1 General Part

2 Special Part

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Objectives

2.2 Methods

2.2.1 Statistical analysis of the data

Pentru descrierea variabilelor cantitative am folosit histograme și am calculat mediile aritmetice ± deviația standard (DS) [cu intervalul de încredere (IC) 95%], precum și valorile extreme și mediane. Pentru variabilele calitative, am folosit pie-uri sau bar-chart-uri și am calculat frecvențele absolute și relative ale categoriilor formate.

Pentru a studia relațiile dintre variabilele cantitative și cele calitative, am folosit testele T și Mann-Whitney (MW) dacă acestea au fost binare, respectiv ANOVA dacă acestea au avut mai multe categorii. Am prezentat valorile p generate de aceste teste precum și mediile ± DS ale grupurilor și diferența mediilor cu IC95% asociat. Am prezentat grafic rezultatele sub forma unor box-plot-uri. Pentru a studia relațiile dintre variabilele cantitative am folosit coeficientul de corelație Spearman (R), cu valoarea p asociata și am prezentat grafic relațiile sub forma unor scatter-plot-uri pe care am adăugat linia de regresie cu IC95%. Pentru a descrie relațiile dintre variabilele calitative am folosit testul Chi2 sau Fisher și indicatorii Cramer phi sau V și Odds-Ratio (OR) / Risc relativ (RR) cu IC95%. Am prezentat grafic rezultatele sub forma unor bar-chart-uri.

Am folosit Microsot Excel 2016 pentru managementul bazei de date. Pentru toate analizele statistice și graficele ulterioare am folosit R 3.6.0 [1]. Am considerat p < 0.05 ca fiind semnificativ statistic și p < 0.1 ca prezentând doar o tendință spre semnificativitate statistică.

2.3 Results

2.3.1 vs Sex

2.3.2 All vs. Sex

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. În cazul femeilor (N=6, 20.0%) a avut valori între 38 și 73 ani (mediana: 46) cu o medie de 49.33 ±12.2 ani. În cazul bărbaților (N=24, 80.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 51.67 ±15.6 ani. Această diferență de 2.33 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.737) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 1: Summary table of all variables by Sex.

Factor

Levels

Total

F

M

Statistics

Sex

30

6 (20.0%)

24 (80.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

49.33 ±12.2

51.67 ±15.6

T-test: p=0.737

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

46 (38:73)

55 (24:87)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

5 (83.3%)

20 (83.3%)

RR=1.00 [0.75, 1.34] (p=1.000)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

1 (16.7%)

14 (58.3%)

RR=0.29 [0.07, 1.19] (p=0.169)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

1 (16.7%)

1 (4.2%)

RR=4.00 [0.50, 31.98] (p=0.366)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

2 (33.3%)

8 (33.3%)

RR=1.00 [0.34, 2.97] (p=1.000)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

1 (16.7%)

3 (12.5%)

V=0.30 (p=0.254)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

0

8 (33.3%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

5 (83.3%)

13 (54.2%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

5 (83.3%)

16 (66.7%)

RR=1.25 [0.87, 1.80] (p=0.637)

open

9 (30.0%)

1 (16.7%)

8 (33.3%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

4 (66.7%)

21 (87.5%)

V=0.40 (p=0.184)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (4.2%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

1 (16.7%)

0

transverse

3 (10.0%)

1 (16.7%)

2 (8.3%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

2 (33.3%)

3 (12.5%)

RR=2.67 [0.69, 10.33] (p=0.254)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

4 (66.7%)

21 (87.5%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

1 (16.7%)

4 (16.7%)

V=0.14 (p=0.907)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (8.3%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

1 (16.7%)

4 (16.7%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

4 (66.7%)

14 (58.3%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

2 (33.3%)

2 (8.3%)

RR=4.00 [0.89, 18.06] (p=0.169)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.3 All vs. Smoking

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Tabac: yes (N=25, 83.3%) a avut valori între 33 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 54.16 ±13.0 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Tabac: no (N=5, 16.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 63 ani (mediana: 29) cu o medie de 36.40 ±15.7 ani. Această diferență de 17.8 ani a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.012) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 2: Summary table of all variables by Smoking.

