In this vignette, I attempt to show the differences in how certain operations are performed using base R versus using Tidyverse packages dplyr and tidyr.
I will be using a dataset from Kaggle to demonstrate the differences in base R versus Tidyverse functions. This dataset provides information on 13 attributes of 1000 different camera models. It can be found at the following link; https://www.kaggle.com/crawford/1000-cameras-dataset/
Let’s start by loading the data.
# Load the required packages
library(readr)
library(tibble)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(tidyr)
# Read in the required dataset and look at its column names and first few rows
cameras<-read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Jagdish16/jagdish_r_repo/master/DATA607/camera_dataset.csv")
head(cameras)## Model Release.date Max.resolution Low.resolution
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1997 1024 640
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1998 1280 640
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 2000 640 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1999 1152 640
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1999 1152 640
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 2001 1600 640
## Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T. Normal.focus.range
## 1 0 38 114 70
## 2 1 38 114 50
## 3 0 45 45 0
## 4 0 35 35 0
## 5 0 43 43 50
## 6 1 51 51 50
## Macro.focus.range Storage.included Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions
## 1 40 4 420 95
## 2 0 4 420 158
## 3 0 2 0 0
## 4 0 4 0 0
## 5 0 40 300 128
## 6 20 8 270 119
## Price
## 1 179
## 2 179
## 3 179
## 4 269
## 5 1299
## 6 179colnames(cameras)## [1] "Model" "Release.date"
## [3] "Max.resolution" "Low.resolution"
## [5] "Effective.pixels" "Zoom.wide..W."
## [7] "Zoom.tele..T." "Normal.focus.range"
## [9] "Macro.focus.range" "Storage.included"
## [11] "Weight..inc..batteries." "Dimensions"
## [13] "Price"# In base R
head(cameras[, c("Model", "Max.resolution", "Low.resolution","Effective.pixels", "Price")]) # by variable name## Model Max.resolution Low.resolution Effective.pixels
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1024 640 0
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1280 640 1
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 640 0 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1152 640 0
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1152 640 0
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 1600 640 1
## Price
## 1 179
## 2 179
## 3 179
## 4 269
## 5 1299
## 6 179head(cameras[, c(1,3,4,5,13)]) # by column index## Model Max.resolution Low.resolution Effective.pixels
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1024 640 0
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1280 640 1
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 640 0 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1152 640 0
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1152 640 0
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 1600 640 1
## Price
## 1 179
## 2 179
## 3 179
## 4 269
## 5 1299
## 6 179# In tidyverse
head(select(cameras, Model,Max.resolution, Low.resolution,Effective.pixels, Price)) # by variable name## Model Max.resolution Low.resolution Effective.pixels
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1024 640 0
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1280 640 1
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 640 0 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1152 640 0
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1152 640 0
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 1600 640 1
## Price
## 1 179
## 2 179
## 3 179
## 4 269
## 5 1299
## 6 179head(select(cameras, 1,3,4,5,13)) # by column index## Model Max.resolution Low.resolution Effective.pixels
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1024 640 0
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1280 640 1
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 640 0 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1152 640 0
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1152 640 0
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 1600 640 1
## Price
## 1 179
## 2 179
## 3 179
## 4 269
## 5 1299
## 6 179# In base R
cameras$Average.resolution = (cameras$Max.resolution + cameras$Low.resolution)/2
head(cameras$Average.resolution)## [1] 832 960 320 896 896 1120# In tidyverse
head(mutate(cameras,
Average.resolution = ((cameras$Max.resolution+cameras$Low.resolution)/2)
))## Model Release.date Max.resolution Low.resolution
## 1 Agfa ePhoto 1280 1997 1024 640
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1998 1280 640
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 2000 640 0
## 4 Agfa ePhoto CL30 1999 1152 640
## 5 Agfa ePhoto CL30 Clik! 1999 1152 640
## 6 Agfa ePhoto CL45 2001 1600 640
## Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T. Normal.focus.range
## 1 0 38 114 70
## 2 1 38 114 50
## 3 0 45 45 0
## 4 0 35 35 0
## 5 0 43 43 50
## 6 1 51 51 50
## Macro.focus.range Storage.included Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions
## 1 40 4 420 95
## 2 0 4 420 158
## 3 0 2 0 0
## 4 0 4 0 0
## 5 0 40 300 128
## 6 20 8 270 119
## Price Average.resolution
## 1 179 832
## 2 179 960
## 3 179 320
## 4 269 896
## 5 1299 896
## 6 179 1120# In base R
# Using subset
subset(cameras, Weight..inc..batteries. < 400 & Release.date == "2005")## Model Release.date Max.resolution
