1. Summary as everybody knows the united nation is such an organization that aims to evolve the sustainable developpement of the poor nation in the different continants in several domain because of that the UN has set up 17 sustainable goals to confront poverty,hunger ,illness,gender descrimination,poor sanitation of water ,pollute energy,economic problems,climate change and education in this wok we will focus on education in morocco

  2. Introduction

this report tend to give a hint about the fourth Goal of the seventeen goals of the United nation, this goal is “Education”, as one quote said (Education changes situation) we really observe the impact of education on the life of different people ,it may change their financial and social status and make their lifestyle more luxury .nowadays providing an education of quality and suitable study programmes is the main point in the developed countries. but what if I told you that in developing or poor nations, a school building or tables or even books are considered as needs, many children on some countries in Africa or Asia are dropping out of school because poorness or lack of transportation or unsafety, there are so many reasons but the results are one ,many students are out of schools and so their future is in danger ,they will definitely face problems to find suitable jobs and thus it will generate a disorder in their societies.

3-EDUCATION IN MOROCCO The education system in Morocco comprises pre-school, primary, secondary and tertiary levels. School education is supervised by the Ministry of National Education, with considerable devolution to the regional level. Higher education falls under the Ministry of Higher Education and Executive Training. The government has launched several policy reviews to improve quality and access to education, and in particular to tackle a continuing problem of illiteracy. Support has been obtained from a number of international organisation such as USAID, UNICEF and the World Bank.

first of all we are going to install the needed packages

library(rgdal)
## Loading required package: sp
## rgdal: version: 1.3-6, (SVN revision 773)
##  Geospatial Data Abstraction Library extensions to R successfully loaded
##  Loaded GDAL runtime: GDAL 2.1.3, released 2017/20/01
##  Path to GDAL shared files: /usr/share/gdal/2.1
##  GDAL binary built with GEOS: TRUE 
##  Loaded PROJ.4 runtime: Rel. 4.9.2, 08 September 2015, [PJ_VERSION: 492]
##  Path to PROJ.4 shared files: (autodetected)
##  Linking to sp version: 1.3-1
library(sf)
## Linking to GEOS 3.5.1, GDAL 2.1.3, PROJ 4.9.2
library(sp)
library(cartography)
library(RColorBrewer)

I have to mention that could barly reach an exact data ,provided by the ministry of education in morocco .specially that “ourworldindata” and “worldbank”are providing just a basic overview about the education form in morocco.and it’s widely known that morocco is presenting unreal eucation data to climb the educational index.

we will install the package “magick”

install.packages("magick")
## Installing package into '/home/rstudio-user/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.5'
## (as 'lib' is unspecified)

the library magick is ready

library(magick)
## Linking to ImageMagick 6.9.7.4
## Enabled features: fontconfig, freetype, fftw, lcms, pango, x11
## Disabled features: cairo, ghostscript, rsvg, webp
str(magick::magick_config())
## List of 21
##  $ version           :Class 'numeric_version'  hidden list of 1
##   ..$ : int [1:4] 6 9 7 4
##  $ modules           : logi TRUE
##  $ cairo             : logi FALSE
##  $ fontconfig        : logi TRUE
##  $ freetype          : logi TRUE
##  $ fftw              : logi TRUE
##  $ ghostscript       : logi FALSE
##  $ jpeg              : logi TRUE
##  $ lcms              : logi TRUE
##  $ libopenjp2        : logi FALSE
##  $ lzma              : logi TRUE
##  $ pangocairo        : logi TRUE
##  $ pango             : logi TRUE
##  $ png               : logi TRUE
##  $ rsvg              : logi FALSE
##  $ tiff              : logi TRUE
##  $ webp              : logi FALSE
##  $ wmf               : logi TRUE
##  $ x11               : logi TRUE
##  $ xml               : logi TRUE
##  $ zero-configuration: logi FALSE

this chart shows the rate of illitrate people in the world is reducing arround the world

library(magick)
tiger <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/literate-and-illiterate-world-population (2).svg', width = 2000)
print(tiger)
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
## 1    PNG  2000   1412       sRGB  TRUE        0   72x72

since education is the main column of the social economic growth of any nation ,morocco was in time by giving crucial importance to the school inrollement ,this chart gives the rate of “no education in morocco” and it appears as diminishing through time

library(magick)
tiger <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/projections-of-the-rate-of-no-education-based-on-current-global-education-trends-1970-2050 (1).svg', width = 2000)
print(tiger)
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
## 1    PNG  2000   1412       sRGB  TRUE        0   72x72

the rate of children out of school per gender is reducing also wheter in the primary school or lower secondary or even upper secondary ,and it is abvious that the average of males is higher lightly than female,so the chart represent what was mentioned from 2005 to 2012

library(magick)
tig <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/number-of-out-of-school-children.svg', width = 2000)
tig

more than 95%of children in morocco from both sex are attending and completing the primary school ,and less than five per cent are dropping out from it