Factor

Levels

Total

yes

no

Statistics

Smoking

30

25 (83.3%)

5 (16.7%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

54.16 ±13.0

36.40 ±15.7

T-test: p=0.012

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

55 (33:87)

29 (24:63)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

5 (20.0%)

1 (20.0%)

RR=1.00 [0.22, 4.61] (p=1.000)

M

24 (80.0%)

20 (80.0%)

4 (80.0%)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

14 (56.0%)

1 (20.0%)

RR=2.80 [0.70, 11.13] (p=0.330)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

2 (8.0%)

0

RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=1.000)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

10 (40.0%)

0

RR=Inf [Inf, Inf] (p=0.140)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

4 (16.0%)

0

V=0.20 (p=0.549)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

6 (24.0%)

2 (40.0%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

15 (60.0%)

3 (60.0%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

16 (64.0%)

5 (100.0%)

RR=0.64 [0.58, 0.70] (p=0.286)

open

9 (30.0%)

9 (36.0%)

0

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

22 (88.0%)

3 (60.0%)

V=0.45 (p=0.103)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (20.0%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

1 (4.0%)

0

transverse

3 (10.0%)

2 (8.0%)

1 (20.0%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

3 (12.0%)

2 (40.0%)

RR=0.30 [0.08, 1.11] (p=0.183)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

22 (88.0%)

3 (60.0%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

4 (16.0%)

1 (20.0%)

V=0.25 (p=0.606)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

2 (8.0%)

0

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

5 (20.0%)

0

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

14 (56.0%)

4 (80.0%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

3 (12.0%)

1 (20.0%)

RR=0.60 [0.11, 3.14] (p=0.538)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.4 All vs. Alcohol

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Alcool: yes (N=15, 50.0%) a avut valori între 45 și 87 ani (mediana: 57) cu o medie de 60.33 ±10.3 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Alcool: no (N=15, 50.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 73 ani (mediana: 40) cu o medie de 42.07 ±13.0 ani. Această diferență de 18.3 ani a fost semnificativă statistic (p<0.001) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 3: Summary table of all variables by Alcohol.

Factor

Levels

Total

yes

no

Statistics

Alcohol

30

15 (50.0%)

15 (50.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

60.33 ±10.3

42.07 ±13.0

T-test: p<0.001

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

57 (45:87)

40 (24:73)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

1 (6.7%)

5 (33.3%)

RR=0.20 [0.04, 1.05] (p=0.169)

M

24 (80.0%)

14 (93.3%)

10 (66.7%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

14 (93.3%)

11 (73.3%)

RR=1.27 [0.95, 1.71] (p=0.330)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

1 (6.7%)

1 (6.7%)

RR=1.00 [0.12, 8.56] (p=1.000)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

7 (46.7%)

3 (20.0%)

RR=2.33 [0.82, 6.65] (p=0.245)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

2 (13.3%)

2 (13.3%)

V=0.31 (p=0.236)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

2 (13.3%)

6 (40.0%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

11 (73.3%)

7 (46.7%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

13 (86.7%)

8 (53.3%)

RR=1.62 [1.01, 2.61] (p=0.109)

open

9 (30.0%)

2 (13.3%)

7 (46.7%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

12 (80.0%)

13 (86.7%)

V=0.28 (p=0.499)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

1 (6.7%)

0

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

1 (6.7%)

0

transverse

3 (10.0%)

1 (6.7%)

2 (13.3%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

3 (20.0%)

2 (13.3%)

RR=1.50 [0.35, 6.44] (p=1.000)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

12 (80.0%)

13 (86.7%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

2 (13.3%)

3 (20.0%)

V=0.49 (p=0.066)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

1 (6.7%)

1 (6.7%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (33.3%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

12 (80.0%)

6 (40.0%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

1 (6.7%)

3 (20.0%)

RR=0.33 [0.06, 1.96] (p=0.598)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.5 All vs. Diabetes

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Diabète: yes (N=2, 6.7%) a avut valori între 47 și 87 ani (mediana: 67) cu o medie de 67.00 ±28.3 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Diabète: no (N=28, 93.3%) a avut valori între 24 și 77 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 50.07 ±13.7 ani. Această diferență de 16.9 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.120) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 4: Summary table of all variables by Diabetes.