## 19 Canon PowerShot A410 2005 2048
## 26 Canon PowerShot A510 2005 2048
## 27 Canon PowerShot A520 2005 2272
## 35 Canon PowerShot A610 2005 2592
## 36 Canon PowerShot A620 2005 3072
## 97 Canon PowerShot S80 2005 3264
## 104 Canon PowerShot SD30 2005 2592
## 107 Canon PowerShot SD400 2005 2592
## 108 Canon PowerShot SD430 Wireless 2005 2592
## 109 Canon PowerShot SD450 2005 2592
## 110 Canon PowerShot SD500 2005 3072
## 111 Canon PowerShot SD550 2005 3072
## 123 Casio Exilim EX-P505 2005 2560
## 129 Casio Exilim EX-S500 2005 2560
## 130 Casio Exilim EX-S600 2005 2816
## 135 Casio Exilim EX-Z10 2005 2560
## 139 Casio Exilim EX-Z110 2005 2816
## 140 Casio Exilim EX-Z120 2005 3072
## 148 Casio Exilim EX-Z500 2005 2560
## 150 Casio Exilim EX-Z57 2005 2560
## 155 Casio Exilim EX-Z750 2005 3072
## 230 Fujifilm FinePix A345 Zoom 2005 2304
## 231 Fujifilm FinePix A350 Zoom 2005 2592
## 243 Fujifilm FinePix E900 Zoom 2005 3488
## 244 Fujifilm FinePix F10 Zoom 2005 2848
## 245 Fujifilm FinePix F11 Zoom 2005 2848
## 283 Fujifilm FinePix Z1 2005 2592
## 285 Fujifilm FinePix Z2 2005 2592
## 321 HP Photosmart E317 2005 2560
## 324 HP Photosmart M22 2005 2320
## 325 HP Photosmart M23 2005 2320
## 328 HP Photosmart M417 2005 2576
## 331 HP Photosmart M517 2005 2576
## 339 HP Photosmart R717 2005 2864
## 343 HP Photosmart R817 2005 2592
## 344 HP Photosmart R818 2005 2592
## 350 Kodak C300 2005 2096
## 351 Kodak C310 2005 2336
## 352 Kodak C330 2005 2336
## 353 Kodak C340 2005 2576
## 354 Kodak C360 2005 2690
## 419 Kodak Easyshare One 2005 2304
## 435 Kodak V530 2005 2569
## 436 Kodak V550 2005 2569
## 444 Kodak Z700 2005 2304
## 447 Kodak Z730 2005 2576
## 448 Kodak Z740 2005 2576
## 450 Kodak Z760 2005 2872
## 474 Leica D-LUX 2 2005 3840
## 492 Nikon Coolpix 4600 2005 2288
## 497 Nikon Coolpix 5600 2005 2592
## 499 Nikon Coolpix 5900 2005 2592
## 502 Nikon Coolpix 7600 2005 3072
## 504 Nikon Coolpix 7900 2005 3072
## 516 Nikon Coolpix L1 2005 2816
## 527 Nikon Coolpix P1 2005 3264
## 528 Nikon Coolpix P2 2005 2592
## 534 Nikon Coolpix S1 2005 2592
## 536 Nikon Coolpix S2 2005 2592
## 538 Nikon Coolpix S3 2005 2816
## 539 Nikon Coolpix S4 2005 2816
## 592 Olympus C-5500 Sport Zoom 2005 2592
## 612 Olympus D-425 2005 2288
## 613 Olympus D-435 2005 2592
## 621 Olympus D-545 Zoom 2005 2288
## 624 Olympus D-595 Zoom 2005 2560
## 627 Olympus D-630 Zoom 2005 2560
## 639 Olympus FE-100 2005 2272
## 640 Olympus FE-110 2005 2560
## 642 Olympus FE-120 2005 2816
## 658 Olympus IR-300 2005 2560
## 661 Olympus SP-310 2005 3072
## 663 Olympus SP-350 2005 3264
## 664 Olympus SP-500 UZ 2005 2816
## 668 Olympus SP-700 2005 2816
## 673 Olympus Stylus 600 2005 2816
## 684 Olympus Stylus 800 2005 3264
## 689 Olympus Stylus Verve S 2005 2560
## 705 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX8 2005 2560
## 706 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX9 2005 2816
## 714 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ4 2005 2304
## 715 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ5 2005 2560
## 730 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LS1 2005 2304
## 734 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX1 2005 3840
## 736 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ1 2005 2304
## 737 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2 2005 2560
## 769 Pentax Optio 50 2005 2560
## 772 Pentax Optio 60 2005 2848
## 791 Pentax Optio S45 2005 2304
## 794 Pentax Optio S55 2005 2560
## 796 Pentax Optio S5n 2005 2560
## 797 Pentax Optio S5z 2005 2560
## 798 Pentax Optio S6 2005 2816
## 799 Pentax Optio S60 2005 2816
## 802 Pentax Optio SVi 2005 2560
## 809 Pentax Optio WP 2005 2560
## 810 Pentax Optio WPi 2005 2816
## 814 Ricoh Caplio R1V 2005 2560
## 815 