# load GGplot2
library(ggplot2)

# Create test data.
dat = data.frame(count=c(95, 5), category=c("Primary school completion rate for both sex", "droped out of primary school"))
 
# Add addition columns, needed for drawing with geom_rect.
dat$fraction = dat$count / sum(dat$count)
dat = dat[order(dat$fraction), ]
dat$ymax = cumsum(dat$fraction)
dat$ymin = c(0, head(dat$ymax, n=-1))
 
# Make the plot
p1 = ggplot(dat, aes(fill=category, ymax=ymax, ymin=ymin, xmax=4, xmin=3)) +
     geom_rect() +
     coord_polar(theta="y") +
     xlim(c(0, 4)) +
     theme(panel.grid=element_blank()) +
     theme(axis.text=element_blank()) +
     theme(axis.ticks=element_blank()) +
     annotate("text", x = 0, y = 0, label = "the indicaor of the rate
     of studentS who completd 
     the primary school
     in morocco") +
     labs(title="")
p1

this is a small plot that refers to the student rate that has increased from the 60s to 2015 ,in morocco ,the data was taken from education ministry of morocco.

# Define the cars vector with 5 values
studentrate <- c(25, 50, 75, 100)
years <- c(1960,1980,2005,2015)


# Graph the cars vector with all defaults
plot(years,studentrate)

the same this this chart shows the increasement of the student enrollement but just in primary schools in morocco

# Define the cars vector with 5 values
#cars <- c(1, 3, 6, 4, 9)
studentrate <- c(25, 50, 75, 100)
years <- c(1960,1980,2005,2015)
# Graph cars using blue points overlayed by a line 
plot(years, studentrate,type="o", col="blue")

# Create a title with a red, bold/italic font
title(main="student inrollement in primary schools in morocco between 1960 and2015", col.main="red", font.main=4)

it’s abvious from the next pie chart that the rate of boys is higher than girls in attendance of primary school in morocco

# Define cars vector with 5 values
studentpergender <- c(57,43 ) 

# Create test data.


# Create a pie chart for cars
pie(studentpergender) 

# custom colors and labels
pie(studentpergender, main="student enrollement in primary school per gender in morocco ", col=rainbow(length(studentpergender)),
   labels=c("boys","girls"))

the governmental expenditures are considered as a pivotal factor of the education developpement in any nation,maybe the political changes in morocco these years are mainly the cause of the wobble in the planned educcation budject ,so the total amount as an expenditure on education is knowing several changement in the last three years,and the moroccan governement is wobbling about caring out of education

barplot( c(45, 42,68), main="Education expenditure in morocco", xlab="the last three years",ylab="billions Moroccan Dirham")

it’s really that the government of morocco is not carring so much of its education situation,but if we want to compare it in the region or even in the whole continent ,morocco may considered one of the main expanditure on its education system,so in the region of north africa ,algeria and morocco are the most expenditures on education

library(plotrix)
slices <- c(40.99, 43.75, 14.29, 1.08) 
lbls <- c("morocco", "algeria", "tunisia", "muritania")
pie3D(slices,labels=lbls,explode=0.1,
   main="Pie Chart of Countries ")

