Guía Práctica 2
Alisson Samaria Vaquerano Morales
VM17011 Econometría GT02
Ejercicio 1
Cargar datos
## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 3.5.3
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(readr)
ejemploregresion <- read_csv("C:/Users/mauro/Desktop/Econometria/ejemplo_regresion (1).csv")
## Parsed with column specification:
## cols(
## X1 = col_double(),
## X2 = col_double(),
## Y = col_double()
## )
head(ejemploregresion,n = 6)
## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## X1 X2 Y
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 3.92 7298 0.75
## 2 3.61 6855 0.71
## 3 3.32 6636 0.66
## 4 3.07 6506 0.61
## 5 3.06 6450 0.7
## 6 3.11 6402 0.72
Ejemplo de regresión lineal
##
## Please cite as:
## Hlavac, Marek (2018). stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables.
## R package version 5.2.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazer
options(scipen = 9999)
modelolineal<-lm(formula = Y~X1+X2,data = ejemploregresion)
summary(modelolineal)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Y ~ X1 + X2, data = ejemploregresion)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.085090 -0.039102 -0.003341 0.030236 0.105692
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.56449677 0.07939598 19.705 0.00000000000000182 ***
## X1 0.23719747 0.05555937 4.269 0.000313 ***
## X2 -0.00024908 0.00003205 -7.772 0.00000009508790794 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.0533 on 22 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.8653, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8531
## F-statistic: 70.66 on 2 and 22 DF, p-value: 0.000000000265
stargazer(modelolineal,title = "Ejemplo de Regresión Multiple",type = "text",digits = 8)
##
## Ejemplo de Regresión Multiple
## ===============================================
## Dependent variable:
## ---------------------------
## Y
## -----------------------------------------------
## X1 0.23719750***
## (0.05555937)
##
## X2 -0.00024908***
## (0.00003205)
##
## Constant 1.56449700***
## (0.07939598)
##
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations 25
## R2 0.86529610
## Adjusted R2 0.85305030
## Residual Std. Error 0.05330222 (df = 22)
## F Statistic 70.66057000*** (df = 2; 22)
## ===============================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Objetos dentro del modelo lineal
Vector de Coeficientes estimados \(\hat{\beta}\)
options(scipen = 999)
modelolineal$coefficients
## (Intercept) X1 X2
## 1.5644967711 0.2371974748 -0.0002490793
Matriz de Varianza - Covarianza de los parametros V[\(\beta\)]
varcovarianza <- vcov(modelolineal)
print(varcovarianza)
## (Intercept) X1 X2
## (Intercept) 0.0063037218732 0.000240996434 -0.000000982806321
## X1 0.0002409964344 0.003086843196 -0.000001675537651
## X2 -0.0000009828063 -0.000001675538 0.000000001027106
Intervalos de confianza
confint(object = modelolineal, level = .95)
## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 1.3998395835 1.7291539588
## X1 0.1219744012 0.3524205485
## X2 -0.0003155438 -0.0001826148
Valores Ajustados \(\hat{Y}\)
plot(modelolineal$fitted.values, main = "Valores Ajustados", ylab = "Y", xlab = "casos")
modelolineal$fitted.values %>% as.matrix()
## [,1]
## 1 0.6765303
## 2 0.7133412
## 3 0.6991023
## 4 0.6721832
## 5 0.6837597
## 6 0.7075753
## 7 0.7397638
## 8 0.7585979
## 9 0.7943078
## 10 0.7935605
## 11 0.7984347
## 12 0.8272778
## 13 0.8021665
## 14 0.7992462
## 15 0.7544349
## 16 0.7339716
## 17 0.7048866
## 18 0.6930338
## 19 0.6350898
## 20 0.6127185
## 21 0.5701215
## 22 0.4796371
## 23 0.4374811
## 24 0.3953981
## 25 0.3773799
Residuos del Modelo \(\hat{\epsilon}\)
plot(modelolineal$residuals, main = "Residuos", ylab = "Residuos", xlab = "casos")
modelolineal$residuals %>% matrix()
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.073469743
