2 Special Part

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Objectives

2.2 Methods

http://rpubs.com/alex_istrate/501973

2.2.1 Statistical analysis of the data

Pentru descrierea variabilelor cantitative am folosit histograme și am calculat mediile aritmetice ± deviația standard (DS) [cu intervalul de încredere (IC) 95%], precum și valorile extreme și mediane. Pentru variabilele calitative, am folosit pie-uri sau bar-chart-uri și am calculat frecvențele absolute și relative ale categoriilor formate.

Pentru a studia relațiile dintre variabilele cantitative și cele calitative, am folosit testele T și Mann-Whitney (MW) dacă acestea au fost binare, respectiv ANOVA dacă acestea au avut mai multe categorii. Am prezentat valorile p generate de aceste teste precum și mediile ± DS ale grupurilor și diferența mediilor cu IC95% asociat. Am prezentat grafic rezultatele sub forma unor box-plot-uri. Pentru a studia relațiile dintre variabilele cantitative am folosit coeficientul de corelație Spearman (R), cu valoarea p asociata și am prezentat grafic relațiile sub forma unor scatter-plot-uri pe care am adăugat linia de regresie cu IC95%. Pentru a descrie relațiile dintre variabilele calitative am folosit testul Chi2 sau Fisher și indicatorii Cramer phi sau V și Odds-Ratio (OR) / Risc relativ (RR) cu IC95%. Am prezentat grafic rezultatele sub forma unor bar-chart-uri.

Am folosit Microsot Excel 2016 pentru managementul bazei de date. Pentru toate analizele statistice și graficele ulterioare am folosit R 3.6.0 [1]. Am considerat p < 0.05 ca fiind semnificativ statistic și p < 0.1 ca prezentând doar o tendință spre semnificativitate statistică.

2.3 Results

2.3.1 vs Sex

2.3.2 All vs. Sex

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. În cazul femeilor (N=6, 20.0%) a avut valori între 38 și 73 ani (mediana: 46) cu o medie de 49.33 ±12.2 ani. În cazul bărbaților (N=24, 80.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 51.67 ±15.6 ani. Această diferență de 2.33 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.737) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 1: Summary table of all variables by Sex.

Factor	Levels	Total	F	M	Statistics
Sex		30	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	49.33 ±12.2	51.67 ±15.6	T-test: p=0.737
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	46 (38:73)	55 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.737
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	5 (83.3%)	20 (83.3%)	RR=1.00 [0.75, 1.34] (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (16.7%)	14 (58.3%)	RR=0.29 [0.07, 1.19] (p=0.169)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (16.7%)	1 (4.2%)	RR=4.00 [0.50, 31.98] (p=0.366)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	2 (33.3%)	8 (33.3%)	RR=1.00 [0.34, 2.97] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	1 (25.0%)	3 (17.6%)	V=0.39 (p=0.205)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (47.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	3 (75.0%)	6 (35.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	5 (83.3%)	16 (66.7%)	RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80] (p=0.637)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	1 (16.7%)	8 (33.3%)	RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80] (p=0.637)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	4 (66.7%)	21 (87.5%)	V=0.40 (p=0.184)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (4.2%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (16.7%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	1 (16.7%)	2 (8.3%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	2 (33.3%)	3 (12.5%)	RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33] (p=0.254)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	4 (66.7%)	21 (87.5%)	RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33] (p=0.254)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)	4 (16.7%)	V=0.14 (p=0.907)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.3%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)	4 (16.7%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	4 (66.7%)	14 (58.3%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	2 (33.3%)	2 (8.3%)	RR=4.00 [0.89, 18.06] (p=0.169)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.3 All vs. Smoking

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Tabac: yes (N=25, 83.3%) a avut valori între 33 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 54.16 ±13.0 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Tabac: no (N=5, 16.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 63 ani (mediana: 29) cu o medie de 36.40 ±15.7 ani. Această diferență de 17.8 ani a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.012) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 2: Summary table of all variables by Smoking.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Smoking		30	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	54.16 ±13.0	36.40 ±15.7	T-test: p=0.012
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	55 (33:87)	29 (24:63)	T-test: p=0.012
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	5 (20.0%)	1 (20.0%)	RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61] (p=1.000)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	20 (80.0%)	4 (80.0%)	RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61] (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	14 (56.0%)	1 (20.0%)	RR=2.80 [0.70, 11.13] (p=0.330)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0	RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	10 (40.0%)	0	RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=0.140)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	4 (23.5%)	0	V=0.24 (p=0.553)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	6 (35.3%)	2 (50.0%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	7 (41.2%)	2 (50.0%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	16 (64.0%)	5 (100.0%)	RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	9 (36.0%)	0	RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	22 (88.0%)	3 (60.0%)	V=0.45 (p=0.103)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (20.0%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.0%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	2 (8.0%)	1 (20.0%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	3 (12.0%)	2 (40.0%)	RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11] (p=0.183)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	22 (88.0%)	3 (60.0%)	RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11] (p=0.183)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	4 (16.0%)	1 (20.0%)	V=0.25 (p=0.606)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	5 (20.0%)	0
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	14 (56.0%)	4 (80.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	3 (12.0%)	1 (20.0%)	RR=0.60 [0.11, 3.14] (p=0.538)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.4 All vs. Alcohol

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Alcool: yes (N=15, 50.0%) a avut valori între 45 și 87 ani (mediana: 57) cu o medie de 60.33 ±10.3 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Alcool: no (N=15, 50.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 73 ani (mediana: 40) cu o medie de 42.07 ±13.0 ani. Această diferență de 18.3 ani a fost semnificativă statistic (p<0.001) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 3: Summary table of all variables by Alcohol.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Alcohol		30	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	60.33 ±10.3	42.07 ±13.0	T-test: p<0.001
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	57 (45:87)	40 (24:73)	T-test: p<0.001
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	1 (6.7%)	5 (33.3%)	RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05] (p=0.169)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	14 (93.3%)	10 (66.7%)	RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05] (p=0.169)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	14 (93.3%)	11 (73.3%)	RR=1.27 [0.95, 1.71] (p=0.330)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	RR=1.00 [0.12, 8.56] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	7 (46.7%)	3 (20.0%)	RR=2.33 [0.82, 6.65] (p=0.245)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	2 (20.0%)	2 (18.2%)	V=0.38 (p=0.228)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	2 (20.0%)	6 (54.5%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	6 (60.0%)	3 (27.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	13 (86.7%)	8 (53.3%)	RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61] (p=0.109)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	2 (13.3%)	7 (46.7%)	RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61] (p=0.109)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	12 (80.0%)	13 (86.7%)	V=0.28 (p=0.499)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (6.7%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (6.7%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	1 (6.7%)	2 (13.3%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	3 (20.0%)	2 (13.3%)	RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	12 (80.0%)	13 (86.7%)	RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	2 (13.3%)	3 (20.0%)	V=0.49 (p=0.066)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (33.3%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	12 (80.0%)	6 (40.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (6.7%)	3 (20.0%)	RR=0.33 [0.06, 1.96] (p=0.598)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.5 All vs. Diabetes

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Diabète: yes (N=2, 6.7%) a avut valori între 47 și 87 ani (mediana: 67) cu o medie de 67.00 ±28.3 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Diabète: no (N=28, 93.3%) a avut valori între 24 și 77 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 50.07 ±13.7 ani. Această diferență de 16.9 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.120) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 4: Summary table of all variables by Diabetes.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Diabetes		30	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	67.00 ±28.3	50.07 ±13.7	T-test: p=0.120
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	67 (47:87)	53.5 (24:77)	T-test: p=0.120
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	1 (50.0%)	5 (17.9%)	RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38] (p=0.366)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	1 (50.0%)	23 (82.1%)	RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38] (p=0.366)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	RR=1.22 (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (50.0%)	14 (50.0%)	RR=1.00 [0.42, 2.40] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	1 (50.0%)	9 (32.1%)	RR=1.56 [0.60, 4.03] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (21.1%)	V=0.37 (p=0.229)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (42.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	2 (100.0%)	7 (36.8%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	2 (100.0%)	19 (67.9%)	RR=1.47 (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	0	9 (32.1%)	RR=1.47 (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	V=0.12 (p=0.934)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.6%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.6%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (10.7%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)	RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)	V=0.22 (p=0.699)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (7.1%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	2 (100.0%)	16 (57.1%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (50.0%)	3 (10.7%)	RR=4.67 [1.32, 16.54] (p=0.253)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.6 All vs. Infection

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Infection: yes (N=10, 33.3%) a avut valori între 44 și 59 ani (mediana: 56) cu o medie de 53.80 ±5.03 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Infection: no (N=20, 66.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 47.5) cu o medie de 49.90 ±17.8 ani. Această diferență de 3.9 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.373) conform testului Welch (T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții diferite).

