1 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1895139 ns
G1.2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4833396 ns
G1.2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0930736 ns
G1.2 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3141703 ns
G2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7333322 ns
G2 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0348055
G2 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6651728 ns
G3 aoa_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 1.0000000 ns
G3 aoa_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1152655 ns
G3 aoa_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7036661 ns

Abstract

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Word Abstractness (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 3.19 0.44 2.81 3.99 6 3.36 0.46 2.49 4.63 36
K LLI 2.92 0.35 2.36 3.28 6 3.07 0.44 2.42 4.24 36
G1.1 A-Z 3.25 0.47 2.66 3.81 6 3.69 0.25 3.19 4.13 36
G1.1 LLI 3.74 0.27 3.31 4.13 6 3.69 0.31 2.92 4.18 36
G1.2 A-Z 3.91 0.23 3.73 4.36 6 3.84 0.26 3.39 4.45 36
G1.2 LLI 3.79 0.27 3.34 4.02 6 3.79 0.26 3.29 4.24 36
G2 A-Z 4.00 0.23 3.53 4.43 12 3.92 0.16 3.53 4.32 36
G2 LLI 3.93 0.24 3.55 4.31 10 3.94 0.22 3.53 4.59 36
G3 A-Z 3.97 0.19 3.73 4.29 12 3.99 0.13 3.68 4.29 36
G3 LLI 4.03 0.24 3.66 4.36 8 4.04 0.18 3.69 4.38 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Word Abstractness (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4037488 ns
K abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2730377 ns
K abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3697749 ns
G1.1 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0736064 ns
G1.1 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0601069 ns
G1.1 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6786567 ns
G1.2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5260577 ns
G1.2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4439681 ns
G1.2 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9947496 ns
G2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.2554106 ns
G2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4817304 ns
G2 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9433149 ns
G3 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6589950 ns
G3 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5707646 ns
G3 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.8508288 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Word Abstractness (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.3317539 ns
K abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5887446 ns
K abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5411485 ns
G1.1 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0298064
G1.1 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0649351 ns
G1.1 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7058541 ns
G1.2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.3880063 ns
G1.2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.9372294 ns
G1.2 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9581111 ns
G2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1447454 ns
G2 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.3556663 ns
G2 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9257328 ns
G3 abstract_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4029725 ns
G3 abstract_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4726681 ns
G3 abstract_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9643116 ns

Rareness

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for Word Rareness (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 1.34 0.26 1.10 1.80 6 1.34 0.36 0.81 2.36 36
K LLI 0.98 0.16 0.77 1.17 6 1.10 0.28 0.69 2.17 36
G1.1 A-Z 1.32 0.29 1.03 1.79 6 1.22 0.14 1.00 1.59 36
G1.1 LLI 0.98 0.10 0.86 1.15 6 1.02 0.11 0.79 1.29 36
G1.2 A-Z 1.27 0.12 1.15 1.46 6 1.29 0.15 0.97 1.55 36
G1.2 LLI 1.20 0.06 1.13 1.30 6 1.15 0.12 0.84 1.42 36
G2 A-Z 1.10 0.10 0.92 1.32 12 1.42 0.12 1.16 1.79 36
G2 LLI 1.29 0.12 1.10 1.44 10 1.21 0.12 1.02 1.50 36
G3 A-Z 1.23 0.09 1.05 1.44 12 1.55 0.08 1.36 1.72 36
G3 LLI 1.34 0.15 1.12 1.57 8 1.31 0.13 1.06 1.58 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for Word Rareness (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.9816653 ns
K word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0190195
K word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1559229 ns
G1.1 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4344743 ns
G1.1 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0332396
G1.1 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3494959 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7080559 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2773677 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1498884 ns
G2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0000000 ****
G2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0008401 ***
G2 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0889696 ns
G3 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0000000 ****
G3 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1023824 ns
G3 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6217547 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for Word Rareness (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.7927323 ns
K word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0259740
K word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3056214 ns
G1.1 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8472366 ns
G1.1 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0086580 **
G1.1 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.2971948 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6358113 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.3095238 ns
G1.2 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1947838 ns
G2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0000000 ****
G2 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0015186 **
G2 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0622880 ns
G3 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0000000 ****
G3 word_rare_r A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0314202
G3 word_rare_r LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6433732 ns