indicators of moroccan developement in several matters

library(readr)
cr<-read_csv("/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv")
## Warning: Missing column names filled in: 'X3' [3]
## Parsed with column specification:
## cols(
##   `Data Source` = col_character(),
##   `World Development Indicators` = col_character(),
##   X3 = col_character()
## )
## Warning: 1601 parsing failures.
## row col  expected     actual                                                file
##   2  -- 3 columns 63 columns '/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv'
##   3  -- 3 columns 63 columns '/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv'
##   4  -- 3 columns 63 columns '/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv'
##   5  -- 3 columns 63 columns '/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv'
##   6  -- 3 columns 63 columns '/cloud/project/API_MAR_DS2_en_csv_v2_10322524.csv'
## ... ... ......... .......... ...................................................
## See problems(...) for more details.
cr
## # A tibble: 1,602 x 3
##    `Data Source`   `World Development In… X3                               
##    <chr>           <chr>                  <chr>                            
##  1 Last Updated D… 2018-11-14             <NA>                             
##  2 Country Name    Country Code           Indicator Name                   
##  3 Morocco         MAR                    Presence of peace keepers (numbe…
##  4 Morocco         MAR                    Intentional homicides (per 100,0…
##  5 Morocco         MAR                    Intentional homicides, male (per…
##  6 Morocco         MAR                    Intentional homicides, female (p…
##  7 Morocco         MAR                    Internally displaced persons, to…
##  8 Morocco         MAR                    Internally displaced persons, ne…
##  9 Morocco         MAR                    Internally displaced persons, ne…
## 10 Morocco         MAR                    Battle-related deaths (number of…
## # … with 1,592 more rows

normally the main year of schooling is uniform age on the world but it may differs exclusively from country to another so the year of schooling start from seven

library(magick)
ti <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/mean-years-of-schooling.svg', width = 2000)
print(ti)
## # A tibble: 1 x 7
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
##   <chr>  <int>  <int> <chr>      <lgl>    <int> <chr>  
## 1 PNG     2000   1412 sRGB       TRUE         0 72x72

population breakdown by highest level of education achieved for those aged 15 in morocco

library(magick)
t <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/population-breakdown-by-highest-level-of-education-achieved-for-those-aged-15-in.svg', width = 2000)
print(t)
## # A tibble: 1 x 7
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
##   <chr>  <int>  <int> <chr>      <lgl>    <int> <chr>  
## 1 PNG     2000   1412 sRGB       TRUE         0 72x72

learning outcomes vs gdp per capita in morocco compared with other nations

library(magick)
t <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/learning-outcomes-vs-gdp-per-capita.svg', width = 2000)
print(t)
## # A tibble: 1 x 7
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
##   <chr>  <int>  <int> <chr>      <lgl>    <int> <chr>  
## 1 PNG     2000   1412 sRGB       TRUE         0 72x72

the totall expenditure per in gdp in the moroccan education

library(magick)
kalin <- image_read_svg('/cloud/project/total-government-expenditure-on-education-gdp.svg', width = 2000)
print(kalin)
## # A tibble: 1 x 7
##   format width height colorspace matte filesize density
##   <chr>  <int>  <int> <chr>      <lgl>    <int> <chr>  
## 1 PNG     2000   1412 sRGB       TRUE         0 72x72

irr_land <- read.csv("literacy-rate-by-country (3).csv")
length(unique(irr_land$Code))
## [1] 215
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
nirr95 <- filter(irr_land, Year==1995)

nirr00 <- filter(irr_land, Year==2000)

nirr05 <- filter(irr_land, Year==2005)

nirr10 <- filter(irr_land, Year == 2010)

nirr13 <- filter(irr_land, Year == 2013)

names(nirr95) <-   c("Entity", "Code",   "Year",   "Irr_1995")

names(nirr00) <-   c("Entity", "Code",   "Year",   "Irr_2000")

names(nirr05) <-   c("Entity", "Code",   "Year",   "Irr_2005")

names(nirr10) <-   c("Entity", "Code",   "Year",   "Irr_2010")

names(nirr13) <-   c("Entity", "Code",   "Year",   "Irr_2013")
library(rnaturalearth)
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggiraph)
world <- sf::st_as_sf(rnaturalearth::countries110)

