Lab 2 Instruction
Overview
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Climate change and science has been an issue for discussion and debate for at least the last decade. Climate data collection is currently being collected for areas all over the world. Policy decisions are based on the most recent analysis conducted on data extracted from huge online repositories of this data. Due to the inherent growth in the electronic production and storage of information, there is often a feeling of “information overload” or inundation when facing the process of quantitative decision making. As an analyst your job will often be to explore large data sets and develop questions or ideas from visualizations of those data sets.
The ability to synthesize large data sets using visualizations is a skill that all data scientists should have. In addition to this data scientists are called upon to present data syntheses and develop questions or ideas based on their data exploration. This lab should take you through the major steps in data exploration and presentation.
Objective
The objective of this laboratory is to survey the available data, plan, design, and create an information dashboard/presentation that not only explores the data but helps you develop questions based on that data exploration. To accomplish this task you will have to complete a number of steps:
- Identify what information interests you about climate change.
- Find, collect, organize, and summarize the data necessary to create your data exploration plan.
- Design and create the most appropriate visualizations (no less than 5 visualizations) to explore the data and present that information.
- Finally organize the layout of those visualizations into a dashboard (use the flexdashboard package) in a way that shows your path of data exploration.
- Develop four questions or ideas about climate change from your visualizations.
Dates & Deliverables
You are responsible for submitting a link to your dashboard hosted on the Rpubs site. The dashboard must include the source_code = embed parameter.
The due date for this project is XX at the start of class. This assignment is worth 75 points, 3x a normal homework, the additional time should allow you to spend the neccessary effort on this assignment.
You are welcome to work in groups of ≤2 people. However, each person in a group must submit their own link to the assignment on moodle for grading! Each team member can submit the same link to a single rpubs account, however it may be a good idea for each of you to post your own copy to rpubs in case you want to share it to prospective employers ect.
Methods Help
There are lots of places we can get climate data to answer your questions. The simplest would be to go to NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/). There are all kinds of data here (regional, global, marine). Also, on the front page of the NOAA website there are also other websites that have climate data, such as: (https://www.climate.gov/), (https://www.weather.gov/), (https://www.drought.gov/drought/), and (https://www.globalchange.gov/). Obviously, you don’t have to use all of them but it might be helpful to browse them to get ideas for the development of your questions.
Alternatively, and more professionally, there are tons of packages that allow you to access data from R. See here for a great primer on accessing NOAA data with ‘R’. It is also a good introduction to API keys and their use.
Information Interested
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Questions
- Is there a trend to the temperatures in the United States?
- Is there a significant relationship between the extreme temperature in the U.S.and global temperature rise?
Introduction
Introduction part
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With the rapid development of human high-tech, the side effects of science are gradually reflected, global warming in an increasingly growing concern in today’s society. When we watch the press, listen to the radio and read articles, we always can see the word “global warming”, but what are the causes of global warming? We believe climate change and extreme weather are the most influential reason to cause global warming. Today, in order to understand the relationship between those factors, we are going to analyze the effect of extreme temperatures.
Simple Observatoin 1
In this section, we will observe some of the basic temperature and climate data from past years and find a trend within them.
Surface Temperature
As we can see from the graph, the mean temperature index starts increasing since the year of 1940. In 1940, we received the first peak point which is already above the 0. Start that moment, the government realized the temperature starts changing and the world also changing. Since the year of 1970, our temperature starts increasing sharply without any notice. Based on the historical data, we believe the mean temperature changs will keep increasing if we do nothing to fix this issue and to save our world.