Factor

Levels

Total

yes

no

Statistics

Diabetes

30

2 (6.7%)

28 (93.3%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

67.00 ±28.3

50.07 ±13.7

T-test: p=0.120

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

67 (47:87)

53.5 (24:77)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

1 (50.0%)

5 (17.9%)

RR=2.80 [0.94, 8.38] (p=0.366)

M

24 (80.0%)

1 (50.0%)

23 (82.1%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

2 (100.0%)

23 (82.1%)

RR=1.22 (p=1.000)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

1 (50.0%)

14 (50.0%)

RR=1.00 [0.42, 2.40] (p=1.000)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

1 (50.0%)

9 (32.1%)

RR=1.56 [0.60, 4.03] (p=1.000)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

0

4 (14.3%)

V=0.22 (p=0.490)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

0

8 (28.6%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

2 (100.0%)

16 (57.1%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

2 (100.0%)

19 (67.9%)

RR=1.47 (p=1.000)

open

9 (30.0%)

0

9 (32.1%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

2 (100.0%)

23 (82.1%)

V=0.12 (p=0.934)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (3.6%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (3.6%)

transverse

3 (10.0%)

0

3 (10.7%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (17.9%)

RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=1.000)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

2 (100.0%)

23 (82.1%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (17.9%)

V=0.22 (p=0.699)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (7.1%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (17.9%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

2 (100.0%)

16 (57.1%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

1 (50.0%)

3 (10.7%)

RR=4.67 [1.32, 16.54] (p=0.253)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.6 All vs. Infection

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Infection: yes (N=10, 33.3%) a avut valori între 44 și 59 ani (mediana: 56) cu o medie de 53.80 ±5.03 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Infection: no (N=20, 66.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 47.5) cu o medie de 49.90 ±17.8 ani. Această diferență de 3.9 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.373) conform testului Welch (T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții diferite).

Table 5: Summary table of all variables by Infection.

Factor

Levels

Total

yes

no

Statistics

Infection

30

10 (33.3%)

20 (66.7%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

53.80 ±5.03

49.90 ±17.8

Welch: p=0.373

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

56 (44:59)

47.5 (24:87)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

2 (20.0%)

4 (20.0%)

RR=1.00 [0.26, 3.85] (p=1.000)

M

24 (80.0%)

8 (80.0%)

16 (80.0%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

10 (100.0%)

15 (75.0%)

RR=1.33 [1.10, 1.62] (p=0.140)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

7 (70.0%)

8 (40.0%)

RR=1.75 [0.94, 3.26] (p=0.245)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

1 (10.0%)

1 (5.0%)

RR=2.00 [0.24, 16.86] (p=1.000)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

3 (30.0%)

1 (5.0%)

V=0.40 (p=0.096)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

1 (10.0%)

7 (35.0%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

6 (60.0%)

12 (60.0%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

6 (60.0%)

15 (75.0%)

RR=0.80 [0.48, 1.34] (p=0.431)

open

9 (30.0%)

4 (40.0%)

5 (25.0%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

10 (100.0%)

15 (75.0%)

V=0.32 (p=0.392)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (5.0%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (5.0%)

transverse

3 (10.0%)

0

3 (15.0%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (25.0%)

RR=0.00 [0.00, 0.00] (p=0.140)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

10 (100.0%)

15 (75.0%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

1 (10.0%)

4 (20.0%)

V=0.16 (p=0.861)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

1 (10.0%)

1 (5.0%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

2 (20.0%)

3 (15.0%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

6 (60.0%)

12 (60.0%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

1 (10.0%)

3 (15.0%)

RR=0.67 [0.12, 3.86] (p=1.000)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.7 All vs. Fracture location

Table 6: Summary table of all variables by Fracture location.