Table 5: Summary table of all variables by Infection.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Infection		30	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	53.80 ±5.03	49.90 ±17.8	Welch: p=0.373
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	56 (44:59)	47.5 (24:87)	Welch: p=0.373
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (20.0%)	4 (20.0%)	RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85] (p=1.000)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	8 (80.0%)	16 (80.0%)	RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85] (p=1.000)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	RR=1.33 [1.10, 1.62] (p=0.140)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	7 (70.0%)	8 (40.0%)	RR=1.75 [0.94, 3.26] (p=0.245)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (10.0%)	1 (5.0%)	RR=2.00 [0.24, 16.86] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	3 (33.3%)	1 (8.3%)	V=0.50 (p=0.071)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	1 (11.1%)	7 (58.3%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	5 (55.6%)	4 (33.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	6 (60.0%)	15 (75.0%)	RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34] (p=0.431)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	4 (40.0%)	5 (25.0%)	RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34] (p=0.431)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	V=0.32 (p=0.392)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (5.0%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (5.0%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (15.0%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (25.0%)	RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	1 (10.0%)	4 (20.0%)	V=0.16 (p=0.861)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	1 (10.0%)	1 (5.0%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	2 (20.0%)	3 (15.0%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	6 (60.0%)	12 (60.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (10.0%)	3 (15.0%)	RR=0.67 [0.12, 3.86] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.7 All vs. Fracture location

Table 6: Summary table of all variables by Fracture location.

Factor	Levels	Total	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	Statistics
Fracture location		21	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	61.25 ±7.85	40.88 ±13.1	53.67 ±16.2	1-way ANOVA: p=0.059
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	57.5 (57:73)	37.5 (24:61)	53 (28:87)	1-way ANOVA: p=0.059
Sex	F	4 (19.0%)	1 (25.0%)	0	3 (33.3%)	V=0.39 (p=0.205)
Sex	M	17 (81.0%)	3 (75.0%)	8 (100.0%)	6 (66.7%)	V=0.39 (p=0.205)
Smoking		17 (81.0%)	4 (100.0%)	6 (75.0%)	7 (77.8%)	V=0.24 (p=0.553)
Alcohol		10 (47.6%)	2 (50.0%)	2 (25.0%)	6 (66.7%)	V=0.38 (p=0.228)
Diabetes		2 (9.5%)	0	0	2 (22.2%)	V=0.37 (p=0.229)
Infection		9 (42.9%)	3 (75.0%)	1 (12.5%)	5 (55.6%)	V=0.50 (p=0.071)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	14 (66.7%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (50.0%)	8 (88.9%)	V=0.41 (p=0.174)
Type of fracture (1)	open	7 (33.3%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (50.0%)	1 (11.1%)	V=0.41 (p=0.174)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	18 (85.7%)	4 (100.0%)	8 (100.0%)	6 (66.7%)	V=0.33 (p=0.587)
	oblique	1 (4.8%)	0	0	1 (11.1%)
	transversalle	1 (4.8%)	0	0	1 (11.1%)
	transverse	1 (4.8%)	0	0	1 (11.1%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	3 (14.3%)	0	0	3 (33.3%)	V=0.47 (p=0.097)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	18 (85.7%)	4 (100.0%)	8 (100.0%)	6 (66.7%)	V=0.47 (p=0.097)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	3 (14.3%)	1 (25.0%)	1 (12.5%)	1 (11.1%)	V=0.28 (p=0.785)
	Fixateur externe	1 (4.8%)	0	1 (12.5%)	0
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	4 (19.0%)	1 (25.0%)	2 (25.0%)	1 (11.1%)
	Placa + suruburi	13 (61.9%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (50.0%)	7 (77.8%)
Complications		1 (4.8%)	0	0	1 (11.1%)	V=0.26 (p=0.497)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.8 All vs. Type of fracture (1)

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé: closed (N=21, 70.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 54.24 ±15.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé: open (N=9, 30.0%) a avut valori între 33 și 58 ani (mediana: 44) cu o medie de 44.11 ±9.73 ani. Această diferență de 10.1 ani a prezentat o tendință spre semnificație statistică (p=0.086) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 7: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (1).

Factor	Levels	Total	closed	open	Statistics
Type of fracture (1)		30	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	54.24 ±15.8	44.11 ±9.73	T-test: p=0.086
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	55 (24:87)	44 (33:58)	T-test: p=0.086
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	5 (23.8%)	1 (11.1%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15] (p=0.637)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	16 (76.2%)	8 (88.9%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15] (p=0.637)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18] (p=0.286)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	13 (61.9%)	2 (22.2%)	OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46] (p=0.109)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	2 (9.5%)	0	OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	6 (28.6%)	4 (44.4%)	OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53] (p=0.431)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	2 (14.3%)	2 (28.6%)	V=0.41 (p=0.174)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	4 (28.6%)	4 (57.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	8 (57.1%)	1 (14.3%)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	V=0.29 (p=0.463)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.8%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.8%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	3 (14.3%)	0
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	5 (23.8%)	0	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	3 (14.3%)	2 (22.2%)	V=0.90 (p<0.001)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (22.2%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (55.6%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	18 (85.7%)	0
Complications		4 (13.3%)	3 (14.3%)	1 (11.1%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.9 All vs. Type of fracture (2)

Table 8: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (2).

Factor	Levels	Total	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	Statistics
Type of fracture (2)		30	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	51.44 ±15.1	63.00 ±NA	45.00 ±NA	47.33 ±18.6	1-way ANOVA: p=0.814
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	54 (24:87)	63 (63:63)	45 (45:45)	49 (28:65)	1-way ANOVA: p=0.814
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	4 (16.0%)	0	1 (100.0%)	1 (33.3%)	V=0.40 (p=0.184)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	21 (84.0%)	1 (100.0%)	0	2 (66.7%)	V=0.40 (p=0.184)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	22 (88.0%)	0	1 (100.0%)	2 (66.7%)	V=0.45 (p=0.103)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	12 (48.0%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (33.3%)	V=0.28 (p=0.499)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0	0	0	V=0.12 (p=0.934)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	10 (40.0%)	0	0	0	V=0.32 (p=0.392)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	4 (22.2%)	0	0	0	V=0.33 (p=0.587)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	8 (44.4%)	0	0	0
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	6 (33.3%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	16 (64.0%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)	3 (100.0%)	V=0.29 (p=0.463)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	9 (36.0%)	0	0	0	V=0.29 (p=0.463)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)	3 (100.0%)	V=1.00 (p<0.001)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	25 (100.0%)	0	0	0	V=1.00 (p<0.001)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0	0	3 (100.0%)	V=0.44 (p=0.038)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0	0	0
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	5 (20.0%)	0	0	0
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	16 (64.0%)	1 (100.0%)	1 (100.0%)	0
Complications		4 (13.3%)	4 (16.0%)	0	0	0	V=0.18 (p=0.820)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.10 All vs. Type of fracture (3)

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture: simple (N=5, 16.7%) a avut valori între 28 și 65 ani (mediana: 49) cu o medie de 50.00 ±15.0 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture: multiple (N=25, 83.3%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 54) cu o medie de 51.44 ±15.1 ani. Această diferență de 1.44 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.847) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 9: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (3).

Factor	Levels	Total	simple	multiple	Statistics
Type of fracture (3)		30	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	50.00 ±15.0	51.44 ±15.1	T-test: p=0.847
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	49 (28:65)	54 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.847
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (40.0%)	4 (16.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14] (p=0.254)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	3 (60.0%)	21 (84.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14] (p=0.254)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	3 (60.0%)	22 (88.0%)	OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77] (p=0.183)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	3 (60.0%)	12 (48.0%)	OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46] (p=1.000)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.0%)	OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	0	10 (40.0%)	OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69] (p=0.140)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (22.2%)	V=0.47 (p=0.097)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (44.4%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	3 (100.0%)	6 (33.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	5 (100.0%)	16 (64.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	0	9 (36.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	0	25 (100.0%)	V=1.00 (p<0.001)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (20.0%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (20.0%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	3 (60.0%)	2 (8.0%)	V=0.53 (p=0.036)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.0%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (20.0%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	2 (40.0%)	16 (64.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	0	4 (16.0%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.11 All vs. Initial treatment

Table 10: Summary table of all variables by Initial treatment.