Ricoh Caplio R2 2005 2560
## 816 Ricoh Caplio R3 2005 2560
## 823 Ricoh Caplio RR530 2005 2560
## 826 Ricoh GR Digital 2005 3264
## 828 Ricoh Caplio GX8 2005 3264
## 839 Samsung Digimax A50 2005 2592
## 840 Samsung Digimax A502 2005 2592
## 841 Samsung Digimax A55W 2005 2592
## 857 Samsung Digimax i5 2005 2595
## 891 Samsung Digimax V700 2005 3072
## 892 Samsung Digimax V800 2005 3264
## 932 Sony DSC-M2 2005 2592
## 933 Sony DSC-N1 2005 3264
## 941 Sony DSC-P200 2005 3072
## 961 Sony DSC-S40 2005 2304
## 963 Sony DSC-S60 2005 2304
## 971 Sony DSC-S90 2005 2304
## 980 Sony DSC-T33 2005 2592
## 981 Sony DSC-T5 2005 2592
## 983 Sony DSC-T7 2005 2592
## 984 Sony DSC-T9 2005 2816
## 998 Sony DSC-W5 2005 2592
## 1001 Sony DSC-W7 2005 3072
## Low.resolution Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T.
## 19 1600 3 41 131
## 26 1600 3 35 140
## 27 1600 3 35 140
## 35 2592 5 35 140
## 36 3072 7 35 140
## 97 2592 8 28 100
## 104 2048 5 38 90
## 107 2048 5 35 105
## 108 2048 5 35 105
## 109 2048 5 35 105
## 110 2592 7 37 111
## 111 2592 7 37 111
## 123 2048 4 38 190
## 129 2304 4 38 114
## 130 2304 6 38 114
## 135 2304 5 35 114
## 139 2304 6 35 114
## 140 2560 7 38 114
## 148 2304 5 38 114
## 150 2048 4 35 105
## 155 2304 7 38 114
## 230 2048 4 35 105
## 231 2048 5 35 105
## 243 2592 9 32 128
## 244 2048 6 36 108
## 245 2048 6 36 108
## 283 2048 5 36 108
## 285 2048 5 36 108
## 321 2048 5 35 35
## 324 1600 4 36 36
## 325 1600 4 36 36
## 328 2048 5 36 108
## 331 2048 5 36 108
## 339 2592 6 39 117
## 343 2048 5 36 180
## 344 2048 5 36 180
## 350 0 3 37 37
## 351 2313 4 35 35
## 352 2304 4 34 102
## 353 0 5 34 102
## 354 2569 5 34 102
## 419 0 4 36 100
## 435 2576 5 36 108
## 436 2576 5 36 108
## 444 0 4 35 175
## 447 2304 5 33 132
## 448 2304 5 38 380
## 450 2856 6 39 117
## 474 3072 8 28 112
## 492 1600 3 34 102
## 497 2048 5 34 102
## 499 2048 5 38 114
## 502 2592 7 38 114
## 504 2592 7 38 114
## 516 2048 6 38 190
## 527 2592 8 35 126
## 528 2048 5 35 126
## 534 2048 5 35 105
## 536 2048 5 35 105
## 538 2048 6 35 105
## 539 2048 6 38 380
## 592 2288 5 38 190
## 612 1600 3 37 37
## 613 1600 5 36 35
## 621 1600 3 38 114
## 624 1600 4 38 114
## 627 1600 4 35 105
## 639 1600 4 35 106
## 640 1600 5 35 106
## 642 1600 6 38 114
## 658 2048 4 38 114
## 661 2592 7 38 114
## 663 2592 8 38 114
## 664 2592 6 38 380
## 668 2288 6 38 114
## 673 2560 6 35 105
## 684 2560 8 38 114
## 689 2048 4 35 70
## 705 2560 5 35 105
## 706 2048 6 35 105
## 714 1600 4 35 420
## 715 2048 4 36 432
## 730 1600 4 35 105
## 734 3072 8 28 112
## 736 1600 4 37 222
## 737 2048 5 37 222
## 769 2048 4 32 96
## 772 2272 6 36 108
## 791 1600 4 35 107
## 794 2304 5 35 107
## 796 2304 4 35 107
## 797 2304 5 35 107
## 798 2560 6 37 112
## 799 2560 6 35 106
## 802 2048 5 36 180
## 809 2304 4 38 114
## 810 2560 6 38 114
## 814 2048 4 28 135
## 815 2048 4 28 135
## 816 2048 4 28 200
## 823 2048 4 32 96
## 826 2592 8 28 28
## 828 2592 8 28 85
## 839 2272 5 35 105
## 840 2272 5 31 31
## 841 2272 5 28 135
## 857 2272 5 39 117
## 891 2816 7 38 114
## 892 2816 8 38 114
## 932 2048 5 38 114
## 933 2592 8 38 114
## 941 2592 7 38 114
## 961 2048 4 32 96
## 963 2048 4 39 117
## 971 2048 4 39 117
## 980 2048 5 38 114
## 981 2048 5 38 114
## 983 2048 5 38 114
## 984 2048 6 38 114
## 998 2048 5 38 114
## 1001 2592 7 38 114
## Normal.focus.range Macro.focus.range Storage.included
## 19 0 1 16
## 26 0 5 16
## 27 0 5 16
## 35 0 1 16
## 36 0 1 32
## 97 50 4 32
## 104 0 10 16
## 107 0 3 16
## 108 0 3 16
## 109 0 3 16
## 110 0 5 32
## 111 0 5 32
## 123 40 1 7
## 129 40 17 8
## 130 40 15 8
## 135 40 6 8
## 139 40 6 8
## 140 50 10 8
## 148 40 17 8
## 150 40 6 9
## 155 40 10 9
## 230 60 6 16
## 231 60 6 16
## 243 60 7 16
## 244 60 8 16
## 245 60 5 16