## str(world)
length(unique(world$iso_a3))
## [1] 175
library(sf)

nworld1 <-  left_join(world, nirr95, by = c('iso_a3' = 'Code')) 
## Warning: Column `iso_a3`/`Code` joining character vector and factor,
## coercing into character vector
nworld2 <-  left_join(nworld1, nirr00, by = c('iso_a3' = 'Code'))  
## Warning: Column `iso_a3`/`Code` joining character vector and factor,
## coercing into character vector
nworld3 <-   left_join(nworld2, nirr05, by = c('iso_a3' = 'Code')) 
## Warning: Column `iso_a3`/`Code` joining character vector and factor,
## coercing into character vector
nworld4 <-   left_join(nworld3, nirr10, by = c('iso_a3' = 'Code'))
## Warning: Column `iso_a3`/`Code` joining character vector and factor,
## coercing into character vector
nworld <-   left_join(nworld4, nirr13, by = c('iso_a3' = 'Code'))
## Warning: Column `iso_a3`/`Code` joining character vector and factor,
## coercing into character vector
nworld %>%       st_transform(crs="+proj=laea +lon_0=18.984375")
## Simple feature collection with 177 features and 78 fields
## geometry type:  MULTIPOLYGON
## dimension:      XY
## bbox:           xmin: -10326570 ymin: -10821730 xmax: 11718260 ymax: 12476540
## epsg (SRID):    NA
## proj4string:    +proj=laea +lat_0=0 +lon_0=18.984375 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs
## First 10 features:
##    scalerank      featurecla labelrank           sovereignt sov_a3
## 1          1 Admin-0 country         3          Afghanistan    AFG
## 2          1 Admin-0 country         3               Angola    AGO
## 3          1 Admin-0 country         6              Albania    ALB
## 4          1 Admin-0 country         4 United Arab Emirates    ARE
## 5          1 Admin-0 country         2            Argentina    ARG
## 6          1 Admin-0 country         6              Armenia    ARM
## 7          1 Admin-0 country         4           Antarctica    ATA
## 8          3 Admin-0 country         6               France    FR1
## 9          1 Admin-0 country         2            Australia    AU1
## 10         1 Admin-0 country         4              Austria    AUT
##    adm0_dif level              type                               admin
## 1         0     2 Sovereign country                         Afghanistan
## 2         0     2 Sovereign country                              Angola
## 3         0     2 Sovereign country                             Albania
## 4         0     2 Sovereign country                United Arab Emirates
## 5         0     2 Sovereign country                           Argentina
## 6         0     2 Sovereign country                             Armenia
## 7         0     2     Indeterminate                          Antarctica
## 8         1     2        Dependency French Southern and Antarctic Lands
## 9         1     2           Country                           Australia
## 10        0     2 Sovereign country                             Austria
##    adm0_a3 geou_dif                             geounit gu_a3 su_dif
## 1      AFG        0                         Afghanistan   AFG      0
## 2      AGO        0                              Angola   AGO      0
## 3      ALB        0                             Albania   ALB      0
## 4      ARE        0                United Arab Emirates   ARE      0
## 5      ARG        0                           Argentina   ARG      0
## 6      ARM        0                             Armenia   ARM      0
## 7      ATA        0                          Antarctica   ATA      0
## 8      ATF        0 French Southern and Antarctic Lands   ATF      0
## 9      AUS        0                           Australia   AUS      0
## 10     AUT        0                             Austria   AUT      0
##                                subunit su_a3 brk_diff
## 1                          Afghanistan   AFG        0
## 2                               Angola   AGO        0
## 3                              Albania   ALB        0
## 4                 United Arab Emirates   ARE        0
## 5                            Argentina   ARG        0
## 6                              Armenia   ARM        0
## 7                           Antarctica   ATA        0
## 8  French Southern and Antarctic Lands   ATF        0
## 9                            Australia   AUS        0
## 10                             Austria   AUT        0
##                      name                           name_long brk_a3
## 1             Afghanistan                         Afghanistan    AFG
## 2                  Angola                              Angola    AGO
## 3                 Albania                             Albania    ALB
## 4    United Arab Emirates                United Arab Emirates    ARE
## 5               Argentina                           Argentina    ARG
## 6                 Armenia                             Armenia    ARM
## 7              Antarctica                          Antarctica    ATA
## 8  Fr. S. Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands    ATF
## 9               Australia                           Australia    AUS
## 10                Austria                             Austria    AUT
##                      brk_name brk_group     abbrev postal
## 1                 Afghanistan      <NA>       Afg.     AF
## 2                      Angola      <NA>       Ang.     AO
## 3                     Albania      <NA>       Alb.     AL
## 4        United Arab Emirates      <NA>     U.A.E.     AE
## 5                   Argentina      <NA>       Arg.     AR
## 6                     Armenia      <NA>       Arm.    ARM
## 7                  Antarctica      <NA>       Ant.     AQ
## 8  Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands      <NA> Fr. S.A.L.     TF
## 9                   Australia      <NA>       Auz.     AU
## 10                    Austria      <NA>      Aust.      A
##                                               formal_en formal_fr
## 1                          Islamic State of Afghanistan      <NA>
## 2                           People's Republic of Angola      <NA>
## 3                                   Republic of Albania      <NA>
## 4                                  United Arab Emirates      <NA>
## 5                                    Argentine Republic      <NA>
## 6                                   Republic of Armenia      <NA>
## 7                                                  <NA>      <NA>
## 8  Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands      <NA>
## 9                             Commonwealth of Australia      <NA>
## 10                                  Republic of Austria      <NA>
##    note_adm0                         note_brk
## 1       <NA>                             <NA>
## 2       <NA>                             <NA>
## 3       <NA>                             <NA>
## 4       <NA>                             <NA>
## 5       <NA>                             <NA>
## 6       <NA>                             <NA>
## 7       <NA> Multiple claims held in abeyance
## 8        Fr.                             <NA>
## 9       <NA>                             <NA>
## 10      <NA>                             <NA>
##                              name_sort name_alt mapcolor7 mapcolor8
## 1                          Afghanistan     <NA>         5         6
## 2                               Angola     <NA>         3         2
## 3                              Albania     <NA>         1         4
## 4                 United Arab Emirates     <NA>         2         1
## 5                            Argentina     <NA>         3         1
## 6                              Armenia     <NA>         3         1
## 7                           Antarctica     <NA>         4         5
## 8  French Southern and Antarctic Lands     <NA>         7         5
## 9                            Australia     <NA>         1         2
## 10                             Austria     <NA>         3         1
##    mapcolor9 mapcolor13  pop_est gdp_md_est pop_year lastcensus gdp_year
## 1          8          7 28400000    22270.0       NA       1979       NA
## 2          6          1 12799293   110300.0       NA       1970       NA
## 3          1          6  3639453    21810.0       NA       2001       NA
## 4          3          3  4798491   184300.0       NA       2010       NA
## 5          3         13 40913584   573900.0       NA       2010       NA
## 6          2         10  2967004    18770.0       NA       2001       NA
## 7          1         NA     3802      760.4       NA         NA       NA
## 8          9         11      140       16.0       NA         NA       NA
## 9          2          7 21262641   800200.0       NA       2006       NA
## 10         3          4  8210281   329500.0       NA       2011       NA
##                       economy              income_grp wikipedia fips_10
## 1   7. Least developed region           5. Low income        NA    <NA>
## 2   7. Least developed region  3. Upper middle income        NA    <NA>
## 3        6. Developing region  4. Lower middle income        NA    <NA>
## 4        6. Developing region 2. High income: nonOECD        NA    <NA>
## 5     5. Emerging region: G20  3. Upper middle income        NA    <NA>
## 6        6. Developing region  4. Lower middle income        NA    <NA>
## 7        6. Developing region 2. High income: nonOECD        NA    <NA>
## 8        6. Developing region 2. High income: nonOECD        NA    <NA>
## 9  2. Developed region: nonG7    1. High income: OECD        NA    <NA>
## 10 2. Developed region: nonG7    1. High income: OECD        NA    <NA>
##    iso_a2 iso_a3 iso_n3 un_a3 wb_a2 wb_a3 woe_id adm0_a3_is adm0_a3_us
## 1      AF    AFG    004   004    AF   AFG     NA        AFG        AFG
## 2      AO    AGO    024   024    AO   AGO     NA        AGO        AGO
## 3      AL    ALB    008   008    AL   ALB     NA        ALB        ALB
## 4      AE    ARE    784   784    AE   ARE     NA        ARE        ARE
## 5      AR    ARG    032   032    AR   ARG     NA        ARG        ARG
## 6      AM    ARM    051   051    AM   ARM     NA        ARM        ARM
## 7      AQ    ATA    010  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>     NA        ATA        ATA
## 8      TF    ATF    260  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>     NA        ATF        ATF
## 9      AU    AUS    036   036    AU   AUS     NA        AUS        AUS
## 10     AT    AUT    040   040    AT   AUT     NA        AUT        AUT
##    adm0_a3_un adm0_a3_wb               continent               region_un
## 1          NA         NA                    Asia                    Asia
## 2          NA         NA                  Africa                  Africa
## 3          NA         NA                  Europe                  Europe
## 4          NA         NA                    Asia                    Asia
## 5          NA         NA           South America                Americas
## 6          NA         NA                    Asia                    Asia
## 7          NA         NA              Antarctica              Antarctica
## 8          NA         NA Seven seas (open ocean) Seven seas (open ocean)
## 9          NA         NA                 Oceania                 Oceania
## 10         NA         NA                  Europe                  Europe
##                    subregion                  region_wb name_len long_len
## 1              Southern Asia                 South Asia       11       11
## 2              Middle Africa         Sub-Saharan Africa        6        6
## 3            Southern Europe      Europe & Central Asia        7        7
## 4               Western Asia Middle East & North Africa       20       20
## 5              South America  Latin America & Caribbean        9        9
## 6               Western Asia      Europe & Central Asia        7        7
## 7                 Antarctica                 Antarctica       10       10
## 8    Seven seas (open ocean)         Sub-Saharan Africa       22       35
## 9  Australia and New Zealand        East Asia & Pacific        9        9
## 10            Western Europe      Europe & Central Asia        7        7
##    abbrev_len tiny homepart Entity.x Year.x Irr_1995    Entity.y Year.y
## 1           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA Afghanistan   2000
## 2           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 3           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 4           6   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 5           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 6           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 7           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 8          10    2       NA     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 9           4   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
## 10          5   NA        1     <NA>     NA       NA        <NA>     NA
##    Irr_2000           Entity.x.x Year.x.x Irr_2005 Entity.y.y Year.y.y
## 1      28.1                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 2        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 3        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 4        NA United Arab Emirates     2005       90       <NA>       NA
## 5        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 6        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 7        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 8        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 9        NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
## 10       NA                 <NA>       NA       NA       <NA>       NA
##    Irr_2010 Entity Year Irr_2013                       geometry
## 1        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((3897019 413...
## 2        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((-294686.1 -...
## 3        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((142770.1 45...
## 4        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((3333836 276...
## 5        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((-5003690 -7...
## 6        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((2183104 454...
## 7        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((-1509927 -8...
## 8        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((3831026 -56...
## 9        NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((7426184 -79...
## 10       NA   <NA>   NA       NA MULTIPOLYGON (((-163453.8 5...
(nworld$Irr_1995[is.na(nworld$Irr_1995)] <- 0)
## [1] 0
(nworld$Irr_2000[is.na(nworld$Irr_2000)] <- 0)
## [1] 0
(nworld$Irr_2005[is.na(nworld$Irr_2005)] <- 0)
## [1] 0
(nworld$Irr_2010[is.na(nworld$Irr_2010)] <- 1)
## [1] 1
(nworld$Irr_2013[is.na(nworld$Irr_2011)] <- 0)
## [1] 0
world.centers <- st_centroid(nworld)
## Warning in st_centroid.sf(nworld): st_centroid assumes attributes are
## constant over geometries of x
## Warning in st_centroid.sfc(st_geometry(x), of_largest_polygon =
## of_largest_polygon): st_centroid does not give correct centroids for
## longitude/latitude data
world.spdf <- methods::as(nworld, 'Spatial')
world.spdf@data$id <- row.names(world.spdf@data)