Factor	Levels	Total	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	Statistics
Initial treatment		30	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	46.40 ±15.7	48.50 ±3.54	42.00 ±9.92	55.39 ±15.6	1-way ANOVA: p=0.274
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	49 (28:65)	48.5 (46:51)	40 (33:58)	56 (24:87)	1-way ANOVA: p=0.274
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	1 (20.0%)	0	1 (20.0%)	4 (22.2%)	V=0.14 (p=0.907)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	4 (80.0%)	2 (100.0%)	4 (80.0%)	14 (77.8%)	V=0.14 (p=0.907)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	4 (80.0%)	2 (100.0%)	5 (100.0%)	14 (77.8%)	V=0.25 (p=0.606)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	2 (40.0%)	1 (50.0%)	0	12 (66.7%)	V=0.49 (p=0.066)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	0	0	0	2 (11.1%)	V=0.22 (p=0.699)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	1 (20.0%)	1 (50.0%)	2 (40.0%)	6 (33.3%)	V=0.16 (p=0.861)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	1 (33.3%)	0	1 (25.0%)	2 (15.4%)	V=0.28 (p=0.785)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	1 (33.3%)	1 (100.0%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (30.8%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	1 (33.3%)	0	1 (25.0%)	7 (53.8%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0	0	18 (100.0%)	V=0.90 (p<0.001)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	2 (40.0%)	2 (100.0%)	5 (100.0%)	0	V=0.90 (p<0.001)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	2 (40.0%)	2 (100.0%)	5 (100.0%)	16 (88.9%)	V=0.44 (p=0.038)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	0	0	1 (5.6%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	0	0	1 (5.6%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0	0	0
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	3 (60.0%)	0	0	2 (11.1%)	V=0.53 (p=0.036)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	2 (40.0%)	2 (100.0%)	5 (100.0%)	16 (88.9%)	V=0.53 (p=0.036)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	0	0	1 (20.0%)	3 (16.7%)	V=0.22 (p=0.696)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.12 All vs. Complications

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Complication: yes (N=4, 13.3%) a avut valori între 33 și 63 ani (mediana: 42.5) cu o medie de 45.25 ±13.2 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Complication: no (N=26, 86.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 54.5) cu o medie de 52.12 ±15.1 ani. Această diferență de 6.87 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.398) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 11: Summary table of all variables by Complications.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Complications		30	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)
Age (years)	Mean ±SD	51.20 ±14.8	45.25 ±13.2	52.12 ±15.1	T-test: p=0.398
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	42.5 (33:63)	54.5 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.398
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (15.4%)	OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19] (p=0.169)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	2 (50.0%)	22 (84.6%)	OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19] (p=0.169)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	3 (75.0%)	22 (84.6%)	OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65] (p=0.538)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (25.0%)	14 (53.8%)	OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12] (p=0.598)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (25.0%)	1 (3.8%)	OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67] (p=0.253)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	1 (25.0%)	9 (34.6%)	OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (20.0%)	V=0.26 (p=0.497)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (40.0%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	1 (100.0%)	8 (40.0%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	3 (75.0%)	18 (69.2%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	1 (25.0%)	8 (30.8%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	4 (100.0%)	21 (80.8%)	V=0.18 (p=0.820)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.8%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.8%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (11.5%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (19.2%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	4 (100.0%)	21 (80.8%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (19.2%)	V=0.22 (p=0.696)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (7.7%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	1 (25.0%)	4 (15.4%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	3 (75.0%)	15 (57.7%)
*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.13 Age (years)

Figure 1: Distrbuția varstei pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri. (| media, ¦ mediana).

Dintre cei 25 pacienți cu Tabac: yes (83.3%), 5 (20.0%) au avut Sexe: F față de 1 (20.0%) dintre cei 5 pacienți cu Tabac: no. Rezultă că pacienții cu Tabac: yes au un risc relativ de 1.000 [IC95% = 0.2 la 4.6 ] ori mai mic de a avea Sexe: F decât cei cu Tabac: no (phi=0.00, p=1.000 nesemnificativ statistic conform testului Chi²).

Table 12: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

vs. Tabac
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	5 (20.0%)	1 (20.0%)	6 (20.0%)
M	20 (80.0%)	4 (80.0%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 2: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

Figure 3: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

Figure 4: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

2.4 Extra

2.4.1 Sex

Table 13: Summary table of all variables by Sex.

Factor	Levels	Total	F	M	Statistics
Sex		30	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	46 (38:73)	55 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.737
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	5 (83.3%)	20 (83.3%)	OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], RR=1.00 [0.75, 1.34] (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (16.7%)	14 (58.3%)	OR=0.14 [0.01, 1.42], RR=0.29 [0.07, 1.19] (p=0.169)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (16.7%)	1 (4.2%)	OR=4.60 [0.24, 86.64], RR=4.00 [0.50, 31.98] (p=0.366)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	2 (33.3%)	8 (33.3%)	OR=1.00 [0.15, 6.67], RR=1.00 [0.34, 2.97] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	1 (25.0%)	3 (17.6%)	V=0.39 (p=0.205)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (47.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	3 (75.0%)	6 (35.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	5 (83.3%)	16 (66.7%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80] (p=0.637)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	1 (16.7%)	8 (33.3%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80] (p=0.637)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	4 (66.7%)	21 (87.5%)	V=0.40 (p=0.184)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (4.2%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (16.7%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	1 (16.7%)	2 (8.3%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	2 (33.3%)	3 (12.5%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33] (p=0.254)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	4 (66.7%)	21 (87.5%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33] (p=0.254)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)	4 (16.7%)	V=0.14 (p=0.907)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.3%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)	4 (16.7%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	4 (66.7%)	14 (58.3%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	2 (33.3%)	2 (8.3%)	OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19], RR=4.00 [0.89, 18.06] (p=0.169)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 14: Relation between Sex and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	5 (83.3% / 20.0%)	1 (16.7% / 20.0%)	6 (20.0%)
M	20 (83.3% / 80.0%)	4 (16.7% / 80.0%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], RR=1.00 [0.75, 1.34], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 5: Relation between Sex and Smoking.

Table 15: Relation between Sex and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	1 (16.7% / 6.7%)	5 (83.3% / 33.3%)	6 (20.0%)
M	14 (58.3% / 93.3%)	10 (41.7% / 66.7%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.14 [0.01, 1.42], RR=0.29 [0.07, 1.19], phi=0.33 (p=0.169)

Figure 6: Relation between Sex and Alcohol.

Table 16: Relation between Sex and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	1 (16.7% / 50.0%)	5 (83.3% / 17.9%)	6 (20.0%)
M	1 (4.2% / 50.0%)	23 (95.8% / 82.1%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=4.60 [0.24, 86.64], RR=4.00 [0.50, 31.98], phi=0.20 (p=0.366)

Figure 7: Relation between Sex and Diabetes.

Table 17: Relation between Sex and Infection.

vs. Infection
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	2 (33.3% / 20.0%)	4 (66.7% / 20.0%)	6 (20.0%)
M	8 (33.3% / 80.0%)	16 (66.7% / 80.0%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.15, 6.67], RR=1.00 [0.34, 2.97], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 8: Relation between Sex and Infection.

Table 18: Relation between Sex and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Sexe	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
F	1 (25.0% / 25.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (75.0% / 33.3%)	6 (20.0%)
M	3 (17.6% / 75.0%)	8 (47.1% / 100.0%)	6 (35.3% / 66.7%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.39 (p=0.205)

Figure 9: Relation between Sex and Fracture location.

Table 19: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Sexe	closed	open	(total)
F	5 (83.3% / 23.8%)	1 (16.7% / 11.1%)	6 (20.0%)
M	16 (66.7% / 76.2%)	8 (33.3% / 88.9%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80], phi=0.15 (p=0.637)

Figure 10: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (1).

Table 20: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Sexe	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
F	4 (66.7% / 16.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (16.7% / 100.0%)	1 (16.7% / 33.3%)	6 (20.0%)
M	21 (87.5% / 84.0%)	1 (4.2% / 100.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (8.3% / 66.7%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.40 (p=0.184)

Figure 11: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (2).

Table 21: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Sexe	simple	multiple	(total)
F	2 (33.3% / 40.0%)	4 (66.7% / 16.0%)	6 (20.0%)
M	3 (12.5% / 60.0%)	21 (87.5% / 84.0%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33], phi=0.22 (p=0.254)

Figure 12: Relation between Sex and Type of fracture (3).

Table 22: Relation between Sex and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Sexe	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
F	1 (16.7% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (16.7% / 20.0%)	4 (66.7% / 22.2%)	6 (20.0%)
M	4 (16.7% / 80.0%)	2 (8.3% / 100.0%)	4 (16.7% / 80.0%)	14 (58.3% / 77.8%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.14 (p=0.907)

Figure 13: Relation between Sex and Initial treatment.

Table 23: Relation between Sex and Complications.

vs. Complication
Sexe	yes	no	(total)
F	2 (33.3% / 50.0%)	4 (66.7% / 15.4%)	6 (20.0%)
M	2 (8.3% / 50.0%)	22 (91.7% / 84.6%)	24 (80.0%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19], RR=4.00 [0.89, 18.06], phi=0.29 (p=0.169)

Figure 14: Relation between Sex and Complications.

2.4.2 Smoking

Table 24: Summary table of all variables by Smoking.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Smoking		30	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	55 (33:87)	29 (24:63)	T-test: p=0.012
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	5 (20.0%)	1 (20.0%)	OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61] (p=1.000)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	20 (80.0%)	4 (80.0%)	OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61] (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	14 (56.0%)	1 (20.0%)	OR=5.09 [0.50, 52.29], RR=2.80 [0.70, 11.13] (p=0.330)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0	OR=1.17 [0.05, 28.00], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	10 (40.0%)	0	OR=7.45 [0.37, 149.55], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=0.140)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	4 (23.5%)	0	V=0.24 (p=0.553)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	6 (35.3%)	2 (50.0%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	7 (41.2%)	2 (50.0%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	16 (64.0%)	5 (100.0%)	OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18], RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	9 (36.0%)	0	OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18], RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	22 (88.0%)	3 (60.0%)	V=0.45 (p=0.103)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (20.0%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.0%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	2 (8.0%)	1 (20.0%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	3 (12.0%)	2 (40.0%)	OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77], RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11] (p=0.183)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	22 (88.0%)	3 (60.0%)	OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77], RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11] (p=0.183)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	4 (16.0%)	1 (20.0%)	V=0.25 (p=0.606)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	2 (8.0%)	0
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	5 (20.0%)	0
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	14 (56.0%)	4 (80.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	3 (12.0%)	1 (20.0%)	OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65], RR=0.60 [0.11, 3.14] (p=0.538)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 25: Relation between Smoking and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Tabac	F	M	(total)
yes	5 (20.0% / 83.3%)	20 (80.0% / 83.3%)	25 (83.3%)
no	1 (20.0% / 16.7%)	4 (80.0% / 16.7%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 15: Relation between Smoking and Sex.

