Lab0 - Data

Exercise 1

arbuthnot$girls

##  [1] 4683 4457 4102 4590 4839 4820 4928 4605 4457 4952 4784 5332 5200 4910
## [15] 4617 3997 3919 3395 3536 3181 2746 2722 2840 2908 2959 3179 3349 3382
## [29] 3289 3013 2781 3247 4107 4803 4881 5681 4858 4319 5322 5560 5829 5719
## [43] 6061 6120 5822 5738 5717 5847 6203 6033 6041 6299 6533 6744 7158 7127
## [57] 7246 7119 7214 7101 7167 7302 7392 7316 7483 6647 6713 7229 7767 7626
## [71] 7452 7061 7514 7656 7683 5738 7779 7417 7687 7623 7380 7288

Exercise 2

Is there an apparent trend in the number of girls baptized over the years? How would you describe it?

Yes, we can appreciate that though the years more girls have been baptized (increasing).

Exercise 3

plot(arbuthnot$year, arbuthnot$boys / (arbuthnot$boys + arbuthnot$girls)
 , type = "l")

we can obserb that the number of boys have decrease over years.

birth records in the United States

 head(present)

##   year    boys   girls
## 1 1940 1211684 1148715
## 2 1941 1289734 1223693
## 3 1942 1444365 1364631
## 4 1943 1508959 1427901
## 5 1944 1435301 1359499
## 6 1945 1404587 1330869

1- What years are included in this data set? What are the dimensions of the data frame and what are the variable or column names?

present$year

##  [1] 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953
## [15] 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967
## [29] 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
## [43] 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
## [57] 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

dim(present)

## [1] 63  3

names(present)

## [1] "year"  "boys"  "girls"

2-How do these counts compare to Arbuthnot’s? Are they on a similar scale?

r dim(arbuthnot)

## [1] 82 3

r summary(arbuthnot)

## year boys girls ## Min. :1629 Min. :2890 Min. :2722 ## 1st Qu.:1649 1st Qu.:4759 1st Qu.:4457 ## Median :1670 Median :6073 Median :5718 ## Mean :1670 Mean :5907 Mean :5535 ## 3rd Qu.:1690 3rd Qu.:7576 3rd Qu.:7150 ## Max. :1710 Max. :8426 Max. :7779

r dim(present)

## [1] 63 3

r summary(present)

## year boys girls ## Min. :1940 Min. :1211684 Min. :1148715 ## 1st Qu.:1956 1st Qu.:1799857 1st Qu.:1711404 ## Median :1971 Median :1924868 Median :1831679 ## Mean :1971 Mean :1885600 Mean :1793915 ## 3rd Qu.:1986 3rd Qu.:2058524 3rd Qu.:1965538 ## Max. :2002 Max. :2186274 Max. :2082052

we see a differents in the number of observations.

3-Make a plot that displays the boy-to-girl ratio for every year in the data set. What do you see? Does Arbuthnot’s observation about boys being born in greater proportion than girls hold up in the U.S.? Include the plot in your response.

plot(present$year , present$boys / present$girls, type = "l", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Boys/Girls Ratio", col="Blue")

we can obserb that the boys/girls ration habe been decreased over the year.

4-In what year did we see the most total number of births in the U.S.?

  #max(present$boys + present$girls)
  cat("The year with more births is:" , present$year[(present$boys + present$girls) ==      
  max(present$boys + present$girls)])

## The year with more births is: 1961

Lab0 - Data_606

Anthony Munoz

2/3/2019