## 283 60 8 16
## 285 60 8 16
## 321 60 10 16
## 324 0 0 16
## 325 0 10 16
## 328 50 12 16
## 331 80 12 16
## 339 50 10 32
## 343 20 3 32
## 344 20 1 32
## 350 80 0 16
## 351 85 85 16
## 352 60 13 16
## 353 60 13 16
## 354 60 7 32
## 419 60 10 256
## 435 60 7 16
## 436 60 7 32
## 444 60 10 16
## 447 50 10 32
## 448 60 12 32
## 450 60 7 32
## 474 50 5 32
## 492 30 4 14
## 497 30 4 14
## 499 30 4 13
## 502 30 4 14
## 504 30 4 13
## 516 50 4 10
## 527 50 4 32
## 528 50 4 16
## 534 30 4 12
## 536 30 4 12
## 538 30 4 12
## 539 30 6 13
## 592 60 8 16
## 612 50 20 14
## 613 50 20 0
## 621 50 2 14
## 624 50 2 14
## 627 60 10 14
## 639 50 5 28
## 640 50 5 28
## 642 50 5 14
## 658 50 5 15
## 661 20 5 32
## 663 20 5 32
## 664 60 3 10
## 668 30 10 11
## 673 50 7 8
## 684 50 3 19
## 689 50 8 16
## 705 50 5 16
## 706 50 5 16
## 714 50 5 8
## 715 50 5 16
## 730 50 5 14
## 734 50 5 32
## 736 50 5 14
## 737 50 5 14
## 769 50 6 12
## 772 50 5 12
## 791 40 6 11
## 794 40 6 11
## 796 40 6 9
## 797 40 6 9
## 798 40 15 23
## 799 40 6 11
## 802 60 3 32
## 809 40 1 10
## 810 40 1 10
## 814 30 1 12
## 815 30 1 28
## 816 30 1 26
## 823 30 1 12
## 826 30 2 26
## 828 30 1 26
## 839 80 5 11
## 840 100 2 16
## 841 60 1 32
## 857 50 5 50
## 891 80 4 128
## 892 80 4 32
## 932 50 1 32
## 933 50 6 32
## 941 50 6 32
## 961 0 0 32
## 963 50 10 32
## 971 50 10 32
## 980 50 8 32
## 981 50 8 32
## 983 50 8 32
## 984 50 1 32
## 998 50 6 32
## 1001 50 6 32
## Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions Price Average.resolution
## 19 195 103 139 1824.0
## 26 230 91 139 1824.0
## 27 230 91 149 1936.0
## 35 285 105 139 2592.0
## 36 285 105 139 3072.0
## 97 290 104 399 2928.0
## 104 120 96 199 2320.0
## 107 150 86 199 2320.0
## 108 185 99 199 2320.0
## 109 155 86 199 2320.0
## 110 200 90 199 2832.0
## 111 185 90 199 2832.0
## 123 275 99 249 2304.0
## 129 125 90 249 2432.0
## 130 155 90 249 2560.0
## 135 154 90 329 2432.0
## 139 151 90 329 2560.0
## 140 154 90 329 2816.0
## 148 127 89 329 2432.0
## 150 175 89 199 2304.0
## 155 165 89 329 2688.0
## 230 192 90 169 2176.0
## 231 192 90 169 2320.0
## 243 260 102 169 3040.0
## 244 190 92 179 2448.0
## 245 190 92 199 2448.0
## 283 170 90 179 2320.0
## 285 170 90 179 2320.0
## 321 231 95 179 2304.0
## 324 172 109 179 1960.0
## 325 172 109 179 1960.0
## 328 181 96 179 2312.0
## 331 190 97 179 2312.0
## 339 150 93 179 2728.0
## 343 205 100 179 2320.0
## 344 200 96 179 2320.0
## 350 198 104 129 1048.0
## 351 154 103 129 2324.5
## 352 180 91 129 2320.0
## 353 198 92 129 1288.0
## 354 170 84 129 2629.5
## 419 275 103 296 1152.0
## 435 150 92 126 2572.5
## 436 160 94 126 2572.5
## 444 270 97 126 1152.0
## 447 270 100 126 2440.0
## 448 330 98 126 2440.0
## 450 259 100 126 2864.0
## 474 220 106 509 3456.0
## 492 180 85 229 1944.0
## 497 180 85 229 2320.0
## 499 185 88 229 2320.0
## 502 195 85 229 2832.0
## 504 185 88 229 2832.0
## 516 195 90 99 2432.0
## 527 185 91 99 2928.0
## 528 185 91 229 2320.0
## 534 170 90 99 2320.0
## 536 160 92 199 2320.0
## 538 132 90 199 2432.0
## 539 225 112 199 2432.0
## 592 340 110 129 2440.0
## 612 170 101 1699 1944.0
## 613 140 101 1699 2096.0
## 621 190 106 449 1944.0
## 624 190 105 449 2080.0
## 627 175 94 129 2080.0
## 639 160 88 129 1936.0
## 640 160 88 129 2080.0
## 642 160 106 129 2208.0
## 658 160 99 129 2304.0
## 661 230 100 449 2832.0
## 663 245 100 449 2928.0
## 664 385 106 449 2704.0
## 668 180 98 449 2552.0
## 673 195 97 229 2688.0
## 684 200 103 249 2912.0
## 689 165 95 299 2304.0
## 705 155 94 1499 2560.0
## 706 155 94 1499 2432.0
## 714 326 102 149 1952.0
## 715 326 108 149 2304.0
## 730 188 94 1499 1952.0
## 734 220 106 1499 3456.0
## 736 224 101 149 1952.0
## 737 224 101 149 2304.0
## 769 180 91 149 2304.0
## 772 200 91 149 2560.0