world.tidy <- broom::tidy(world.spdf)
## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): Unequal factor levels: coercing to character
## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector
## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): Unequal factor levels: coercing to character
## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector

## Warning in bind_rows_(x, .id): binding character and factor vector,
## coercing into character vector
## Regions defined for each Polygons
world.tidy <- dplyr::left_join(world.tidy, world.spdf@data, by='id')
africa.tidy <- dplyr::filter(world.tidy, region_un=='Africa')
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(hrbrthemes)
## NOTE: Either Arial Narrow or Roboto Condensed fonts are required to use these themes.
##       Please use hrbrthemes::import_roboto_condensed() to install Roboto Condensed and
##       if Arial Narrow is not on your system, please see http://bit.ly/arialnarrow
library(colormap)
ma10 <- ggplot(africa.tidy) +
  geom_polygon_interactive(
    color='black',
    aes(long, lat, group=group, fill=(Irr_2010),
        tooltip=sprintf("%s<br/>%s",iso_a3,Irr_2010))) +
 hrbrthemes::theme_ipsum() +
  colormap::scale_fill_colormap(
    colormap=colormap::colormaps$freesurface_blue, reverse = T) +
  labs(title='the rate of litracy in africa', subtitle='As a percentage litracy in the different african countries',
       caption='Source: Our World in Data.')

##widgetframe::frameWidget(ggiraph(code=print(g4)))
ggiraph(code=print(ma10))

conclusion: in conclusion ,i have tried to present the importance of education in our world nowadays ,by focusing just on one country which is morocco ,unfortunatly i couldn’t reach liable data to present clearly the situation of education in that country ,bit at least i have formed a small picture about it ,and it appears similar to the case of other developing countries ,where education is the last matter the governments , politicians and leaders care about.