library(datasets)
library(psych)
#Definition of variables and description of Swiss dataset origin
?swiss
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#The data is describing the factors that played a role in the transition Switzerland went through in 1888 from an underdeveloped country towards a developed one.
describe(swiss)
## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max
## Fertility 1 47 70.14 12.49 70.40 70.66 10.23 35.00 92.5
## Agriculture 2 47 50.66 22.71 54.10 51.16 23.87 1.20 89.7
## Examination 3 47 16.49 7.98 16.00 16.08 7.41 3.00 37.0
## Education 4 47 10.98 9.62 8.00 9.38 5.93 1.00 53.0
## Catholic 5 47 41.14 41.70 15.14 39.12 18.65 2.15 100.0
## Infant.Mortality 6 47 19.94 2.91 20.00 19.98 2.82 10.80 26.6
## range skew kurtosis se
## Fertility 57.50 -0.46 0.26 1.82
## Agriculture 88.50 -0.32 -0.89 3.31
## Examination 34.00 0.45 -0.14 1.16
## Education 52.00 2.27 6.14 1.40
## Catholic 97.85 0.48 -1.67 6.08
## Infant.Mortality 15.80 -0.33 0.78 0.42
t.test(swiss$Fertility)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Fertility
## t = 38.495, df = 46, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 66.47485 73.81025
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 70.14255
t.test(swiss$Agriculture)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Agriculture
## t = 15.292, df = 46, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 43.99131 57.32784
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 50.65957
t.test(swiss$Examination)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Examination
## t = 14.17, df = 46, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 14.14697 18.83176
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 16.48936
t.test(swiss$Education)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Education
## t = 7.8277, df = 46, p-value = 5.314e-10
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 8.155534 13.801913
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 10.97872
t.test(swiss$Catholic)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Catholic
## t = 6.7634, df = 46, p-value = 2.064e-08
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 28.89883 53.38883
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 41.14383
t.test(swiss$Infant.Mortality)
##
## One Sample t-test
##
## data: swiss$Infant.Mortality
## t = 46.939, df = 46, p-value < 2.2e-16
## alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 19.08735 20.79775
## sample estimates:
## mean of x
## 19.94255