Factor

Levels

Total

1/3 proximal tibia

1/3 médial tibia

1/3 distal tibia

Statistics

Fracture location

30

4 (13.3%)

8 (26.7%)

18 (60.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

61.25 ±7.85

40.88 ±13.1

53.56 ±14.6

1-way ANOVA: p=0.039

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

57.5 (57:73)

37.5 (24:61)

54 (28:87)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

1 (25.0%)

0

5 (27.8%)

V=0.30 (p=0.254)

M

24 (80.0%)

3 (75.0%)

8 (100.0%)

13 (72.2%)

Smoking

yes

25 (83.3%)

4 (100.0%)

6 (75.0%)

15 (83.3%)

V=0.20 (p=0.549)

no

5 (16.7%)

0

2 (25.0%)

3 (16.7%)

Alcohol

yes

15 (50.0%)

2 (50.0%)

2 (25.0%)

11 (61.1%)

V=0.31 (p=0.236)

no

15 (50.0%)

2 (50.0%)

6 (75.0%)

7 (38.9%)

Diabetes

yes

2 (6.7%)

0

0

2 (11.1%)

V=0.22 (p=0.490)

no

28 (93.3%)

4 (100.0%)

8 (100.0%)

16 (88.9%)

Infection

yes

10 (33.3%)

3 (75.0%)

1 (12.5%)

6 (33.3%)

V=0.40 (p=0.096)

no

20 (66.7%)

1 (25.0%)

7 (87.5%)

12 (66.7%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

2 (50.0%)

4 (50.0%)

15 (83.3%)

V=0.36 (p=0.149)

open

9 (30.0%)

2 (50.0%)

4 (50.0%)

3 (16.7%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

4 (100.0%)

8 (100.0%)

13 (72.2%)

V=0.26 (p=0.677)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

0

1 (5.6%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

0

0

1 (5.6%)

transverse

3 (10.0%)

0

0

3 (16.7%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

0

0

5 (27.8%)

V=0.37 (p=0.135)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

4 (100.0%)

8 (100.0%)

13 (72.2%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

1 (25.0%)

1 (12.5%)

3 (16.7%)

V=0.19 (p=0.908)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

1 (12.5%)

1 (5.6%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

1 (25.0%)

2 (25.0%)

2 (11.1%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

2 (50.0%)

4 (50.0%)

12 (66.7%)

Complications

yes

4 (13.3%)

0

0

4 (22.2%)

V=0.32 (p=0.215)

no

26 (86.7%)

4 (100.0%)

8 (100.0%)

14 (77.8%)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.8 All vs. Type of fracture (1)

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé: closed (N=21, 70.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 54.24 ±15.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: ouvert/ fermé: open (N=9, 30.0%) a avut valori între 33 și 58 ani (mediana: 44) cu o medie de 44.11 ±9.73 ani. Această diferență de 10.1 ani a prezentat o tendință spre semnificație statistică (p=0.086) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 7: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (1).

Factor

Levels

Total

closed

open

Statistics

Type of fracture (1)

30

21 (70.0%)

9 (30.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

54.24 ±15.8

44.11 ±9.73

T-test: p=0.086

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

55 (24:87)

44 (33:58)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

5 (23.8%)

1 (11.1%)

OR=2.50 [0.25, 25.15] (p=0.637)

M

24 (80.0%)

16 (76.2%)

8 (88.9%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

16 (76.2%)

9 (100.0%)

OR=0.16 [0.01, 3.18] (p=0.286)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

13 (61.9%)

2 (22.2%)

OR=5.69 [0.94, 34.46] (p=0.109)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

2 (9.5%)

0

OR=2.44 [0.11, 55.93] (p=1.000)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

6 (28.6%)

4 (44.4%)

OR=0.50 [0.10, 2.53] (p=0.431)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

2 (9.5%)

2 (22.2%)

V=0.36 (p=0.149)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

4 (19.0%)

4 (44.4%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

15 (71.4%)

3 (33.3%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

16 (76.2%)

9 (100.0%)

V=0.29 (p=0.463)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

1 (4.8%)

0

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

1 (4.8%)

0

transverse

3 (10.0%)

3 (14.3%)

0

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

5 (23.8%)

0

OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

16 (76.2%)

9 (100.0%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

3 (14.3%)

2 (22.2%)

V=0.90 (p<0.001)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (22.2%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (55.6%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

18 (85.7%)

0

Complications

4 (13.3%)

3 (14.3%)

1 (11.1%)

OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87] (p=1.000)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.9 All vs. Type of fracture (2)

Table 8: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (2).