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Time Series:
Start = 1880
End = 2015
Frequency = 1
Series 1
[1,] -0.40963140
[2,] -0.50887701
[3,] -0.60812262
[4,] -0.74045010
[5,] -0.83969572
[6,] -0.90585946
[7,] -0.93894133
[8,] -0.93894133
[9,] -0.93894133
[10,] -0.90585946
[11,] -0.90585946
[12,] -0.90585946
[13,] -0.93894133
[14,] -0.90585946
[15,] -0.83969572
[16,] -0.80661385
[17,] -0.74045010
[18,] -0.67428636
[19,] -0.64120449
[20,] -0.64120449
[21,] -0.74045010
[22,] -0.87277759
[23,] -0.93894133
[24,] -1.03818694
[25,] -1.13743255
[26,] -1.20359629
[27,] -1.26976003
[28,] -1.30284190
[29,] -1.33592377
[30,] -1.40208752
[31,] -1.40208752
[32,] -1.33592377
[33,] -1.20359629
[34,] -1.10435068
[35,] -1.03818694
[36,] -1.00510507
[37,] -0.97202320
[38,] -0.97202320
[39,] -0.97202320
[40,] -0.97202320
[41,] -0.90585946
[42,] -0.87277759
[43,] -0.80661385
[44,] -0.77353197
[45,] -0.74045010
[46,] -0.70736823
[47,] -0.70736823
[48,] -0.67428636
[49,] -0.64120449
[50,] -0.64120449
[51,] -0.67428636
[52,] -0.64120449
[53,] -0.64120449
[54,] -0.60812262
[55,] -0.57504075
[56,] -0.54195888
[57,] -0.44271327
[58,] -0.31038579
[59,] -0.14497643
[60,] -0.01264895
[61,] 0.11967853
[62,] 0.21892414
[63,] 0.25200601
[64,] 0.25200601
[65,] 0.18584227
[66,] 0.08659666
[67,] -0.04573082
[68,] -0.17805830
[69,] -0.27730392
[70,] -0.31038579
[71,] -0.27730392
[72,] -0.27730392
[73,] -0.27730392
[74,] -0.31038579
[75,] -0.27730392
[76,] -0.24422204
[77,] -0.21114017
[78,] -0.17805830
[79,] -0.07881269
[80,] -0.01264895
[81,] 0.05351479
[82,] 0.02043292
[83,] -0.04573082
[84,] -0.11189456
[85,] -0.14497643
[86,] -0.17805830
[87,] -0.21114017
[88,] -0.17805830
[89,] -0.14497643
[90,] -0.07881269
[91,] -0.04573082
[92,] -0.04573082
[93,] -0.04573082
[94,] -0.07881269
[95,] -0.04573082
[96,] 0.02043292
[97,] 0.08659666
[98,] 0.18584227
[99,] 0.35125163
[100,] 0.48357911
[101,] 0.61590659
[102,] 0.64898846
[103,] 0.68207033
[104,] 0.64898846
[105,] 0.64898846
[106,] 0.71515220
[107,] 0.78131594
[108,] 0.88056156
[109,] 0.97980717
[110,] 1.07905278
[111,] 1.07905278
[112,] 1.04597091
[113,] 1.04597091
[114,] 1.04597091
[115,] 1.07905278
[116,] 1.17829839
[117,] 1.31062587
[118,] 1.37678962
[119,] 1.44295336
[120,] 1.54219897
[121,] 1.60836271
[122,] 1.67452645
[123,] 1.74069019
[124,] 1.83993580
[125,] 1.93918142
[126,] 1.93918142
[127,] 1.97226329
[128,] 1.97226329
[129,] 2.00534516
[130,] 1.97226329
[131,] 2.00534516
[132,] 2.03842703
[133,] 2.13767264
[134,] 2.30308199
[135,] 2.43540947
[136,] 2.60081883
attr(,"scaled:center")
[1] 0.01382353
attr(,"scaled:scale")
[1] 0.3022804
Simple Observatoin 2
Carbon Dioxide Emission
According to the latest World Bank report, global carbon dioxide emissions rose by 15% in the 10 years from 1992 to 2002, exceeding 24 billion tons. Energy consumption in economic activities accounts for 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Combustion of fossil fuels and incineration of waste are responsible for the release of carbon diazoxide.
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Max temp
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According to the bar chart included 51 states of USA, California is seen to have the highest temperature records and Arizona being the second high-temperature state. New York has a subtropical humid climate. It is also the northernmost city in North America. The suburban area of Northwest China is located in the transition zone between subtropical humid climate and temperate continental humid climate. The highest temperature is seen to be around 134 ℉ in California and 128 ℉ in Ariona.
U.S. Max Temp in 2018
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Min temp
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.
With in 51 states in USA, comparing the minimum temperature in 2018, we could like to say the Alaska has the lowest temperatures around -80℉ and montana is the second lower-temperature state with a record around -70℉.
U.S. Min Temp in 2018
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Global Tem
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.
Global temperature anomalies are kept increasing especially since last decade, which also proves that climate changes are real and severe.
Global Temp Anomalies
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Conclusion
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conclusion
Is there a trend to the temperatures in the United States? Yes, according to the graphs we got, it seems like the temperature increasing sharply.
Is there a significant relationship between the extreme temperature in the U.S.and global temperature rise? Of course, extremely temperature is the signal telling us global temperature rise is a serious problem we have to face and to solve it right now. The index is almost all positive indicating that the temperatures being observed are higher than the average temperatures in recent years.