MLWF

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for MLWF (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 3.59 0.37 2.87 3.95 6 3.44 0.38 2.70 4.21 36
K LLI 3.92 0.21 3.70 4.25 6 3.74 0.24 2.83 4.06 36
G1.1 A-Z 3.57 0.11 3.38 3.67 6 3.47 0.21 2.86 3.87 36
G1.1 LLI 3.71 0.11 3.57 3.85 6 3.67 0.15 3.33 4.08 36
G1.2 A-Z 3.62 0.09 3.51 3.74 6 3.53 0.15 3.16 3.80 36
G1.2 LLI 3.64 0.12 3.45 3.77 6 3.63 0.15 3.38 3.95 36
G2 A-Z 3.58 0.20 3.27 3.85 12 3.56 0.13 3.25 3.77 36
G2 LLI 3.65 0.09 3.56 3.80 10 3.66 0.12 3.37 3.90 36
G3 A-Z 3.49 0.14 3.16 3.66 12 3.56 0.12 3.29 3.74 36
G3 LLI 3.57 0.13 3.38 3.73 8 3.57 0.18 3.23 3.84 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for MLWF (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.3976283 ns
K MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0920735 ns
K MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.0945616 ns
G1.1 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1045348 ns
G1.1 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0536543 ns
G1.1 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4454113 ns
G1.2 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.0662687 ns
G1.2 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.7058434 ns
G1.2 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7691294 ns
G2 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8496150 ns
G2 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2698036 ns
G2 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7129424 ns
G3 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1306828 ns
G3 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1783590 ns
G3 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9073919 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for MLWF (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.2649882 ns
K MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.0542411 ns
K MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.1177387 ns
G1.1 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1715415 ns
G1.1 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1080741 ns
G1.1 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.5409189 ns
G1.2 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1661284 ns
G1.2 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6303555 ns
G1.2 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7735006 ns
G2 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.8581485 ns
G2 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5525484 ns
G2 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6219938 ns
G3 MLWF A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1129343 ns
G3 MLWF A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1420795 ns
G3 MLWF LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 1.0000000 ns

MSL

Table 1. Descriptive Statistis for MSL (raw score)
grade program M_as SD_as Min_as Max_as n_as M_in SD_in Min_in Max_in n_in
K A-Z 5.78 0.90 4.25 6.88 6 5.04 1.15 2.05 7.50 36
K LLI 5.91 1.04 4.28 7.00 6 5.40 1.10 2.29 7.63 36
G1.1 A-Z 6.89 1.65 5.00 9.42 6 6.49 1.39 4.11 9.65 36
G1.1 LLI 6.36 0.84 5.61 7.65 6 6.04 0.79 4.56 8.53 36
G1.2 A-Z 7.48 1.24 5.77 9.42 6 7.90 1.32 5.84 11.89 36
G1.2 LLI 7.00 0.79 5.76 8.08 6 6.70 1.05 4.81 9.22 36
G2 A-Z 9.29 1.86 6.83 13.75 12 9.04 1.38 6.13 12.13 36
G2 LLI 8.33 1.31 6.65 9.96 10 8.17 1.38 5.32 10.50 36
G3 A-Z 9.67 2.11 6.79 12.75 12 10.66 1.56 7.25 13.57 36
G3 LLI 10.03 1.82 7.63 12.47 8 9.71 2.33 4.63 13.63 36
Table 2. Mean Comparison Results (by T-tests) for MSL (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1094819 ns
K MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.8261824 ns
K MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3105343 ns
G1.1 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5972655 ns
G1.1 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5021693 ns
G1.1 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4229522 ns
G1.2 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4692572 ns
G1.2 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4455370 ns
G1.2 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4445714 ns
G2 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.6768174 ns
G2 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.1714664 ns
G2 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7479582 ns
G3 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1542120 ns
G3 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6921361 ns
G3 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.6812847 ns
Table 3. Mean Comparison Results (by Wilcox tests) for MSL (raw score)
gr-band measure group1 group2 p-value signif
K MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1135919 ns
K MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6878846 ns
K MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3141063 ns
G1.1 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.4930662 ns
G1.1 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.5887446 ns
G1.1 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.4083020 ns
G1.2 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.5175662 ns
G1.2 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.4848485 ns
G1.2 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.3784771 ns
G2 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.9810035 ns
G2 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.2479999 ns
G2 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.9469144 ns
G3 MSL A-Z-Assess A-Z-Instr 0.1732665 ns
G3 MSL A-Z-Assess LLI-Assess 0.6784314 ns
G3 MSL LLI-Assess LLI-Instr 0.7313780 ns