The Mushrooms Dataset was retrieve from https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/mushroom/ on 29th January, 2019 and was then save in my Github as mushroom for this home work assignment.
Sources: (a) Mushroom records drawn from The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms (1981). G. H. Lincoff (Pres.), New York: Alfred A. Knopf (b) Donor: Jeff Schlimmer (Jeffrey.Schlimmer @ a.gp.cs.cmu.edu) (c) Date: 27 April 1987
# Retrieving the dataset from my Github
theURL<-"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/greeneyefirefly/mushrooms/master/dataset.csv"
mushroom<-read.csv (file = theURL, header = FALSE, sep = ",")
# A preview of the mushroom dataset
head(mushroom)## V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20
## 1 p x s n t p f c n k e e s s w w p w o p
## 2 e x s y t a f c b k e c s s w w p w o p
## 3 e b s w t l f c b n e c s s w w p w o p
## 4 p x y w t p f c n n e e s s w w p w o p
## 5 e x s g f n f w b k t e s s w w p w o e
## 6 e x y y t a f c b n e c s s w w p w o p
## V21 V22 V23
## 1 k s u
## 2 n n g
## 3 n n m
## 4 k s u
## 5 n a g
## 6 k n gThis dataset includes 23 species of gilled mushrooms in the Agaricus and Lepiota Family, with indicators as edible, poisonous, etc. The dataset consist of 8124 instances with 2480 missing value (denoted by “?”, found in the stalk-root variable). There are 23 variables, and their categories are listed below:
1. classes: edible=e, poisonous=p
2. cap-shape: bell=b,conical=c,convex=x,flat=f,knobbed=k,sunken=s
3. cap-surface: fibrous=f,grooves=g,scaly=y,smooth=s
4. cap-color: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,green=r, pink=p,purple=u,red=e,white=w,yellow=y
5. bruises?: bruises=t,no=f
6. odor: almond=a,anise=l,creosote=c,fishy=y,foul=f, musty=m,none=n,pungent=p,spicy=s
7. gill-attachment: attached=a,descending=d,free=f,notched=n
8. gill-spacing: close=c,crowded=w,distant=d
9. gill-size: broad=b,narrow=n
10. gill-color: black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,gray=g,green=r,orange=o,pink=p,purple=u,red=e,white=w,yellow=y
11. stalk-shape: enlarging=e,tapering=t
12. stalk-root: bulbous=b,club=c,cup=u,equal=e, rhizomorphs=z,rooted=r,missing=?
13. stalk-surface-above-ring: fibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s
14. stalk-surface-below-ring: fibrous=f,scaly=y,silky=k,smooth=s
15. stalk-color-above-ring: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o,pink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y
16. stalk-color-below-ring: brown=n,buff=b,cinnamon=c,gray=g,orange=o,pink=p,red=e,white=w,yellow=y
17. veil-type: partial=p,universal=u
18. veil-color: brown=n,orange=o,white=w,yellow=y
19. ring-number: none=n,one=o,two=t
20. ring-type: cobwebby=c,evanescent=e,flaring=f,large=l,none=n,pendant=p,sheathing=s,zone=z
21. spore-print-color: black=k,brown=n,buff=b,chocolate=h,green=r,orange=o,purple=u,white=w,yellow=y
22. population: abundant=a,clustered=c,numerous=n,scattered=s,several=v,solitary=y
23. habitat: grasses=g,leaves=l,meadows=m,paths=p,urban=u,waste=w,woods=dThe task is to create a new data frame with a subset of the columns. The variables selected are classes, cap-shape, bruises?, gill-size, gill-color, stalk-root and ring-type.
# Creating a subset data frame with the selected variables
newMushroom<-mushroom[,c(1,2,5,9,10,12,20)]
# Adding column names
colnames(newMushroom) <- c("classes", "cap-shape", "bruises", "gill-size", "gill-color", "stalk-root", "ring-type")
# A preview of how the new data frame looks like.
head(newMushroom)## classes cap-shape bruises gill-size gill-color stalk-root ring-type
## 1 p x t n k e p
## 2 e x t b k c p
## 3 e b t b n c p
## 4 p x t n n e p
## 5 e x f b k e e
## 6 e x t b n c pThe following then recodes the abbreviations into the actual word.
# Loading the dplyr library with useful code to perform the transformation.
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union# Recode() can replace character values by their name.
newMushroom$classes<-recode(newMushroom$classes, e="edible", p="poisonous")
newMushroom$`cap-shape`<-recode(newMushroom$`cap-shape`, b="bell", c="conical", x="convex", f="flat", k="knobbed", s="sunken")
newMushroom$bruises<-recode(newMushroom$bruises, t="bruises", f="none")
newMushroom$`gill-size`<-recode(newMushroom$`gill-size`, b="broad", n="narrow")
newMushroom$`gill-color`<-recode(newMushroom$`gill-color`, k="black", n="brown", b="buff", h="chocolate", g="gray", r="green", o="orange", p="pink", u="purple", e="red", w="white", y="yellow")
newMushroom$`stalk-root`<-recode(newMushroom$`stalk-root`, b="bulbous", c="club", u="cup", e="equal", z="rhizomorphs", r="rooted", .default="missing")
newMushroom$`ring-type`<-recode(newMushroom$`ring-type`, c="cobwebby", e="evanescent", f="flaring", l="large", n="none", p="pendant", s="sheathing", z="zone")
# Here is how the transformed data frame now looks like.
head(newMushroom)## classes cap-shape bruises gill-size gill-color stalk-root ring-type
## 1 poisonous convex bruises narrow black equal pendant
## 2 edible convex bruises broad black club pendant
## 3 edible bell bruises broad brown club pendant
## 4 poisonous convex bruises narrow brown equal pendant
## 5 edible convex none broad black equal evanescent
## 6 edible convex bruises broad brown club pendant