Table 26: Relation between Smoking and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Tabac	yes	no	(total)
yes	14 (56.0% / 93.3%)	11 (44.0% / 73.3%)	25 (83.3%)
no	1 (20.0% / 6.7%)	4 (80.0% / 26.7%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.09 [0.50, 52.29], RR=2.80 [0.70, 11.13], phi=0.27 (p=0.330)

Figure 16: Relation between Smoking and Alcohol.

Table 27: Relation between Smoking and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Tabac	yes	no	(total)
yes	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	23 (92.0% / 82.1%)	25 (83.3%)
no	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 17.9%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.17 [0.05, 28.00], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf], phi=0.12 (p=1.000)

Figure 17: Relation between Smoking and Diabetes.

Table 28: Relation between Smoking and Infection.

vs. Infection
Tabac	yes	no	(total)
yes	10 (40.0% / 100.0%)	15 (60.0% / 75.0%)	25 (83.3%)
no	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 25.0%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=7.45 [0.37, 149.55], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf], phi=0.32 (p=0.140)

Figure 18: Relation between Smoking and Infection.

Table 29: Relation between Smoking and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Tabac	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
yes	4 (23.5% / 100.0%)	6 (35.3% / 75.0%)	7 (41.2% / 77.8%)	25 (83.3%)
no	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (50.0% / 25.0%)	2 (50.0% / 22.2%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.24 (p=0.553)

Figure 19: Relation between Smoking and Fracture location.

Table 30: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Tabac	closed	open	(total)
yes	16 (64.0% / 76.2%)	9 (36.0% / 100.0%)	25 (83.3%)
no	5 (100.0% / 23.8%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18], RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70], phi=0.29 (p=0.286)

Figure 20: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (1).

Table 31: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Tabac	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
yes	22 (88.0% / 88.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (4.0% / 100.0%)	2 (8.0% / 66.7%)	25 (83.3%)
no	3 (60.0% / 12.0%)	1 (20.0% / 100.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (20.0% / 33.3%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.45 (p=0.103)

Figure 21: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (2).

Table 32: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Tabac	simple	multiple	(total)
yes	3 (12.0% / 60.0%)	22 (88.0% / 88.0%)	25 (83.3%)
no	2 (40.0% / 40.0%)	3 (60.0% / 12.0%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77], RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11], phi=0.28 (p=0.183)

Figure 22: Relation between Smoking and Type of fracture (3).

Table 33: Relation between Smoking and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Tabac	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
yes	4 (16.0% / 80.0%)	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	5 (20.0% / 100.0%)	14 (56.0% / 77.8%)	25 (83.3%)
no	1 (20.0% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (80.0% / 22.2%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.25 (p=0.606)

Figure 23: Relation between Smoking and Initial treatment.

Table 34: Relation between Smoking and Complications.

vs. Complication
Tabac	yes	no	(total)
yes	3 (12.0% / 75.0%)	22 (88.0% / 84.6%)	25 (83.3%)
no	1 (20.0% / 25.0%)	4 (80.0% / 15.4%)	5 (16.7%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65], RR=0.60 [0.11, 3.14], phi=0.09 (p=0.538)

Figure 24: Relation between Smoking and Complications.

2.4.3 Alcohol

Table 35: Summary table of all variables by Alcohol.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Alcohol		30	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	57 (45:87)	40 (24:73)	T-test: p<0.001
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	1 (6.7%)	5 (33.3%)	OR=0.14 [0.01, 1.42], RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05] (p=0.169)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	14 (93.3%)	10 (66.7%)	OR=0.14 [0.01, 1.42], RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05] (p=0.169)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	14 (93.3%)	11 (73.3%)	OR=5.09 [0.50, 52.29], RR=1.27 [0.95, 1.71] (p=0.330)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	OR=1.00 [0.06, 17.62], RR=1.00 [0.12, 8.56] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	7 (46.7%)	3 (20.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.69, 17.71], RR=2.33 [0.82, 6.65] (p=0.245)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	2 (20.0%)	2 (18.2%)	V=0.38 (p=0.228)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	2 (20.0%)	6 (54.5%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	6 (60.0%)	3 (27.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	13 (86.7%)	8 (53.3%)	OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46], RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61] (p=0.109)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	2 (13.3%)	7 (46.7%)	OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46], RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61] (p=0.109)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	12 (80.0%)	13 (86.7%)	V=0.28 (p=0.499)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (6.7%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (6.7%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	1 (6.7%)	2 (13.3%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	3 (20.0%)	2 (13.3%)	OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46], RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	12 (80.0%)	13 (86.7%)	OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46], RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	2 (13.3%)	3 (20.0%)	V=0.49 (p=0.066)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)	1 (6.7%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (33.3%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	12 (80.0%)	6 (40.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (6.7%)	3 (20.0%)	OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12], RR=0.33 [0.06, 1.96] (p=0.598)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 36: Relation between Alcohol and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Alcool	F	M	(total)
yes	1 (6.7% / 16.7%)	14 (93.3% / 58.3%)	15 (50.0%)
no	5 (33.3% / 83.3%)	10 (66.7% / 41.7%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.14 [0.01, 1.42], RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05], phi=0.33 (p=0.169)

Figure 25: Relation between Alcohol and Sex.

Table 37: Relation between Alcohol and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Alcool	yes	no	(total)
yes	14 (93.3% / 56.0%)	1 (6.7% / 20.0%)	15 (50.0%)
no	11 (73.3% / 44.0%)	4 (26.7% / 80.0%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.09 [0.50, 52.29], RR=1.27 [0.95, 1.71], phi=0.27 (p=0.330)

Figure 26: Relation between Alcohol and Smoking.

Table 38: Relation between Alcohol and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Alcool	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (6.7% / 50.0%)	14 (93.3% / 50.0%)	15 (50.0%)
no	1 (6.7% / 50.0%)	14 (93.3% / 50.0%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.06, 17.62], RR=1.00 [0.12, 8.56], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 27: Relation between Alcohol and Diabetes.

Table 39: Relation between Alcohol and Infection.

vs. Infection
Alcool	yes	no	(total)
yes	7 (46.7% / 70.0%)	8 (53.3% / 40.0%)	15 (50.0%)
no	3 (20.0% / 30.0%)	12 (80.0% / 60.0%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=3.50 [0.69, 17.71], RR=2.33 [0.82, 6.65], phi=0.28 (p=0.245)

Figure 28: Relation between Alcohol and Infection.

Table 40: Relation between Alcohol and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Alcool	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
yes	2 (20.0% / 50.0%)	2 (20.0% / 25.0%)	6 (60.0% / 66.7%)	15 (50.0%)
no	2 (18.2% / 50.0%)	6 (54.5% / 75.0%)	3 (27.3% / 33.3%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.38 (p=0.228)

Figure 29: Relation between Alcohol and Fracture location.

Table 41: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Alcool	closed	open	(total)
yes	13 (86.7% / 61.9%)	2 (13.3% / 22.2%)	15 (50.0%)
no	8 (53.3% / 38.1%)	7 (46.7% / 77.8%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46], RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61], phi=0.36 (p=0.109)

Figure 30: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (1).

Table 42: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Alcool	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
yes	12 (80.0% / 48.0%)	1 (6.7% / 100.0%)	1 (6.7% / 100.0%)	1 (6.7% / 33.3%)	15 (50.0%)
no	13 (86.7% / 52.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (13.3% / 66.7%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.28 (p=0.499)

Figure 31: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (2).

Table 43: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Alcool	simple	multiple	(total)
yes	3 (20.0% / 60.0%)	12 (80.0% / 48.0%)	15 (50.0%)
no	2 (13.3% / 40.0%)	13 (86.7% / 52.0%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46], RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44], phi=0.09 (p=1.000)

Figure 32: Relation between Alcohol and Type of fracture (3).

Table 44: Relation between Alcohol and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Alcool	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
yes	2 (13.3% / 40.0%)	1 (6.7% / 50.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	12 (80.0% / 66.7%)	15 (50.0%)
no	3 (20.0% / 60.0%)	1 (6.7% / 50.0%)	5 (33.3% / 100.0%)	6 (40.0% / 33.3%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.49 (p=0.066)

Figure 33: Relation between Alcohol and Initial treatment.

Table 45: Relation between Alcohol and Complications.

vs. Complication
Alcool	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (6.7% / 25.0%)	14 (93.3% / 53.8%)	15 (50.0%)
no	3 (20.0% / 75.0%)	12 (80.0% / 46.2%)	15 (50.0%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12], RR=0.33 [0.06, 1.96], phi=0.20 (p=0.598)

Figure 34: Relation between Alcohol and Complications.