Factor

Levels

Total

comminutive

oblique

transversalle

transverse

Statistics

Type of fracture (2)

30

25 (83.3%)

1 (3.3%)

1 (3.3%)

3 (10.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

51.44 ±15.1

63.00 ±NA

45.00 ±NA

47.33 ±18.6

1-way ANOVA: p=0.814

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

54 (24:87)

63 (63:63)

45 (45:45)

49 (28:65)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

4 (16.0%)

0

1 (100.0%)

1 (33.3%)

V=0.40 (p=0.184)

M

24 (80.0%)

21 (84.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0

2 (66.7%)

Smoking

yes

25 (83.3%)

22 (88.0%)

0

1 (100.0%)

2 (66.7%)

V=0.45 (p=0.103)

no

5 (16.7%)

3 (12.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0

1 (33.3%)

Alcohol

yes

15 (50.0%)

12 (48.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (33.3%)

V=0.28 (p=0.499)

no

15 (50.0%)

13 (52.0%)

0

0

2 (66.7%)

Diabetes

yes

2 (6.7%)

2 (8.0%)

0

0

0

V=0.12 (p=0.934)

no

28 (93.3%)

23 (92.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

Infection

yes

10 (33.3%)

10 (40.0%)

0

0

0

V=0.32 (p=0.392)

no

20 (66.7%)

15 (60.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

4 (16.0%)

0

0

0

V=0.26 (p=0.677)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

8 (32.0%)

0

0

0

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

13 (52.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

16 (64.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

V=0.29 (p=0.463)

open

9 (30.0%)

9 (36.0%)

0

0

0

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

0

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

V=1.00 (p<0.001)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

25 (100.0%)

0

0

0

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

2 (8.0%)

0

0

3 (100.0%)

V=0.44 (p=0.038)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

2 (8.0%)

0

0

0

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

5 (20.0%)

0

0

0

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

16 (64.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0

Complications

yes

4 (13.3%)

4 (16.0%)

0

0

0

V=0.18 (p=0.820)

no

26 (86.7%)

21 (84.0%)

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.10 All vs. Type of fracture (3)

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture: simple (N=5, 16.7%) a avut valori între 28 și 65 ani (mediana: 49) cu o medie de 50.00 ±15.0 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Type de fracture: nombres de trait de fracture: multiple (N=25, 83.3%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 54) cu o medie de 51.44 ±15.1 ani. Această diferență de 1.44 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.847) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 9: Summary table of all variables by Type of fracture (3).

Factor

Levels

Total

simple

multiple

Statistics

Type of fracture (3)

30

5 (16.7%)

25 (83.3%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

50.00 ±15.0

51.44 ±15.1

T-test: p=0.847

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

49 (28:65)

54 (24:87)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

2 (40.0%)

4 (16.0%)

OR=3.50 [0.44, 28.14] (p=0.254)

M

24 (80.0%)

3 (60.0%)

21 (84.0%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

3 (60.0%)

22 (88.0%)

OR=0.20 [0.02, 1.77] (p=0.183)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

3 (60.0%)

12 (48.0%)

OR=1.62 [0.23, 11.46] (p=1.000)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (8.0%)

OR=0.85 [0.04, 20.45] (p=1.000)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

0

10 (40.0%)

OR=0.13 [0.01, 2.69] (p=0.140)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

0

4 (16.0%)

V=0.37 (p=0.135)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

0

8 (32.0%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

5 (100.0%)

13 (52.0%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

5 (100.0%)

16 (64.0%)

OR=6.33 [0.31, 127.60] (p=0.286)

open

9 (30.0%)

0

9 (36.0%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

0

25 (100.0%)

V=1.00 (p<0.001)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

1 (20.0%)

0

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

1 (20.0%)

0

transverse

3 (10.0%)

3 (60.0%)

0

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

3 (60.0%)

2 (8.0%)

V=0.53 (p=0.036)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (8.0%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (20.0%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

2 (40.0%)

16 (64.0%)

Complications

4 (13.3%)

0

4 (16.0%)

OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34] (p=1.000)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.11 All vs. Initial treatment

Table 10: Summary table of all variables by Initial treatment.