## 791 155 89 149 1952.0
## 794 155 89 149 2432.0
## 796 120 84 149 2432.0
## 797 120 83 149 2432.0
## 798 120 86 149 2688.0
## 799 135 89 149 2688.0
## 802 165 91 149 2304.0
## 809 135 102 269 2432.0
## 810 135 102 269 2688.0
## 814 195 100 99 2304.0
## 815 195 100 99 2304.0
## 816 165 95 99 2304.0
## 823 190 91 399 2304.0
## 826 200 107 4999 2928.0
## 828 260 114 99 2928.0
## 839 185 107 229 2432.0
## 840 175 97 229 2432.0
## 841 185 106 229 2432.0
## 857 155 90 229 2433.5
## 891 220 106 229 2944.0
## 892 220 106 229 3040.0
## 932 240 51 399 2320.0
## 933 139 94 429 2928.0
## 941 180 104 399 2832.0
## 961 184 99 149 2176.0
## 963 249 97 149 2176.0
## 971 253 97 149 2176.0
## 980 150 99 399 2320.0
## 981 139 94 399 2320.0
## 983 134 92 149 2320.0
## 984 185 90 429 2432.0
## 998 250 91 429 2320.0
## 1001 250 91 149 2832.0# Using [,]
#cameras[Weight..inc..batteries. < 400 & Release.date == "2005", ]
# In tidyverse
filter(cameras, Weight..inc..batteries. < 400 & Release.date == "2005")## Model Release.date Max.resolution
## 1 Canon PowerShot A410 2005 2048
## 2 Canon PowerShot A510 2005 2048
## 3 Canon PowerShot A520 2005 2272
## 4 Canon PowerShot A610 2005 2592
## 5 Canon PowerShot A620 2005 3072
## 6 Canon PowerShot S80 2005 3264
## 7 Canon PowerShot SD30 2005 2592
## 8 Canon PowerShot SD400 2005 2592
## 9 Canon PowerShot SD430 Wireless 2005 2592
## 10 Canon PowerShot SD450 2005 2592
## 11 Canon PowerShot SD500 2005 3072
## 12 Canon PowerShot SD550 2005 3072
## 13 Casio Exilim EX-P505 2005 2560
## 14 Casio Exilim EX-S500 2005 2560
## 15 Casio Exilim EX-S600 2005 2816
## 16 Casio Exilim EX-Z10 2005 2560
## 17 Casio Exilim EX-Z110 2005 2816
## 18 Casio Exilim EX-Z120 2005 3072
## 19 Casio Exilim EX-Z500 2005 2560
## 20 Casio Exilim EX-Z57 2005 2560
## 21 Casio Exilim EX-Z750 2005 3072
## 22 Fujifilm FinePix A345 Zoom 2005 2304
## 23 Fujifilm FinePix A350 Zoom 2005 2592
## 24 Fujifilm FinePix E900 Zoom 2005 3488
## 25 Fujifilm FinePix F10 Zoom 2005 2848
## 26 Fujifilm FinePix F11 Zoom 2005 2848
## 27 Fujifilm FinePix Z1 2005 2592
## 28 Fujifilm FinePix Z2 2005 2592
## 29 HP Photosmart E317 2005 2560
## 30 HP Photosmart M22 2005 2320
## 31 HP Photosmart M23 2005 2320
## 32 HP Photosmart M417 2005 2576
## 33 HP Photosmart M517 2005 2576
## 34 HP Photosmart R717 2005 2864
## 35 HP Photosmart R817 2005 2592
## 36 HP Photosmart R818 2005 2592
## 37 Kodak C300 2005 2096
## 38 Kodak C310 2005 2336
## 39 Kodak C330 2005 2336
## 40 Kodak C340 2005 2576
## 41 Kodak C360 2005 2690
## 42 Kodak Easyshare One 2005 2304
## 43 Kodak V530 2005 2569
## 44 Kodak V550 2005 2569
## 45 Kodak Z700 2005 2304
## 46 Kodak Z730 2005 2576
## 47 Kodak Z740 2005 2576
## 48 Kodak Z760 2005 2872
## 49 Leica D-LUX 2 2005 3840
## 50 Nikon Coolpix 4600 2005 2288
## 51 Nikon Coolpix 5600 2005 2592
## 52 Nikon Coolpix 5900 2005 2592
## 53 Nikon Coolpix 7600 2005 3072
## 54 Nikon Coolpix 7900 2005 3072
## 55 Nikon Coolpix L1 2005 2816
## 56 Nikon Coolpix P1 2005 3264
## 57 Nikon Coolpix P2 2005 2592
## 58 Nikon Coolpix S1 2005 2592
## 59 Nikon Coolpix S2 2005 2592
## 60 Nikon Coolpix S3 2005 2816
## 61 Nikon Coolpix S4 2005 2816
## 62 Olympus C-5500 Sport Zoom 2005 2592
## 63 Olympus D-425 2005 2288
## 64 Olympus D-435 2005 2592
## 65 Olympus D-545 Zoom 2005 2288
## 66 Olympus D-595 Zoom 2005 2560
## 67 Olympus D-630 Zoom 2005 2560
## 68 Olympus FE-100 2005 2272
## 69 Olympus FE-110 2005 2560
## 70 Olympus FE-120 2005 2816
## 71 Olympus IR-300 2005 2560
## 72 Olympus SP-310 2005 3072
## 73 Olympus SP-350 2005 3264
## 74 Olympus SP-500 UZ 2005 2816
## 75 Olympus SP-700 2005 2816
## 76 Olympus Stylus 600 2005 2816
## 77 Olympus Stylus 800 2005 3264
## 78 Olympus Stylus Verve S 2005 2560
## 79 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX8 