2.4.4 Diabetes

Table 46: Summary table of all variables by Diabetes.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Diabetes		30	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	67 (47:87)	53.5 (24:77)	T-test: p=0.120
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	1 (50.0%)	5 (17.9%)	OR=4.60 [0.24, 86.64], RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38] (p=0.366)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	1 (50.0%)	23 (82.1%)	OR=4.60 [0.24, 86.64], RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38] (p=0.366)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	OR=1.17 [0.05, 28.00], RR=1.22 (p=1.000)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (50.0%)	14 (50.0%)	OR=1.00 [0.06, 17.62], RR=1.00 [0.42, 2.40] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	1 (50.0%)	9 (32.1%)	OR=2.11 [0.12, 37.72], RR=1.56 [0.60, 4.03] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (21.1%)	V=0.37 (p=0.229)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (42.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	2 (100.0%)	7 (36.8%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	2 (100.0%)	19 (67.9%)	OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93], RR=1.47 (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	0	9 (32.1%)	OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93], RR=1.47 (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	V=0.12 (p=0.934)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.6%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.6%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (10.7%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)	OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	2 (100.0%)	23 (82.1%)	OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)	V=0.22 (p=0.699)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (7.1%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (17.9%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	2 (100.0%)	16 (57.1%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (50.0%)	3 (10.7%)	OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67], RR=4.67 [1.32, 16.54] (p=0.253)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 47: Relation between Diabetes and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Diabète	F	M	(total)
yes	1 (50.0% / 16.7%)	1 (50.0% / 4.2%)	2 (6.7%)
no	5 (17.9% / 83.3%)	23 (82.1% / 95.8%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=4.60 [0.24, 86.64], RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38], phi=0.20 (p=0.366)

Figure 35: Relation between Diabetes and Sex.

Table 48: Relation between Diabetes and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Diabète	yes	no	(total)
yes	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
no	23 (82.1% / 92.0%)	5 (17.9% / 100.0%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.17 [0.05, 28.00], RR=1.22, phi=0.12 (p=1.000)

Figure 36: Relation between Diabetes and Smoking.

Table 49: Relation between Diabetes and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Diabète	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (50.0% / 6.7%)	1 (50.0% / 6.7%)	2 (6.7%)
no	14 (50.0% / 93.3%)	14 (50.0% / 93.3%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.06, 17.62], RR=1.00 [0.42, 2.40], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 37: Relation between Diabetes and Alcohol.

Table 50: Relation between Diabetes and Infection.

vs. Infection
Diabète	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (50.0% / 10.0%)	1 (50.0% / 5.0%)	2 (6.7%)
no	9 (32.1% / 90.0%)	19 (67.9% / 95.0%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.11 [0.12, 37.72], RR=1.56 [0.60, 4.03], phi=0.09 (p=1.000)

Figure 38: Relation between Diabetes and Infection.

Table 51: Relation between Diabetes and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Diabète	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 22.2%)	2 (6.7%)
no	4 (21.1% / 100.0%)	8 (42.1% / 100.0%)	7 (36.8% / 77.8%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.37 (p=0.229)

Figure 39: Relation between Diabetes and Fracture location.

Table 52: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Diabète	closed	open	(total)
yes	2 (100.0% / 9.5%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
no	19 (67.9% / 90.5%)	9 (32.1% / 100.0%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93], RR=1.47, phi=0.17 (p=1.000)

Figure 40: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (1).

Table 53: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Diabète	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
yes	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
no	23 (82.1% / 92.0%)	1 (3.6% / 100.0%)	1 (3.6% / 100.0%)	3 (10.7% / 100.0%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.12 (p=0.934)

Figure 41: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (2).

Table 54: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Diabète	simple	multiple	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	2 (6.7%)
no	5 (17.9% / 100.0%)	23 (82.1% / 92.0%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.12 (p=1.000)

Figure 42: Relation between Diabetes and Type of fracture (3).

Table 55: Relation between Diabetes and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Diabète	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 11.1%)	2 (6.7%)
no	5 (17.9% / 100.0%)	2 (7.1% / 100.0%)	5 (17.9% / 100.0%)	16 (57.1% / 88.9%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.22 (p=0.699)

Figure 43: Relation between Diabetes and Initial treatment.

Table 56: Relation between Diabetes and Complications.

vs. Complication
Diabète	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (50.0% / 25.0%)	1 (50.0% / 3.8%)	2 (6.7%)
no	3 (10.7% / 75.0%)	25 (89.3% / 96.2%)	28 (93.3%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67], RR=4.67 [1.32, 16.54], phi=0.29 (p=0.253)

Figure 44: Relation between Diabetes and Complications.

2.4.5 Infection

Table 57: Summary table of all variables by Infection.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Infection		30	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	56 (44:59)	47.5 (24:87)	Welch: p=0.373
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (20.0%)	4 (20.0%)	OR=1.00 [0.15, 6.67], RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85] (p=1.000)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	8 (80.0%)	16 (80.0%)	OR=1.00 [0.15, 6.67], RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85] (p=1.000)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	OR=7.45 [0.37, 149.55], RR=1.33 [1.10, 1.62] (p=0.140)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	7 (70.0%)	8 (40.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.69, 17.71], RR=1.75 [0.94, 3.26] (p=0.245)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (10.0%)	1 (5.0%)	OR=2.11 [0.12, 37.72], RR=2.00 [0.24, 16.86] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	3 (33.3%)	1 (8.3%)	V=0.50 (p=0.071)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	1 (11.1%)	7 (58.3%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	5 (55.6%)	4 (33.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	6 (60.0%)	15 (75.0%)	OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53], RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34] (p=0.431)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	4 (40.0%)	5 (25.0%)	OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53], RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34] (p=0.431)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	V=0.32 (p=0.392)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (5.0%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (5.0%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (15.0%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (25.0%)	OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	10 (100.0%)	15 (75.0%)	OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	1 (10.0%)	4 (20.0%)	V=0.16 (p=0.861)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	1 (10.0%)	1 (5.0%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	2 (20.0%)	3 (15.0%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	6 (60.0%)	12 (60.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	1 (10.0%)	3 (15.0%)	OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96], RR=0.67 [0.12, 3.86] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 58: Relation between Infection and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Infection	F	M	(total)
yes	2 (20.0% / 33.3%)	8 (80.0% / 33.3%)	10 (33.3%)
no	4 (20.0% / 66.7%)	16 (80.0% / 66.7%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.00 [0.15, 6.67], RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 45: Relation between Infection and Sex.

Table 59: Relation between Infection and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Infection	yes	no	(total)
yes	10 (100.0% / 40.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	10 (33.3%)
no	15 (75.0% / 60.0%)	5 (25.0% / 100.0%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=7.45 [0.37, 149.55], RR=1.33 [1.10, 1.62], phi=0.32 (p=0.140)

Figure 46: Relation between Infection and Smoking.

Table 60: Relation between Infection and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Infection	yes	no	(total)
yes	7 (70.0% / 46.7%)	3 (30.0% / 20.0%)	10 (33.3%)
no	8 (40.0% / 53.3%)	12 (60.0% / 80.0%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=3.50 [0.69, 17.71], RR=1.75 [0.94, 3.26], phi=0.28 (p=0.245)

Figure 47: Relation between Infection and Alcohol.

Table 61: Relation between Infection and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Infection	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (10.0% / 50.0%)	9 (90.0% / 32.1%)	10 (33.3%)
no	1 (5.0% / 50.0%)	19 (95.0% / 67.9%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.11 [0.12, 37.72], RR=2.00 [0.24, 16.86], phi=0.09 (p=1.000)

Figure 48: Relation between Infection and Diabetes.

Table 62: Relation between Infection and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Infection	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
yes	3 (33.3% / 75.0%)	1 (11.1% / 12.5%)	5 (55.6% / 55.6%)	10 (33.3%)
no	1 (8.3% / 25.0%)	7 (58.3% / 87.5%)	4 (33.3% / 44.4%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.50 (p=0.071)

Figure 49: Relation between Infection and Fracture location.

Table 63: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Infection	closed	open	(total)
yes	6 (60.0% / 28.6%)	4 (40.0% / 44.4%)	10 (33.3%)
no	15 (75.0% / 71.4%)	5 (25.0% / 55.6%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53], RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34], phi=0.15 (p=0.431)

Figure 50: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (1).

Table 64: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Infection	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
yes	10 (100.0% / 40.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	10 (33.3%)
no	15 (75.0% / 60.0%)	1 (5.0% / 100.0%)	1 (5.0% / 100.0%)	3 (15.0% / 100.0%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.32 (p=0.392)

Figure 51: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (2).

Table 65: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Infection	simple	multiple	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	10 (100.0% / 40.0%)	10 (33.3%)
no	5 (25.0% / 100.0%)	15 (75.0% / 60.0%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.32 (p=0.140)

Figure 52: Relation between Infection and Type of fracture (3).

Table 66: Relation between Infection and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Infection	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
yes	1 (10.0% / 20.0%)	1 (10.0% / 50.0%)	2 (20.0% / 40.0%)	6 (60.0% / 33.3%)	10 (33.3%)
no	4 (20.0% / 80.0%)	1 (5.0% / 50.0%)	3 (15.0% / 60.0%)	12 (60.0% / 66.7%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.16 (p=0.861)

Figure 53: Relation between Infection and Initial treatment.

