Births78 Exercise

1. Print the names of the variables in Births78.

library(mosaic)
?Births78

View(Births78)

# attach(Births78)
names(Births78)

## [1] "date"         "births"       "wday"         "year"        
## [5] "month"        "day_of_year"  "day_of_month" "day_of_week"

2. Find the mean, median, and quartiles of births.

mean(Births78$births)

## [1] 9132.162

median(Births78$births)

## [1] 9218

quantile(Births78$births)

##    0%   25%   50%   75%  100% 
##  7135  8554  9218  9705 10711

3. Print the summary of births.

summary(Births78$births)

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##    7135    8554    9218    9132    9705   10711

4. Can you find on which day in 1978 the total number of births was (a) the minimum and (b) the maximum.

min(Births78$births) 

## [1] 7135

m <- min(Births78$births)
Births78$date[Births78$births==m]

## [1] "1978-04-30"

max(Births78$births)

## [1] 10711

n <- max(Births78$births)
Births78$date[Births78$births==n]

## [1] "1978-09-19"

5. What was the total number of births on 300th day?

Births78$births[300]

## [1] 9537

6. Draw the histogram of births for the whole year of 1978.

gf_histogram(~births, data = Births78)

7. Can you draw the histogram of the October births in 1978? Restriction: You cannot use the day numbers as index.

gf_histogram(~births, data = Births78, Births78$month==10)

8. What is the cumulative frequency of births corresponding to days?

cumsum(Births78$births)

##   [1]    7701   15228   24053   32912   41955   51163   59247   66858
##   [9]   76030   85119   94329  103588  112726  121025  128796  138254
##  [17]  147593  156713  165939  175244  183198  190758  200010  209426
##  [25]  218516  227903  236886  244832  252359  261543  270695  279854
##  [33]  289072  298239  306304  314108  323333  332661  341800  351047
##  [41]  360574  368718  376668  385634  395493  404778  413881  423119
##  [49]  431286  438981  448002  457254  466589  475857  485409  493722
##  [57]  501603  510865  520570  529702  539006  548437  556445  564236
##  [65]  573530  583103  592315  601533  611116  619260  627130  636152
##  [73]  645677  654961  664288  673768  681733  689462  698597  708260
##  [81]  717567  726726  735883  743757  751346  760446  769739  778934
##  [89]  787836  797154  805223  812914  822028  831467  840319  849288
##  [97]  858365  866255  873700  882570  891593  900199  908923  917935
## [105]  925462  932655  941357  950562  959282  967864  976756  984543
## [113]  991847 1000864 1009941 1018960 1027799 1036846 1044596 1051731
## [121] 1060631 1070053 1079104 1087776 1096877 1104595 1111983 1120970
## [129] 1130277 1139550 1148453 1157428 1165190 1172572 1181767 1190967
## [137] 1199880 1208924 1217924 1225988 1233558 1242647 1251857 1261053
## [145] 1270233 1279747 1287752 1295533 1303313 1312943 1322543 1331978
## [153] 1341281 1349252 1356651 1365778 1375384 1384712 1393787 1403149
## [161] 1411189 1418770 1427971 1437235 1446451 1455626 1464976 1473209
## [169] 1480986 1490529 1500201 1509467 1518872 1528470 1536592 1544683
## [177] 1554031 1563888 1573589 1583219 1593299 1601508 1609484 1618768
## [185] 1627201 1636876 1647060 1657301 1666074 1674176 1684053 1693905
## [193] 1703610 1713594 1724032 1732891 1741307 1751333 1761690 1771705
## [201] 1782091 1792423 1801485 1810048 1820008 1830357 1840448 1850640
## [209] 1860947 1869624 1878110 1888000 1898145 1907969 1918097 1928148
## [217] 1936886 1945328 1955534 1965976 1976118 1986402 1996564 2005515
## [225] 2014047 2024174 2034676 2044729 2055106 2065461 2074365 2082842
## [233] 2092809 2103038 2112938 2123090 2133263 2142045 2150498 2160496
## [241] 2170883 2180946 2190795 2200909 2209489 2217844 2226325 2236348
## [249] 2247051 2257343 2267714 2276737 2285367 2295521 2305946 2316095
## [257] 2326360 2336625 2345795 2354506 2364810 2375521 2386009 2396508
## [265] 2406857 2415592 2424239 2434653 2445151 2455495 2465670 2476038
## [273] 2484686 2493372 2503299 2513677 2523605 2533554 2543606 2552211
## [281] 2560588 2570353 2580704 2590577 2600401 2610156 2618710 2626583
## [289] 2636114 2646052 2655440 2664942 2674567 2682978 2690914 2700339
## [297] 2709915 2719243 2728744 2738281 2746696 2754851 2764308 2773641
## [305] 2782962 2792207 2801981 2810227 2818238 2827745 2837514 2847015
## [313] 2856624 2866276 2874628 2882595 2892201 2902215 2911751 2921319
## [321] 2931154 2939586 2947454 2957046 2966996 2976544 2984459 2993496
## [329] 3001771 3009839 3019664 3029478 3038916 3048312 3057904 3066432
## [337] 3074628 3084395 3094276 3103678 3113158 3122556 3130891 3138984
## [345] 3148670 3158733 3168242 3177766 3187717 3196224 3204396 3214592
## [353] 3225197 3235195 3244593 3253601 3261540 3269504 3277350 3286252
## [361] 3296159 3306336 3316737 3325211 3333239

9. The data print does not make sense. How about you graph the cumulative freqency with a proper graph?

plot(ecdf(Births78$births), cex = 0)

10. Go back to the summary data of births. Can you think of any graphial presentation of 5 number summary?

fivenum(Births78$births)

## [1]  7135  8554  9218  9705 10711

boxplot(fivenum(Births78$births))

11. Can you make that plot horizontal?

boxplot(fivenum(Births78$births), horizontal = TRUE)

12. Likewise, create the same type of 5 number summary plot for births from Births2015. Caution: how do you know that this “births” vector is not the same as “births” from 1978?

fivenum(Births2015$births)

## [1]  6515  8431 11883 12339 13949

boxplot(fivenum(Births2015$births))

This “births” vector is different than the “births” from Births78 because this vector corresponds to the dataset Births2015.

13. Draw two plots in one row (#10 and 12)

boxplot(fivenum(Births78$births))

boxplot(fivenum(Births2015$births))

14. Draw two boxplots in one horizontal figure.

boxplot(fivenum(Births78$births), horizontal = TRUE)

boxplot(fivenum(Births2015$births), horizontal = TRUE)