Factor

Levels

Total

Tige intramedullaire

Fixateur externe

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

Placa + suruburi

Statistics

Initial treatment

30

5 (16.7%)

2 (6.7%)

5 (16.7%)

18 (60.0%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

46.40 ±15.7

48.50 ±3.54

42.00 ±9.92

55.39 ±15.6

1-way ANOVA: p=0.274

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

49 (28:65)

48.5 (46:51)

40 (33:58)

56 (24:87)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

1 (20.0%)

0

1 (20.0%)

4 (22.2%)

V=0.14 (p=0.907)

M

24 (80.0%)

4 (80.0%)

2 (100.0%)

4 (80.0%)

14 (77.8%)

Smoking

yes

25 (83.3%)

4 (80.0%)

2 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

14 (77.8%)

V=0.25 (p=0.606)

no

5 (16.7%)

1 (20.0%)

0

0

4 (22.2%)

Alcohol

yes

15 (50.0%)

2 (40.0%)

1 (50.0%)

0

12 (66.7%)

V=0.49 (p=0.066)

no

15 (50.0%)

3 (60.0%)

1 (50.0%)

5 (100.0%)

6 (33.3%)

Diabetes

yes

2 (6.7%)

0

0

0

2 (11.1%)

V=0.22 (p=0.699)

no

28 (93.3%)

5 (100.0%)

2 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

16 (88.9%)

Infection

yes

10 (33.3%)

1 (20.0%)

1 (50.0%)

2 (40.0%)

6 (33.3%)

V=0.16 (p=0.861)

no

20 (66.7%)

4 (80.0%)

1 (50.0%)

3 (60.0%)

12 (66.7%)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

1 (20.0%)

0

1 (20.0%)

2 (11.1%)

V=0.19 (p=0.908)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

1 (20.0%)

1 (50.0%)

2 (40.0%)

4 (22.2%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

3 (60.0%)

1 (50.0%)

2 (40.0%)

12 (66.7%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

3 (60.0%)

0

0

18 (100.0%)

V=0.90 (p<0.001)

open

9 (30.0%)

2 (40.0%)

2 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

0

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

2 (40.0%)

2 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

16 (88.9%)

V=0.44 (p=0.038)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

0

0

1 (5.6%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

0

0

0

1 (5.6%)

transverse

3 (10.0%)

3 (60.0%)

0

0

0

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

3 (60.0%)

0

0

2 (11.1%)

V=0.53 (p=0.036)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

2 (40.0%)

2 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

16 (88.9%)

Complications

yes

4 (13.3%)

0

0

1 (20.0%)

3 (16.7%)

V=0.22 (p=0.696)

no

26 (86.7%)

5 (100.0%)

2 (100.0%)

4 (80.0%)

15 (83.3%)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.12 All vs. Complications

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Complication: yes (N=4, 13.3%) a avut valori între 33 și 63 ani (mediana: 42.5) cu o medie de 45.25 ±13.2 ani. Vârsta pacienților cu Complication: no (N=26, 86.7%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 54.5) cu o medie de 52.12 ±15.1 ani. Această diferență de 6.87 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.398) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Table 11: Summary table of all variables by Complications.