Table 67: Relation between Infection and Complications.

vs. Complication
Infection	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (10.0% / 25.0%)	9 (90.0% / 34.6%)	10 (33.3%)
no	3 (15.0% / 75.0%)	17 (85.0% / 65.4%)	20 (66.7%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96], RR=0.67 [0.12, 3.86], phi=0.07 (p=1.000)

Figure 54: Relation between Infection and Complications.

2.4.6 Fracture location

Table 68: Relation between Fracture location and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Lieu de la fracture	F	M	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	1 (25.0% / 25.0%)	3 (75.0% / 17.6%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	8 (100.0% / 47.1%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	3 (33.3% / 75.0%)	6 (66.7% / 35.3%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	21 (100%)
V=0.39 (p=0.205)

Figure 55: Relation between Fracture location and Sex.

Table 69: Relation between Fracture location and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Lieu de la fracture	yes	no	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	4 (100.0% / 23.5%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	6 (75.0% / 35.3%)	2 (25.0% / 50.0%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	7 (77.8% / 41.2%)	2 (22.2% / 50.0%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	21 (100%)
V=0.24 (p=0.553)

Figure 56: Relation between Fracture location and Smoking.

Table 70: Relation between Fracture location and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Lieu de la fracture	yes	no	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	2 (50.0% / 20.0%)	2 (50.0% / 18.2%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	2 (25.0% / 20.0%)	6 (75.0% / 54.5%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	6 (66.7% / 60.0%)	3 (33.3% / 27.3%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	21 (100%)
V=0.38 (p=0.228)

Figure 57: Relation between Fracture location and Alcohol.

Table 71: Relation between Fracture location and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Lieu de la fracture	yes	no	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (100.0% / 21.1%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	8 (100.0% / 42.1%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	2 (22.2% / 100.0%)	7 (77.8% / 36.8%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	21 (100%)
V=0.37 (p=0.229)

Figure 58: Relation between Fracture location and Diabetes.

Table 72: Relation between Fracture location and Infection.

vs. Infection
Lieu de la fracture	yes	no	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	3 (75.0% / 33.3%)	1 (25.0% / 8.3%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	1 (12.5% / 11.1%)	7 (87.5% / 58.3%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	5 (55.6% / 55.6%)	4 (44.4% / 33.3%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	21 (100%)
V=0.50 (p=0.071)

Figure 59: Relation between Fracture location and Infection.

Table 73: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Lieu de la fracture	closed	open	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	2 (50.0% / 14.3%)	2 (50.0% / 28.6%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	4 (50.0% / 28.6%)	4 (50.0% / 57.1%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	8 (88.9% / 57.1%)	1 (11.1% / 14.3%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	21 (100%)
V=0.41 (p=0.174)

Figure 60: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (1).

Table 74: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Lieu de la fracture	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	4 (100.0% / 22.2%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	8 (100.0% / 44.4%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	6 (66.7% / 33.3%)	1 (11.1% / 100.0%)	1 (11.1% / 100.0%)	1 (11.1% / 100.0%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	21 (100%)
V=0.33 (p=0.587)

Figure 61: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (2).

Table 75: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Lieu de la fracture	simple	multiple	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (100.0% / 22.2%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	8 (100.0% / 44.4%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	3 (33.3% / 100.0%)	6 (66.7% / 33.3%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	21 (100%)
V=0.47 (p=0.097)

Figure 62: Relation between Fracture location and Type of fracture (3).

Table 76: Relation between Fracture location and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Lieu de la fracture	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	1 (25.0% / 33.3%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (25.0% / 25.0%)	2 (50.0% / 15.4%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	1 (12.5% / 33.3%)	1 (12.5% / 100.0%)	2 (25.0% / 50.0%)	4 (50.0% / 30.8%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	1 (11.1% / 33.3%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (11.1% / 25.0%)	7 (77.8% / 53.8%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	21 (100%)
V=0.28 (p=0.785)

Figure 63: Relation between Fracture location and Initial treatment.

Table 77: Relation between Fracture location and Complications.

vs. Complication
Lieu de la fracture	yes	no	(total)
1/3 proximal tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (100.0% / 20.0%)	4 (19.0%)
1/3 médial tibia	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	8 (100.0% / 40.0%)	8 (38.1%)
1/3 distal tibia	1 (11.1% / 100.0%)	8 (88.9% / 40.0%)	9 (42.9%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	21 (100%)
V=0.26 (p=0.497)

Figure 64: Relation between Fracture location and Complications.

2.4.7 Type of fracture (1)

Table 78: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (1).

Factor	Levels	Total	closed	open	Statistics
Type of fracture (1)		30	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	55 (24:87)	44 (33:58)	T-test: p=0.086
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	5 (23.8%)	1 (11.1%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=2.14 [0.42, 10.91] (p=0.637)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	16 (76.2%)	8 (88.9%)	OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=2.14 [0.42, 10.91] (p=0.637)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18], RR=0.76 [0.65, 0.90] (p=0.286)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	13 (61.9%)	2 (22.2%)	OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46], RR=2.79 [0.93, 8.37] (p=0.109)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	2 (9.5%)	0	OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	6 (28.6%)	4 (44.4%)	OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53], RR=0.64 [0.26, 1.60] (p=0.431)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	2 (14.3%)	2 (28.6%)	V=0.41 (p=0.174)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	4 (28.6%)	4 (57.1%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	8 (57.1%)	1 (14.3%)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	V=0.29 (p=0.463)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.8%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (4.8%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	3 (14.3%)	0
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	5 (23.8%)	0	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	16 (76.2%)	9 (100.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=0.286)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	3 (14.3%)	2 (22.2%)	V=0.90 (p<0.001)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (22.2%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (55.6%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	18 (85.7%)	0
Complications		4 (13.3%)	3 (14.3%)	1 (11.1%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87], RR=1.29 [0.22, 7.37] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 79: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	F	M	(total)
closed	5 (23.8% / 83.3%)	16 (76.2% / 66.7%)	21 (70.0%)
open	1 (11.1% / 16.7%)	8 (88.9% / 33.3%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15], RR=2.14 [0.42, 10.91], phi=0.15 (p=0.637)

Figure 65: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Sex.

Table 80: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	yes	no	(total)
closed	16 (76.2% / 64.0%)	5 (23.8% / 100.0%)	21 (70.0%)
open	9 (100.0% / 36.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18], RR=0.76 [0.65, 0.90], phi=0.29 (p=0.286)

Figure 66: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Smoking.

Table 81: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	yes	no	(total)
closed	13 (61.9% / 86.7%)	8 (38.1% / 53.3%)	21 (70.0%)
open	2 (22.2% / 13.3%)	7 (77.8% / 46.7%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46], RR=2.79 [0.93, 8.37], phi=0.36 (p=0.109)

Figure 67: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Alcohol.

Table 82: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	yes	no	(total)
closed	2 (9.5% / 100.0%)	19 (90.5% / 67.9%)	21 (70.0%)
open	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	9 (100.0% / 32.1%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf], phi=0.17 (p=1.000)

Figure 68: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Diabetes.

Table 83: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Infection.

vs. Infection
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	yes	no	(total)
closed	6 (28.6% / 60.0%)	15 (71.4% / 75.0%)	21 (70.0%)
open	4 (44.4% / 40.0%)	5 (55.6% / 25.0%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53], RR=0.64 [0.26, 1.60], phi=0.15 (p=0.431)

Figure 69: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Infection.

Table 84: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
closed	2 (14.3% / 50.0%)	4 (28.6% / 50.0%)	8 (57.1% / 88.9%)	21 (70.0%)
open	2 (28.6% / 50.0%)	4 (57.1% / 50.0%)	1 (14.3% / 11.1%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.41 (p=0.174)

Figure 70: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Fracture location.

Table 85: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
closed	16 (76.2% / 64.0%)	1 (4.8% / 100.0%)	1 (4.8% / 100.0%)	3 (14.3% / 100.0%)	21 (70.0%)
open	9 (100.0% / 36.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.29 (p=0.463)

Figure 71: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Type of fracture (2).

Table 86: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	simple	multiple	(total)
closed	5 (23.8% / 100.0%)	16 (76.2% / 64.0%)	21 (70.0%)
open	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	9 (100.0% / 36.0%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=Inf [Inf, Inf], phi=0.29 (p=0.286)

Figure 72: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Type of fracture (3).

Table 87: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
closed	3 (14.3% / 60.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	18 (85.7% / 100.0%)	21 (70.0%)
open	2 (22.2% / 40.0%)	2 (22.2% / 100.0%)	5 (55.6% / 100.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.90 (p<0.001)

Figure 73: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Initial treatment.

Table 88: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Complications.

vs. Complication
Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé	yes	no	(total)
closed	3 (14.3% / 75.0%)	18 (85.7% / 69.2%)	21 (70.0%)
open	1 (11.1% / 25.0%)	8 (88.9% / 30.8%)	9 (30.0%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87], RR=1.29 [0.22, 7.37], phi=0.04 (p=1.000)

Figure 74: Relation between Type of fracture (1) and Complications.