2005 2560
## 80 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX9 2005 2816
## 81 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ4 2005 2304
## 82 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ5 2005 2560
## 83 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LS1 2005 2304
## 84 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX1 2005 3840
## 85 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ1 2005 2304
## 86 Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2 2005 2560
## 87 Pentax Optio 50 2005 2560
## 88 Pentax Optio 60 2005 2848
## 89 Pentax Optio S45 2005 2304
## 90 Pentax Optio S55 2005 2560
## 91 Pentax Optio S5n 2005 2560
## 92 Pentax Optio S5z 2005 2560
## 93 Pentax Optio S6 2005 2816
## 94 Pentax Optio S60 2005 2816
## 95 Pentax Optio SVi 2005 2560
## 96 Pentax Optio WP 2005 2560
## 97 Pentax Optio WPi 2005 2816
## 98 Ricoh Caplio R1V 2005 2560
## 99 Ricoh Caplio R2 2005 2560
## 100 Ricoh Caplio R3 2005 2560
## 101 Ricoh Caplio RR530 2005 2560
## 102 Ricoh GR Digital 2005 3264
## 103 Ricoh Caplio GX8 2005 3264
## 104 Samsung Digimax A50 2005 2592
## 105 Samsung Digimax A502 2005 2592
## 106 Samsung Digimax A55W 2005 2592
## 107 Samsung Digimax i5 2005 2595
## 108 Samsung Digimax V700 2005 3072
## 109 Samsung Digimax V800 2005 3264
## 110 Sony DSC-M2 2005 2592
## 111 Sony DSC-N1 2005 3264
## 112 Sony DSC-P200 2005 3072
## 113 Sony DSC-S40 2005 2304
## 114 Sony DSC-S60 2005 2304
## 115 Sony DSC-S90 2005 2304
## 116 Sony DSC-T33 2005 2592
## 117 Sony DSC-T5 2005 2592
## 118 Sony DSC-T7 2005 2592
## 119 Sony DSC-T9 2005 2816
## 120 Sony DSC-W5 2005 2592
## 121 Sony DSC-W7 2005 3072
## Low.resolution Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T.
## 1 1600 3 41 131
## 2 1600 3 35 140
## 3 1600 3 35 140
## 4 2592 5 35 140
## 5 3072 7 35 140
## 6 2592 8 28 100
## 7 2048 5 38 90
## 8 2048 5 35 105
## 9 2048 5 35 105
## 10 2048 5 35 105
## 11 2592 7 37 111
## 12 2592 7 37 111
## 13 2048 4 38 190
## 14 2304 4 38 114
## 15 2304 6 38 114
## 16 2304 5 35 114
## 17 2304 6 35 114
## 18 2560 7 38 114
## 19 2304 5 38 114
## 20 2048 4 35 105
## 21 2304 7 38 114
## 22 2048 4 35 105
## 23 2048 5 35 105
## 24 2592 9 32 128
## 25 2048 6 36 108
## 26 2048 6 36 108
## 27 2048 5 36 108
## 28 2048 5 36 108
## 29 2048 5 35 35
## 30 1600 4 36 36
## 31 1600 4 36 36
## 32 2048 5 36 108
## 33 2048 5 36 108
## 34 2592 6 39 117
## 35 2048 5 36 180
## 36 2048 5 36 180
## 37 0 3 37 37
## 38 2313 4 35 35
## 39 2304 4 34 102
## 40 0 5 34 102
## 41 2569 5 34 102
## 42 0 4 36 100
## 43 2576 5 36 108
## 44 2576 5 36 108
## 45 0 4 35 175
## 46 2304 5 33 132
## 47 2304 5 38 380
## 48 2856 6 39 117
## 49 3072 8 28 112
## 50 1600 3 34 102
## 51 2048 5 34 102
## 52 2048 5 38 114
## 53 2592 7 38 114
## 54 2592 7 38 114
## 55 2048 6 38 190
## 56 2592 8 35 126
## 57 2048 5 35 126
## 58 2048 5 35 105
## 59 2048 5 35 105
## 60 2048 6 35 105
## 61 2048 6 38 380
## 62 2288 5 38 190
## 63 1600 3 37 37
## 64 1600 5 36 35
## 65 1600 3 38 114
## 66 1600 4 38 114
## 67 1600 4 35 105
## 68 1600 4 35 106
## 69 1600 5 35 106
## 70 1600 6 38 114
## 71 2048 4 38 114
## 72 2592 7 38 114
## 73 2592 8 38 114
## 74 2592 6 38 380
## 75 2288 6 38 114
## 76 2560 6 35 105
## 77 2560 8 38 114
## 78 2048 4 35 70
## 79 2560 5 35 105
## 80 2048 6 35 105
## 81 1600 4 35 420
## 82 2048 4 36 432
## 83 1600 4 35 105
## 84 3072 8 28 112
## 85 1600 4 37 222
## 86 2048 5 37 222
## 87 2048 4 32 96
## 88 2272 6 36 108
## 89 1600 4 35 107
## 90 2304 5 35 107
## 91 2304 4 35 107
## 92 2304 5 35 107
## 93 2560 6 37 112
## 94 2560 6 35 106
## 95 2048 5 36 180
## 96 2304 4 38 114
## 97 2560 6 38 114
## 98 2048 4 28 135
## 99 2048 4 28 135
## 100 2048 4 28 200
## 101 2048 4 32 96
## 102 2592 