Factor

Levels

Total

yes

no

Statistics

Complications

30

4 (13.3%)

26 (86.7%)

Age (years)

Mean ±SD

51.20 ±14.8

45.25 ±13.2

52.12 ±15.1

T-test: p=0.398

*M(R)

53.5 (24:87)

42.5 (33:63)

54.5 (24:87)

Sex

F

6 (20.0%)

2 (50.0%)

4 (15.4%)

OR=5.50 [0.59, 51.19] (p=0.169)

M

24 (80.0%)

2 (50.0%)

22 (84.6%)

Smoking

25 (83.3%)

3 (75.0%)

22 (84.6%)

OR=0.55 [0.04, 6.65] (p=0.538)

Alcohol

15 (50.0%)

1 (25.0%)

14 (53.8%)

OR=0.29 [0.03, 3.12] (p=0.598)

Diabetes

2 (6.7%)

1 (25.0%)

1 (3.8%)

OR=8.33 [0.41, 170.67] (p=0.253)

Infection

10 (33.3%)

1 (25.0%)

9 (34.6%)

OR=0.63 [0.06, 6.96] (p=1.000)

Fracture location

1/3 proximal tibia

4 (13.3%)

0

4 (15.4%)

V=0.32 (p=0.215)

1/3 médial tibia

8 (26.7%)

0

8 (30.8%)

1/3 distal tibia

18 (60.0%)

4 (100.0%)

14 (53.8%)

Type of fracture (1)

closed

21 (70.0%)

3 (75.0%)

18 (69.2%)

OR=1.33 [0.12, 14.87] (p=1.000)

open

9 (30.0%)

1 (25.0%)

8 (30.8%)

Type of fracture (2)

comminutive

25 (83.3%)

4 (100.0%)

21 (80.8%)

V=0.18 (p=0.820)

oblique

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (3.8%)

transversalle

1 (3.3%)

0

1 (3.8%)

transverse

3 (10.0%)

0

3 (11.5%)

Type of fracture (3)

simple

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (19.2%)

OR=0.43 [0.02, 9.34] (p=1.000)

multiple

25 (83.3%)

4 (100.0%)

21 (80.8%)

Initial treatment

Tige intramedullaire

5 (16.7%)

0

5 (19.2%)

V=0.22 (p=0.696)

Fixateur externe

2 (6.7%)

0

2 (7.7%)

Fixateur externe - Placa suruburi

5 (16.7%)

1 (25.0%)

4 (15.4%)

Placa + suruburi

18 (60.0%)

3 (75.0%)

15 (57.7%)

*M(R) = Median (min:max); MW = Mann-Whitney test; OR/RR = odds-ratio / risc-ratio [95% CI] and p value from Fisher test); V = Cramer V (p value from Chi² test).

2.3.13 Age (years)

Vârsta pacienților (N=30) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 53.5) cu o medie de 51.20 ±14.8 ani. În cazul femeilor (N=6, 20.0%) a avut valori între 38 și 73 ani (mediana: 46) cu o medie de 49.33 ±12.2 ani. În cazul bărbaților (N=24, 80.0%) a avut valori între 24 și 87 ani (mediana: 55) cu o medie de 51.67 ±15.6 ani. Această diferență de 2.33 ani nu a fost semnificativă statistic (p=0.737) conform testului T pentru eșantioane cu varaiții egale.

Figure 1: Distrbuția varstei pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri. (| media, ¦ mediana).

Figure 1: Distrbuția varstei pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri. (| media, ¦ mediana).

Dintre cei 25 pacienți cu Tabac: yes (83.3%), 5 (20.0%) au avut Sexe: F față de 1 (20.0%) dintre cei 5 pacienți cu Tabac: no. Rezultă că pacienții cu Tabac: yes au un risc relativ de 1.000 [IC95% = 0.2 la 4.6 ] ori mai mic de a avea Sexe: F decât cei cu Tabac: no (phi=0.00, p=1.000 nesemnificativ statistic conform testului Chi²).

Table 12: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

vs. Tabac

Sexe

yes

no

(total)

F

5 (20.0%)

1 (20.0%)

6 (20.0%)

M

20 (80.0%)

4 (80.0%)

24 (80.0%)

(total)

25 (83.3%)

5 (16.7%)

30 (100%)

OR=1.00 [0.09, 11.03], phi=<0.01 (p=1.000)

Figure 2: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

Figure 3: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

Figure 4: Distribuția pe sexe la cele 2 grupuri.

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