2.4.8 Type of fracture (2)

Table 89: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	F	M	(total)
comminutive	4 (16.0% / 66.7%)	21 (84.0% / 87.5%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 4.2%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	1 (100.0% / 16.7%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	1 (33.3% / 16.7%)	2 (66.7% / 8.3%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.40 (p=0.184)

Figure 75: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Sex.

Table 90: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	yes	no	(total)
comminutive	22 (88.0% / 88.0%)	3 (12.0% / 60.0%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 20.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	1 (100.0% / 4.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	2 (66.7% / 8.0%)	1 (33.3% / 20.0%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.45 (p=0.103)

Figure 76: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Smoking.

Table 91: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	yes	no	(total)
comminutive	12 (48.0% / 80.0%)	13 (52.0% / 86.7%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	1 (100.0% / 6.7%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	1 (100.0% / 6.7%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	1 (33.3% / 6.7%)	2 (66.7% / 13.3%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.28 (p=0.499)

Figure 77: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Alcohol.

Table 92: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	yes	no	(total)
comminutive	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	23 (92.0% / 82.1%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 3.6%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 3.6%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (100.0% / 10.7%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
V=0.12 (p=0.934)

Figure 78: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Diabetes.

Table 93: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Infection.

vs. Infection
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	yes	no	(total)
comminutive	10 (40.0% / 100.0%)	15 (60.0% / 75.0%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 5.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 5.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (100.0% / 15.0%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.32 (p=0.392)

Figure 79: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Infection.

Table 94: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
comminutive	4 (22.2% / 100.0%)	8 (44.4% / 100.0%)	6 (33.3% / 66.7%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 11.1%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 11.1%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 11.1%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.33 (p=0.587)

Figure 80: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Fracture location.

Table 95: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	closed	open	(total)
comminutive	16 (64.0% / 76.2%)	9 (36.0% / 100.0%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	1 (100.0% / 4.8%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	1 (100.0% / 4.8%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	3 (100.0% / 14.3%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.29 (p=0.463)

Figure 81: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Type of fracture (1).

Table 96: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	simple	multiple	(total)
comminutive	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	25 (100.0% / 100.0%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	1 (100.0% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	1 (100.0% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	3 (100.0% / 60.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
V=1.00 (p<0.001)

Figure 82: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Type of fracture (3).

Table 97: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
comminutive	2 (8.0% / 40.0%)	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	5 (20.0% / 100.0%)	16 (64.0% / 88.9%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 5.6%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 5.6%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	3 (100.0% / 60.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.44 (p=0.038)

Figure 83: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Initial treatment.

Table 98: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Complications.

vs. Complication
Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse	yes	no	(total)
comminutive	4 (16.0% / 100.0%)	21 (84.0% / 80.8%)	25 (83.3%)
oblique	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 3.8%)	1 (3.3%)
transversalle	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 3.8%)	1 (3.3%)
transverse	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (100.0% / 11.5%)	3 (10.0%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.18 (p=0.820)

Figure 84: Relation between Type of fracture (2) and Complications.

2.4.9 Type of fracture (3)

Table 99: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (3).

Factor	Levels	Total	simple	multiple	Statistics
Type of fracture (3)		30	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	49 (28:65)	54 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.847
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (40.0%)	4 (16.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.50 [0.74, 8.40] (p=0.254)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	3 (60.0%)	21 (84.0%)	OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.50 [0.74, 8.40] (p=0.254)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	3 (60.0%)	22 (88.0%)	OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77], RR=0.68 [0.38, 1.23] (p=0.183)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	3 (60.0%)	12 (48.0%)	OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46], RR=1.25 [0.62, 2.50] (p=1.000)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.0%)	OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	0	10 (40.0%)	OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (22.2%)	V=0.47 (p=0.097)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (44.4%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	3 (100.0%)	6 (33.3%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	5 (100.0%)	16 (64.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=1.56 [1.42, 1.72] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	0	9 (36.0%)	OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=1.56 [1.42, 1.72] (p=0.286)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	0	25 (100.0%)	V=1.00 (p<0.001)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	1 (20.0%)	0
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	1 (20.0%)	0
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	3 (60.0%)	0
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	3 (60.0%)	2 (8.0%)	V=0.53 (p=0.036)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (8.0%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (20.0%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	2 (40.0%)	16 (64.0%)
Complications		4 (13.3%)	0	4 (16.0%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 100: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	F	M	(total)
simple	2 (40.0% / 33.3%)	3 (60.0% / 12.5%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	4 (16.0% / 66.7%)	21 (84.0% / 87.5%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14], RR=2.50 [0.74, 8.40], phi=0.22 (p=0.254)

Figure 85: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Sex.

Table 101: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	yes	no	(total)
simple	3 (60.0% / 12.0%)	2 (40.0% / 40.0%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	22 (88.0% / 88.0%)	3 (12.0% / 60.0%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77], RR=0.68 [0.38, 1.23], phi=0.28 (p=0.183)

Figure 86: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Smoking.

Table 102: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	yes	no	(total)
simple	3 (60.0% / 20.0%)	2 (40.0% / 13.3%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	12 (48.0% / 80.0%)	13 (52.0% / 86.7%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46], RR=1.25 [0.62, 2.50], phi=0.09 (p=1.000)

Figure 87: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Alcohol.

Table 103: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	yes	no	(total)
simple	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 17.9%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	23 (92.0% / 82.1%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.12 (p=1.000)

Figure 88: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Diabetes.

Table 104: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Infection.

vs. Infection
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	yes	no	(total)
simple	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 25.0%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	10 (40.0% / 100.0%)	15 (60.0% / 75.0%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.32 (p=0.140)

Figure 89: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Infection.

Table 105: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
simple	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (100.0% / 33.3%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	4 (22.2% / 100.0%)	8 (44.4% / 100.0%)	6 (33.3% / 66.7%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.47 (p=0.097)

Figure 90: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Fracture location.

Table 106: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	closed	open	(total)
simple	5 (100.0% / 23.8%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	16 (64.0% / 76.2%)	9 (36.0% / 100.0%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60], RR=1.56 [1.42, 1.72], phi=0.29 (p=0.286)

Figure 91: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Type of fracture (1).

Table 107: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
simple	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (20.0% / 100.0%)	1 (20.0% / 100.0%)	3 (60.0% / 100.0%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	25 (100.0% / 100.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=1.00 (p<0.001)

Figure 92: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Type of fracture (2).

Table 108: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
simple	3 (60.0% / 60.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (40.0% / 11.1%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	2 (8.0% / 40.0%)	2 (8.0% / 100.0%)	5 (20.0% / 100.0%)	16 (64.0% / 88.9%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.53 (p=0.036)

Figure 93: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Initial treatment.

Table 109: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Complications.

vs. Complication
Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture	yes	no	(total)
simple	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 19.2%)	5 (16.7%)
multiple	4 (16.0% / 100.0%)	21 (84.0% / 80.8%)	25 (83.3%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.18 (p=1.000)

Figure 94: Relation between Type of fracture (3) and Complications.

2.4.10 Initial treatment

Table 110: Relation between Initial treatment and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	F	M	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	1 (20.0% / 16.7%)	4 (80.0% / 16.7%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 8.3%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	1 (20.0% / 16.7%)	4 (80.0% / 16.7%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	4 (22.2% / 66.7%)	14 (77.8% / 58.3%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.14 (p=0.907)

Figure 95: Relation between Initial treatment and Sex.

Table 111: Relation between Initial treatment and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	yes	no	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	4 (80.0% / 16.0%)	1 (20.0% / 20.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (100.0% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	14 (77.8% / 56.0%)	4 (22.2% / 80.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.25 (p=0.606)

Figure 96: Relation between Initial treatment and Smoking.

Table 112: Relation between Initial treatment and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	yes	no	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	2 (40.0% / 13.3%)	3 (60.0% / 20.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	1 (50.0% / 6.7%)	1 (50.0% / 6.7%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 33.3%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	12 (66.7% / 80.0%)	6 (33.3% / 40.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.49 (p=0.066)

Figure 97: Relation between Initial treatment and Alcohol.

Table 113: Relation between Initial treatment and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	yes	no	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 17.9%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 7.1%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 17.9%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	2 (11.1% / 100.0%)	16 (88.9% / 57.1%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
V=0.22 (p=0.699)

Figure 98: Relation between Initial treatment and Diabetes.

Table 114: Relation between Initial treatment and Infection.

vs. Infection
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	yes	no	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	1 (20.0% / 10.0%)	4 (80.0% / 20.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	1 (50.0% / 10.0%)	1 (50.0% / 5.0%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	2 (40.0% / 20.0%)	3 (60.0% / 15.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	6 (33.3% / 60.0%)	12 (66.7% / 60.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.16 (p=0.861)

Figure 99: Relation between Initial treatment and Infection.

Table 115: Relation between Initial treatment and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	1 (33.3% / 25.0%)	1 (33.3% / 12.5%)	1 (33.3% / 11.1%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 12.5%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	1 (25.0% / 25.0%)	2 (50.0% / 25.0%)	1 (25.0% / 11.1%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	2 (15.4% / 50.0%)	4 (30.8% / 50.0%)	7 (53.8% / 77.8%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.28 (p=0.785)

Figure 100: Relation between Initial treatment and Fracture location.