8 28 28
## 103 2592 8 28 85
## 104 2272 5 35 105
## 105 2272 5 31 31
## 106 2272 5 28 135
## 107 2272 5 39 117
## 108 2816 7 38 114
## 109 2816 8 38 114
## 110 2048 5 38 114
## 111 2592 8 38 114
## 112 2592 7 38 114
## 113 2048 4 32 96
## 114 2048 4 39 117
## 115 2048 4 39 117
## 116 2048 5 38 114
## 117 2048 5 38 114
## 118 2048 5 38 114
## 119 2048 6 38 114
## 120 2048 5 38 114
## 121 2592 7 38 114
## Normal.focus.range Macro.focus.range Storage.included
## 1 0 1 16
## 2 0 5 16
## 3 0 5 16
## 4 0 1 16
## 5 0 1 32
## 6 50 4 32
## 7 0 10 16
## 8 0 3 16
## 9 0 3 16
## 10 0 3 16
## 11 0 5 32
## 12 0 5 32
## 13 40 1 7
## 14 40 17 8
## 15 40 15 8
## 16 40 6 8
## 17 40 6 8
## 18 50 10 8
## 19 40 17 8
## 20 40 6 9
## 21 40 10 9
## 22 60 6 16
## 23 60 6 16
## 24 60 7 16
## 25 60 8 16
## 26 60 5 16
## 27 60 8 16
## 28 60 8 16
## 29 60 10 16
## 30 0 0 16
## 31 0 10 16
## 32 50 12 16
## 33 80 12 16
## 34 50 10 32
## 35 20 3 32
## 36 20 1 32
## 37 80 0 16
## 38 85 85 16
## 39 60 13 16
## 40 60 13 16
## 41 60 7 32
## 42 60 10 256
## 43 60 7 16
## 44 60 7 32
## 45 60 10 16
## 46 50 10 32
## 47 60 12 32
## 48 60 7 32
## 49 50 5 32
## 50 30 4 14
## 51 30 4 14
## 52 30 4 13
## 53 30 4 14
## 54 30 4 13
## 55 50 4 10
## 56 50 4 32
## 57 50 4 16
## 58 30 4 12
## 59 30 4 12
## 60 30 4 12
## 61 30 6 13
## 62 60 8 16
## 63 50 20 14
## 64 50 20 0
## 65 50 2 14
## 66 50 2 14
## 67 60 10 14
## 68 50 5 28
## 69 50 5 28
## 70 50 5 14
## 71 50 5 15
## 72 20 5 32
## 73 20 5 32
## 74 60 3 10
## 75 30 10 11
## 76 50 7 8
## 77 50 3 19
## 78 50 8 16
## 79 50 5 16
## 80 50 5 16
## 81 50 5 8
## 82 50 5 16
## 83 50 5 14
## 84 50 5 32
## 85 50 5 14
## 86 50 5 14
## 87 50 6 12
## 88 50 5 12
## 89 40 6 11
## 90 40 6 11
## 91 40 6 9
## 92 40 6 9
## 93 40 15 23
## 94 40 6 11
## 95 60 3 32
## 96 40 1 10
## 97 40 1 10
## 98 30 1 12
## 99 30 1 28
## 100 30 1 26
## 101 30 1 12
## 102 30 2 26
## 103 30 1 26
## 104 80 5 11
## 105 100 2 16
## 106 60 1 32
## 107 50 5 50
## 108 80 4 128
## 109 80 4 32
## 110 50 1 32
## 111 50 6 32
## 112 50 6 32
## 113 0 0 32
## 114 50 10 32
## 115 50 10 32
## 116 50 8 32
## 117 50 8 32
## 118 50 8 32
## 119 50 1 32
## 120 50 6 32
## 121 50 6 32
## Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions Price Average.resolution
## 1 195 103 139 1824.0
## 2 230 91 139 1824.0
## 3 230 91 149 1936.0
## 4 285 105 139 2592.0
## 5 285 105 139 3072.0
## 6 290 104 399 2928.0
## 7 120 96 199 2320.0
## 8 150 86 199 2320.0
## 9 185 99 199 2320.0
## 10 155 86 199 2320.0
## 11 200 90 199 2832.0
## 12 185 90 199 2832.0
## 13 275 99 249 2304.0
## 14 125 90 249 2432.0
## 15 155 90 249 2560.0
## 16 154 90 329 2432.0
## 17 151 90 329 2560.0
## 18 154 90 329 2816.0
## 19 127 89 329 2432.0
## 20 175 89 199 2304.0
## 21 165 89 329 2688.0
## 22 192 90 169 2176.0
## 23 192 90 169 2320.0
## 24 260 102 169 3040.0
## 25 190 92 179 2448.0
## 26 190 92 199 2448.0
## 27 170 90 179 2320.0
## 28 170 90 179 2320.0
## 29 231 95 179 2304.0
## 30 172 109 179 1960.0
## 31 172 109 179 1960.0
## 32 181 96 179 2312.0
## 33 190 97 179 2312.0
## 34 150 93 179 2728.0
## 35 205 100 179 2320.0
## 36 200 96 179 2320.0
## 37 198 104 129 1048.0
## 38 154 103 129 2324.5
## 39 180 91 129 2320.0
## 40 198 92 129 1288.0
## 41 170 84 129 2629.5
## 42 275 103 296 1152.0
## 43 150 92 126 2572.5
## 44 160 94 126 2572.5
## 45 270 97 126 1152.0
## 46 270 100 126 2440.0
## 47 330 98 126 2440.0
## 48 259 100 126 2864.0
## 49 220 106 509 3456.0
## 50 180 85 229 1944.0
## 51 180 85 229 2320.0
## 52 185 88 229 2320.0
## 53 195 85 229 2832.0
## 54 185 88 229 2832.0
## 55 195 90 99 2432.0
## 56 185 91 99 2928.0
## 57 185 91 229 2320.0
## 58 170 90 99 2320.0
## 59 160 92 199 2320.0
## 60 132 90 199 2432.0
## 61 225 112 199 2432.0
## 62 340 110 129 2440.0
## 63 