## [2,] -0.003341163
## [3,] -0.039102258
## [4,] -0.062183196
## [5,] 0.016240338
## [6,] 0.012424659
## [7,] 0.030236216
## [8,] -0.018597878
## [9,] 0.105692240
## [10,] 0.026439478
## [11,] -0.048434733
## [12,] -0.057277771
## [13,] -0.022166535
## [14,] 0.040753758
## [15,] 0.035565142
## [16,] -0.033971640
## [17,] -0.024886579
## [18,] 0.026966239
## [19,] -0.085089833
## [20,] 0.017281530
## [21,] -0.010121525
## [22,] -0.069637086
## [23,] 0.072518915
## [24,] 0.074601871
## [25,] -0.057379932
Ejercicio 2
Cargar datos
ejemplo2 <- read_csv("C:/Users/mauro/Desktop/Econometria/prac2.csv")
## Parsed with column specification:
## cols(
## X1 = col_double(),
## X2 = col_double(),
## X3 = col_double(),
## Y = col_double()
## )
## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## X1 X2 X3 Y
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 50 7.4 370 320
## 2 53 5.1 270. 450
## 3 60 4.2 252 370
## 4 63 3.9 246. 470
## 5 69 1.4 96.6 420
## 6 82 2.2 180. 500
Segundo ejemplo de regresión lineal
options(scipen = 9999)
modelo2<-lm(formula = Y~X1+X2+X3,data = ejemplo2)
summary(modelo2)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Y ~ X1 + X2 + X3, data = ejemplo2)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -108.527 -37.595 -2.745 52.292 102.808
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 303.50401 71.54695 4.242 0.000621 ***
## X1 2.32927 0.47698 4.883 0.000166 ***
## X2 -25.07113 11.48487 -2.183 0.044283 *
## X3 0.28617 0.07681 3.726 0.001840 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 67.68 on 16 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9634, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9566
## F-statistic: 140.4 on 3 and 16 DF, p-value: 0.00000000001054
stargazer(modelo2,title = "Ejemplo de Regresión Multiple",type = "text",digits = 8)
##
## Ejemplo de Regresión Multiple
## ================================================
## Dependent variable:
## ----------------------------
## Y
## ------------------------------------------------
## X1 2.32927500***
## (0.47698220)
##
## X2 -25.07113000**
## (11.48487000)
##
## X3 0.28616860***
## (0.07681293)
##
## Constant 303.50400000***
## (71.54695000)
##
## ------------------------------------------------
## Observations 20
## R2 0.96341370
## Adjusted R2 0.95655370
## Residual Std. Error 67.67775000 (df = 16)
## F Statistic 140.44060000*** (df = 3; 16)
## ================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Objetos dentro del modelo lineal
Vector de Coeficientes estimados \(\hat{\beta}\)
options(scipen = 999)
modelo2$coefficients
## (Intercept) X1 X2 X3
## 303.5040143 2.3292746 -25.0711288 0.2861686
Matriz de Varianza - Covarianza de los parametros V[\(\beta\)]
varcovarianza2 <- vcov(modelo2)
print(varcovarianza2)
## (Intercept) X1 X2 X3
## (Intercept) 5118.96645 -31.10997447 -722.8989902 4.493190281
## X1 -31.10997 0.22751204 4.5755139 -0.033223456
## X2 -722.89899 4.57551391 131.9021598 -0.822206343
## X3 4.49319 -0.03322346 -0.8222063 0.005900226
Intervalos de confianza
confint(object = modelo2, level = .95)
## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 151.8312499 455.1767786
## X1 1.3181175 3.3404318
## X2 -49.4179582 -0.7242993
## X3 0.1233324 0.4490047
Valores Ajustados \(\hat{Y}\)
plot(modelo2$fitted.values, main = "Valores Ajustados", ylab = "Y", xlab = "casos")
modelo2$fitted.values %>% as.matrix()
## [,1]
## 1 340.3238
## 2 376.4442
## 3 410.0762
## 4 422.7825
## 5 456.7683
## 6 490.9729
## 7 561.2516
## 8 572.4839
## 9 661.8956
## 10 805.2546
## 11 743.9514
## 12 802.6063
## 13 921.3246
## 14 1038.5268
## 15 966.3846
## 16 967.1923
## 17 1087.4101
## 18 1280.2249
## 19 1349.9604
## 20 1214.1649
Residuos del Modelo \(\hat{\epsilon}\)
plot(modelo2$residuals, main = "Residuos", ylab = "Residuos", xlab = "casos")
modelo2$residuals %>% matrix()
## [,1]
## [1,] -20.323767
## [2,] 73.555820
## [3,] -40.076233
## [4,] 47.217467
## [5,] -36.768268
## [6,] 9.027138
## [7,] 8.748419
## [8,] 67.516125
## [9,] 8.104393
## [10,] -25.254613
## [11,] -53.951414
## [12,] -102.606335
## [13,] -11.324647
## [14,] -108.526815
## [15,] -26.384626
## [16,] 102.807683
## [17,] 72.589856
## [18,] -70.224936
## [19,] 100.039646
## [20,] 5.835106