Table 116: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	closed	open	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	3 (60.0% / 14.3%)	2 (40.0% / 22.2%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 22.2%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 55.6%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	18 (100.0% / 85.7%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.90 (p<0.001)

Figure 101: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (1).

Table 117: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	2 (40.0% / 8.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	3 (60.0% / 100.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (100.0% / 20.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	16 (88.9% / 64.0%)	1 (5.6% / 100.0%)	1 (5.6% / 100.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.44 (p=0.038)

Figure 102: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (2).

Table 118: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	simple	multiple	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	3 (60.0% / 60.0%)	2 (40.0% / 8.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 8.0%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 20.0%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	2 (11.1% / 40.0%)	16 (88.9% / 64.0%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
V=0.53 (p=0.036)

Figure 103: Relation between Initial treatment and Type of fracture (3).

Table 119: Relation between Initial treatment and Complications.

vs. Complication
Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical	yes	no	(total)
Tige intramedullaire	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	5 (100.0% / 19.2%)	5 (16.7%)
Fixateur externe	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	2 (100.0% / 7.7%)	2 (6.7%)
Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	1 (20.0% / 25.0%)	4 (80.0% / 15.4%)	5 (16.7%)
Placa + suruburi	3 (16.7% / 75.0%)	15 (83.3% / 57.7%)	18 (60.0%)
(total)	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)	30 (100%)
V=0.22 (p=0.696)

Figure 104: Relation between Initial treatment and Complications.

2.4.11 Complications

Table 120: Summary table of all variables by Complications.

Factor	Levels	Total	yes	no	Statistics
Complications		30	4 (13.3%)	26 (86.7%)
Age (years)	*M(R)	53.5 (24:87)	42.5 (33:63)	54.5 (24:87)	T-test: p=0.398
Sex	F	6 (20.0%)	2 (50.0%)	4 (15.4%)	OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19], RR=3.25 [1.05, 10.08] (p=0.169)
Sex	M	24 (80.0%)	2 (50.0%)	22 (84.6%)	OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19], RR=3.25 [1.05, 10.08] (p=0.169)
Smoking		25 (83.3%)	3 (75.0%)	22 (84.6%)	OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65], RR=0.89 [0.59, 1.32] (p=0.538)
Alcohol		15 (50.0%)	1 (25.0%)	14 (53.8%)	OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12], RR=0.46 [0.13, 1.72] (p=0.598)
Diabetes		2 (6.7%)	1 (25.0%)	1 (3.8%)	OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67], RR=6.50 [0.88, 48.20] (p=0.253)
Infection		10 (33.3%)	1 (25.0%)	9 (34.6%)	OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96], RR=0.72 [0.18, 2.82] (p=1.000)
Fracture location	1/3 proximal tibia	4 (19.0%)	0	4 (20.0%)	V=0.26 (p=0.497)
	1/3 médial tibia	8 (38.1%)	0	8 (40.0%)
	1/3 distal tibia	9 (42.9%)	1 (100.0%)	8 (40.0%)
Type of fracture (1)	closed	21 (70.0%)	3 (75.0%)	18 (69.2%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87], RR=1.08 [0.69, 1.69] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (1)	open	9 (30.0%)	1 (25.0%)	8 (30.8%)	OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87], RR=1.08 [0.69, 1.69] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (2)	comminutive	25 (83.3%)	4 (100.0%)	21 (80.8%)	V=0.18 (p=0.820)
	oblique	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.8%)
	transversalle	1 (3.3%)	0	1 (3.8%)
	transverse	3 (10.0%)	0	3 (11.5%)
Type of fracture (3)	simple	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (19.2%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Type of fracture (3)	multiple	25 (83.3%)	4 (100.0%)	21 (80.8%)	OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)
Initial treatment	Tige intramedullaire	5 (16.7%)	0	5 (19.2%)	V=0.22 (p=0.696)
	Fixateur externe	2 (6.7%)	0	2 (7.7%)
	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	5 (16.7%)	1 (25.0%)	4 (15.4%)
	Placa + suruburi	18 (60.0%)	3 (75.0%)	15 (57.7%)
*M(R) = Mediana (min:max); MW = Test Mann-Whitney; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc relativ [cu IC 95%] și p calculat prin testul Fisher); V = Cramer V (p calculat prin testul Chi²).

Table 121: Relation between Complications and Sex.

vs. Sexe
Complication	F	M	(total)
yes	2 (50.0% / 33.3%)	2 (50.0% / 8.3%)	4 (13.3%)
no	4 (15.4% / 66.7%)	22 (84.6% / 91.7%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	6 (20.0%)	24 (80.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19], RR=3.25 [1.05, 10.08], phi=0.29 (p=0.169)

Figure 105: Relation between Complications and Sex.

Table 122: Relation between Complications and Smoking.

vs. Tabac
Complication	yes	no	(total)
yes	3 (75.0% / 12.0%)	1 (25.0% / 20.0%)	4 (13.3%)
no	22 (84.6% / 88.0%)	4 (15.4% / 80.0%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	5 (16.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65], RR=0.89 [0.59, 1.32], phi=0.09 (p=0.538)

Figure 106: Relation between Complications and Smoking.

Table 123: Relation between Complications and Alcohol.

vs. Alcool
Complication	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (25.0% / 6.7%)	3 (75.0% / 20.0%)	4 (13.3%)
no	14 (53.8% / 93.3%)	12 (46.2% / 80.0%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	15 (50.0%)	15 (50.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12], RR=0.46 [0.13, 1.72], phi=0.20 (p=0.598)

Figure 107: Relation between Complications and Alcohol.

Table 124: Relation between Complications and Diabetes.

vs. Diabète
Complication	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (25.0% / 50.0%)	3 (75.0% / 10.7%)	4 (13.3%)
no	1 (3.8% / 50.0%)	25 (96.2% / 89.3%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	2 (6.7%)	28 (93.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67], RR=6.50 [0.88, 48.20], phi=0.29 (p=0.253)

Figure 108: Relation between Complications and Diabetes.

Table 125: Relation between Complications and Infection.

vs. Infection
Complication	yes	no	(total)
yes	1 (25.0% / 10.0%)	3 (75.0% / 15.0%)	4 (13.3%)
no	9 (34.6% / 90.0%)	17 (65.4% / 85.0%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	10 (33.3%)	20 (66.7%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96], RR=0.72 [0.18, 2.82], phi=0.07 (p=1.000)

Figure 109: Relation between Complications and Infection.

Table 126: Relation between Complications and Fracture location.

vs. Lieu de la fracture
Complication	1/3 proximal tibia	1/3 médial tibia	1/3 distal tibia	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (100.0% / 11.1%)	4 (13.3%)
no	4 (20.0% / 100.0%)	8 (40.0% / 100.0%)	8 (40.0% / 88.9%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	4 (19.0%)	8 (38.1%)	9 (42.9%)	30 (100%)
V=0.26 (p=0.497)

Figure 110: Relation between Complications and Fracture location.

Table 127: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (1).

vs. Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé
Complication	closed	open	(total)
yes	3 (75.0% / 14.3%)	1 (25.0% / 11.1%)	4 (13.3%)
no	18 (69.2% / 85.7%)	8 (30.8% / 88.9%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	21 (70.0%)	9 (30.0%)	30 (100%)
OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87], RR=1.08 [0.69, 1.69], phi=0.04 (p=1.000)

Figure 111: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (1).

Table 128: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (2).

vs. Type de fracture: comminutive/ oblique/ spiroide/ transverse
Complication	comminutive	oblique	transversalle	transverse	(total)
yes	4 (100.0% / 16.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (13.3%)
no	21 (80.8% / 84.0%)	1 (3.8% / 100.0%)	1 (3.8% / 100.0%)	3 (11.5% / 100.0%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	25 (83.3%)	1 (3.3%)	1 (3.3%)	3 (10.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.18 (p=0.820)

Figure 112: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (2).

Table 129: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (3).

vs. Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture
Complication	simple	multiple	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	4 (100.0% / 16.0%)	4 (13.3%)
no	5 (19.2% / 100.0%)	21 (80.8% / 84.0%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	25 (83.3%)	30 (100%)
OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34], RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00], phi=0.18 (p=1.000)

Figure 113: Relation between Complications and Type of fracture (3).

Table 130: Relation between Complications and Initial treatment.

vs. Traitement initial: conservateur/ chirurgical
Complication	Tige intramedullaire	Fixateur externe	Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi	Placa + suruburi	(total)
yes	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	0 (0.0% / 0.0%)	1 (25.0% / 20.0%)	3 (75.0% / 16.7%)	4 (13.3%)
no	5 (19.2% / 100.0%)	2 (7.7% / 100.0%)	4 (15.4% / 80.0%)	15 (57.7% / 83.3%)	26 (86.7%)
(total)	5 (16.7%)	2 (6.7%)	5 (16.7%)	18 (60.0%)	30 (100%)
V=0.22 (p=0.696)

Figure 114: Relation between Complications and Initial treatment.

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Graduation Thesis

Graduation thesis

Louis Englebert

1 General Part