170 101 1699 1944.0
## 64 140 101 1699 2096.0
## 65 190 106 449 1944.0
## 66 190 105 449 2080.0
## 67 175 94 129 2080.0
## 68 160 88 129 1936.0
## 69 160 88 129 2080.0
## 70 160 106 129 2208.0
## 71 160 99 129 2304.0
## 72 230 100 449 2832.0
## 73 245 100 449 2928.0
## 74 385 106 449 2704.0
## 75 180 98 449 2552.0
## 76 195 97 229 2688.0
## 77 200 103 249 2912.0
## 78 165 95 299 2304.0
## 79 155 94 1499 2560.0
## 80 155 94 1499 2432.0
## 81 326 102 149 1952.0
## 82 326 108 149 2304.0
## 83 188 94 1499 1952.0
## 84 220 106 1499 3456.0
## 85 224 101 149 1952.0
## 86 224 101 149 2304.0
## 87 180 91 149 2304.0
## 88 200 91 149 2560.0
## 89 155 89 149 1952.0
## 90 155 89 149 2432.0
## 91 120 84 149 2432.0
## 92 120 83 149 2432.0
## 93 120 86 149 2688.0
## 94 135 89 149 2688.0
## 95 165 91 149 2304.0
## 96 135 102 269 2432.0
## 97 135 102 269 2688.0
## 98 195 100 99 2304.0
## 99 195 100 99 2304.0
## 100 165 95 99 2304.0
## 101 190 91 399 2304.0
## 102 200 107 4999 2928.0
## 103 260 114 99 2928.0
## 104 185 107 229 2432.0
## 105 175 97 229 2432.0
## 106 185 106 229 2432.0
## 107 155 90 229 2433.5
## 108 220 106 229 2944.0
## 109 220 106 229 3040.0
## 110 240 51 399 2320.0
## 111 139 94 429 2928.0
## 112 180 104 399 2832.0
## 113 184 99 149 2176.0
## 114 249 97 149 2176.0
## 115 253 97 149 2176.0
## 116 150 99 399 2320.0
## 117 139 94 399 2320.0
## 118 134 92 149 2320.0
## 119 185 90 429 2432.0
## 120 250 91 429 2320.0
## 121 250 91 149 2832.0# In base R
# descending order of price
head(cameras[order(rev(cameras$Price)),])## Model Release.date Max.resolution Low.resolution
## 690 Panasonic Lumix DMC-F7 2001 1600 800
## 691 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX01 2006 2816 2048
## 135 Casio Exilim EX-Z10 2005 2560 2304
## 136 Casio Exilim EX-Z1000 2006 3648 2560
## 2 Agfa ePhoto 1680 1998 1280 640
## 3 Agfa ePhoto CL18 2000 640 0
## Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T. Normal.focus.range
## 690 1 35 70 50
## 691 6 28 102 50
## 135 5 35 114 40
## 136 10 38 114 40
## 2 1 38 114 50
## 3 0 45 45 0
## Macro.focus.range Storage.included Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions
## 690 10 8 200 104
## 691 5 16 155 94
## 135 6 8 154 90
## 136 6 8 185 92
## 2 0 4 420 158
## 3 0 2 0 0
## Price Average.resolution
## 690 1499 1200
## 691 1499 2432
## 135 329 2432
## 136 329 3104
## 2 179 960
## 3 179 320# In tidyverse
# descending order of species
head(arrange(cameras, desc(Price)))## Model Release.date Max.resolution Low.resolution
## 1 Canon EOS-1Ds 2002 4064 2032
## 2 Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II 2004 4992 3600
## 3 Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III 2007 5616 4992
## 4 Nikon D3 2007 4256 3184
## 5 Ricoh GR Digital 2005 3264 2592
## 6 Ricoh RDC-i500 2001 2048 1024
## Effective.pixels Zoom.wide..W. Zoom.tele..T. Normal.focus.range
## 1 11 0 0 0
## 2 16 0 0 0
## 3 21 0 0 0
## 4 12 0 0 0
## 5 8 28 28 30
## 6 3 35 105 24
## Macro.focus.range Storage.included Weight..inc..batteries. Dimensions
## 1 0 0 1585 156
## 2 0 0 1565 156
## 3 0 0 1385 150
## 4 0 0 1300 160
## 5 2 26 200 107
## 6 1 8 320 142
## Price Average.resolution
## 1 7999 3048
## 2 7999 4296
## 3 7999 5304
## 4 4999 3720
## 5 4999 2928
## 6 4999 1536# In base R
data.frame(Price.mean = mean(cameras$Price),
Price.sd = sd(cameras$Price)
)## Price.mean Price.sd
## 1 457.3844 760.4529# In tidyverse
summarise(cameras,
Petal.Length.mean = mean(Price),
Petal.Length.sd = sd(Price),
)## Petal.Length.mean Petal.Length.sd
## 1 457.3844 760.4529The above examples illustrate the differences in how certain common operations in data wrangling are carried out in tidyverse vis-a-vis base R. Hope this vignette helps demonstrate the difference in the 2 approaches.